Leela Soft Core Java (J2SE) Madhusudhan
Class Members:
class Test
{
1.Variables;
2.Methods;
3.Constructors;
4.instance blocks;
5.static blocks;
}
1. Variables:
Types of Variables:
1. Instance Variables
2. Static Variables
3. Local Variables
4. Parameters
Variable Declaration:
<data type> <identifier>;
Examples:
int x;
float y;
String z;
Initialization:
<identifier> = <value / expression>;
Examples:
x = 10;
y = 1.2f;
z = "Welcome to Java";
x = x+30*5;
Variable Declaration and Initialization:
<data type> <identifier> = <value/expression>;
Example:
int x = 10;
double y = 1.23;
boolean b = true;
Static Area:
Instance Area:
trainer.madhusudhan@gmail.com Cell: 78 42 66 47 66
Leela Soft Core Java (J2SE) Madhusudhan
Instance Variables:
Example:
class Test {
int x = 10; // instance variable
static int y = 20; // static variable
void m1(int x1, double y1) // parameters
{
int z; // local variable
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + x);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Main Method");
Test t = new Test();
System.out.println("Method main :" + t.x);
t.m1(100, 2.3);
}
}
Example:
class Test {
int x = 10; // instance variable
static int y = 20; // static variable
void m1(int x1, double y1) // parameters
{
int z; // local variable
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + x);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + y);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + Test.y);
}
trainer.madhusudhan@gmail.com Cell: 78 42 66 47 66
Leela Soft Core Java (J2SE) Madhusudhan
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Main Method");
Test t = new Test();
System.out.println("Instance :" + t.x);
System.out.println("Static main :" + t.y);
System.out.println("Static main :" + Test.y);
System.out.println("Static main :" + y);
t.m1(100, 2.3);
}
}
Example:
class Test {
int x = 10; // instance variable
static int y = 20; // static variable
void m1(int x1, double y1) // parameters
{
int z = 30; // local variable
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + x);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + y);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + Test.y);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + z);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + x1);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + y1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 100;
System.out.println("Main Method");
Test t = new Test();
System.out.println("Instance :" + t.x);
System.out.println("Static :" + t.y);
System.out.println("Static :" + Test.y);
System.out.println("Static :" + y);
System.out.println("Local :" + x);
t.m1(100, 2.3);
}
}
Example: Default Values
class Test {
int x; // instance variable
trainer.madhusudhan@gmail.com Cell: 78 42 66 47 66
Leela Soft Core Java (J2SE) Madhusudhan
static int y; // static variable
void m1() // parameters
{
int z = 30; // local variable
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + x);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + y);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + Test.y);
System.out.println("Method m1 :" + z);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Main Method");
Test t = new Test();
System.out.println("Instance :" + t.x);
System.out.println("Static :" + t.y);
System.out.println("Static :" + Test.y);
System.out.println("Static :" + y);
t.m1();
}
}
Example:
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int y;
System.out.println("Local :" + y);
}
}
error: variable y might not have been initialized
Memory areas in JVM:
1. Class area or Method area
2. Heap area
3. Stack area
4. PC Registers
5. Native Method Stacks
Instance Variable Vs Static Variables:
class Test {
int x; // instance variable
static int y; // static variable
trainer.madhusudhan@gmail.com Cell: 78 42 66 47 66
Leela Soft Core Java (J2SE) Madhusudhan
public static void main(String[] args) {
Test t1 = new Test();
t1.x = 10;
t1.y = 20;
System.out.println("Instance T1 :" + t1.x); // 10
System.out.println("Static T1 :" + t1.y); // 20
Test t2 = new Test();
t2.x = 100;
t2.y = 200;
System.out.println("Instance T2 :" + t2.x);
System.out.println("Static T2 :" + t2.y);
System.out.println("Instance :" + t1.x); // 10
System.out.println("Static :" + t1.y); // 20
Test t3 = new Test();
System.out.println(t3.x); // 0
System.out.println(t3.y); // 200
}
}
trainer.madhusudhan@gmail.com Cell: 78 42 66 47 66
