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    Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    Ainafina omar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    Ainafina omar
    13 views4 pages

    Original Title

    LECTURE 2

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views4 pages

    Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    Ainafina omar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Introduction

    Cameras and other


    imaging devices  The most fundamental device in
    photogrammetry
     Definition: a light-proof chamber or box in which
    the image of an exterior object is projected
    upon a sensitized plate or film, through an
    opening usually equipped with lens or lenses,a
    shutter and variable aperture.
     Digital camera use semiconductors electronic
    (imaging device)

    Intro (cont.) Categories

     Understanding of geometry is essential for  Based on how the image is formed


    precise and accurate application of  Frame cameras: acquire the image
    photogrammetry. simulteneously over the entire format.
     Strip cameras, linear array sensor,
     Success in the field is due to progress in pushbroom scanner: sense only linear
    developing precision camera. projection (strip), of the field of view, require
     Basic needs of the camera: perfection of lenses, the device to move or sweep across the area to
    acquire a 2-dimensional image.
    high resolving power and minimum distortion.  Mechanical scanner: detecting a spot at a
     Ensure increased accuracy time, require movement in two directions
    (sweep and scan).
    Metric cameras for
    Aerial Mapping Camera aerial mapping
     The use is widespread in  Single lens frame cameras
    photogrammetry industry  Highest geometric picture qualities
     Primary requirements:  The lens is held fixed relative to focal
    a) a lens of high geometric plane
    qualities  Classified according to angular field of
    b) Exposing in rapid succession view
    c) Short cycling times, fast lens  Classification:
    and efficient shutter a) Normal angle (up to 750)
    d) Functioning under extreme b) Wide angle (75-1000)
    weather and aircraft c) Superwide angle (>1000)
    vibrations d) Formula to calculate: α = 2 tan-1 (d/2f)

    Metric cameras for


    aerial mapping
    Main parts of frame
    (continue) aerial camera
     Variety of focal length Camera magazine:
     The most common in mapping is 152 a) House the reels, contain film advancing and

    mm. film flattenning mechanism.


    b) The vacuum system is the best flattening
     The 152 mm focal length + 230mm
    method
    format is the best combination.
    Camera body:
     Longer focal length such as 305mm is
    a) House the driving mechanism
    used for aerial mosaics and
    reconnaisance Lens cone assembly
    a) lens, shutter and diaphragm
    Configuration of an aerial camera
    Focal Plane and Fiducial Marks
     The plane on which all incident lights are
    brought to focus
     The focus is fixed for infinite object distances
     Focal plane distance is similar to focal length.
     Surface upon which the film emulsion rest when
    exposure is made.
     Fiducial marks: usually four or eight in number.
    In the middle of the sides and corners.
     Serve to establish a reference to x y photo
    coordinates system.
     Lines joining opposite fiducial intersect at
    indicated principal point.

    Shutter Camera mounts

     Shutter open for very short duration  Mechanism to attach the camera to the
     Shutter speed ranged from 1/100 to aircraft
    1/1000 seconds  Equiped with dampener devices wich
    reduces vibration, and mechanism that
     Between-the-lens shutter is the most allows rotation in azimuth to correct for
    common crab.
     Crab has the undesirable effects of
    reducing streoscopic coverage.
    Camera control
    The end
     Intervalometer: automatically trips
    the shutter and actuates the camera
    cycle as required by the flight plan.  Any question?
     Time interval depended upon the
    camera focal length, format size,
    desired end lap, flying height and
    aircraft velocity
     Modern system employed a GPS
    receiver which enable exposure be
    made at programmed location dictated
    by flight plan.

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