Chemistry AP

Chapters 4 and 5 Practice Test

1. Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

A. HCl
B. CH3COOH (acetic acid)
C. C6H12O6 (glucose)
D. O2
E. NaCl

2. The balanced net ionic equation between aqueous chlorous acid and aqueous
potassium hydroxide contains which of the following species?
A. KCl(s)
B. 2 OH-1
C. Cl-1 (aq)
D. H3O+1
E. HClO2 (aq)

3. In the chemical reaction 5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ ® 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2, the species reduced is
A. H2O2.
B. MnO4-1.
C. H+.
D. Mn2+.
E. O2.

4. It takes 32.0 seconds for ammonia gas to effuse down a capillary tube. How long will it take
for hydrogen chloride gas to effuse down an identical tube under identical
conditions of temperature and pressure?
A. 22 seconds
B. 54 seconds
C. 47 seconds
D. 61 seconds
E. 32 seconds

5. 50.0 mL of 0.250 M nitric acid is added to 50.0 mL of 0.400 M magnesium nitrate. What is the
concentration of nitrate ion in the final solution?

A. 0.525 M
B. 0.263 M
C. 0.325 M
D. 1.05 M
E. 0.0295 M
6. At what temperature will a gaseous xenon tetrafluoride molecule have the same average
speed as a fluorine molecule at 107°C?
A. 200. °C
B. 3930. °C
C. 107 °C
D. 591 °C
E. 1800. °C

7. 2.00 grams of calcium metal is dissolved in water to produce calcium hydroxide and a gas in a single
replacement reaction. What is the final concentration of hydroxide ions if 750. g of water are used?

A. 0.133 M
B. 0.0667 M
C. 0.266 M
D. 0.792 M
E. 0.0500 M

8. A balloon contains a mixture of cyclopropane (cp) and oxygen (O2) at 200. torr and 800. torr,
respectively. What is the ratio of the number of moles of cyclopropane to moles of
oxygen?
ncp/no2 = ?
A. 0.20
B. 0.25
C. 0.33
D. 0.50
E. 0.75

9. Oxygen gas, generated by the reaction 2KClO3(s) ® 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g), is collected over water
at 127°C in a 2.00-L vessel at a total pressure of 650. torr. (The vapor pressure of H2O at
127°C is 26.0 torr.) How many moles of KClO3 were consumed in the reaction?
A. 0.0790 moles
B. 0.119 moles
C. 0.0500 moles
D. 0.0813 moles
E. 0.0330 moles

10. The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction between concentrated ammonia and aqueous nickel
(II) nitrate contains which of the following?

A. [Ni(NH3)4]+2 (aq)
B. 2 OH-1
C. 2 Ni+2
D. Ni(OH)2(aq)
E. 2 NH3
11. The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous
copper (II) chloride contains which of the following?

A. K+1 (aq)
B. 2OH-1 (aq)
C. 2 H2O
D. CuCl2(aq)
E. CuOH (s)

12. What volume of H2O(g) measured at STP is produced by the combustion of 4.00 g of
methane gas (CH4)?
A. 5.60 L
B. 11.2 L
C. 22.4 L
D. 33.6 L
E. 44.8 L

13. A 3.31-g sample of lead nitrate is heated in an evacuated cylinder with a volume of 1.62 L.
The salt decomposes when heated, according to the equation
2Pb(NO3)2(s) ® 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2 (g)
Assuming complete decomposition, what is the pressure in the cylinder after
decomposition and cooling to a temperature of 300 K? Assume the PbO(s) takes up
negligible volume.
A. 0.380 atm
B. 0.228 atm
C. 0.0342 atm
D. 1.38 atm
E. 0.780 atm

14. A 4.32 gram sample of a certain diatomic gas occupies a volume of 3.00-L at 1.00 atm and a
temperature of 57°C. Identify this gas.
A. F2
B. N2
C. H2
D. O2
E. Cl2

15. The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous hydrosulfuric acid and aqueous

calcium hydroxide contains which of the following?

A. Ca(OH)2(s)
B. H+1 (aq)
C. CaS(aq)
D. 2 H2O
E. Both C and D
16. Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure rank the following gases from most to least
ideal behavior: He, CO2, HCl, and Ar.

A. He, CO2, HCl, Ar

B. He, HCl, Ar, CO2
C. CO2, Ar, HCl, He
D. He, Ar, CO2, HCl
E. Ar, CO2, HCl, He

17. . Concentrated ammonia solution is added to a precipitate of silver carbonate. The balanced net ionic
equation contains which of the following?
A. NH3
B. Ag2CO3(aq)
C. CO3-2
D. [Ag(NH3)]+1
E. Ag+1

18. In the reaction P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) ® 4PCl5(s), the species oxidized is

A. chlorine.
B. PCl5.
C. phosphorus.
D. Cl–.
E. none of these

19. For the reaction of aqueous sodium bromide with chlorine gas to form sodium chloride and
bromine, the appropriate half-reactions are (ox = oxidation and re = reduction):
A. ox: Cl2 + 2e– ® 2Cl–; re: 2Br– ® Br2 + 2e–
B. ox: 2Br– ® Br2 + 2e–; re: Cl2 + 2e– ® 2Cl–
C. ox: Cl + e– ® Cl–; re: Br ® Br– + e–
D. ox: Br + 2e– ® Br2–; re: 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–
E. ox: 2Na+ + 2e– ® 2Na; re: 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–

20. Given the following redox reaction in acid:

H2O2 + Cr2O72– ® Cr+3 + O2
The coefficient for H+1 in the balanced reaction is
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 8.
E. 14.

21. Which conditions of P, T, and n, respectively, are most ideal?

A. high P, high T, high n
B. low P, low T, low n
C. high P, low T, high n
D. low P, high T, high n
E. low P, high T, low n
22. You have 28.0 g of O2 gas in a container with twice the volume as one with SO3 gas. The
pressure and temperature of both containers are the same. Calculate the mass of sulfur
trioxide gas you have in the container.
A. 35.0 g
B. 28.0 g
C. 21.0 g
D. 12.0 g
E. 40.0 g

23. You are holding two balloons, one filled with neon (Ne) gas and the other with argon (Ar)
gas. The Ne balloon has twice the volume of the Ar balloon. Which of the following
best represents the mass ratio of Ne:Ar in the balloons?
A 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 2:1
D. 1:3
E. 3:1

24. Three balloons are filled with the same number of molecules of O2, H2, and CO2 respectively
under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. Which is NOT the same for
each gas?
I. Avg. kinetic energy II. Volume III. Avg. velocity of molecules IV. Density

A. I and III
B. III and IV
C. III
D. II and IV
E. I, II, and III

25. The following unbalanced equation represents a reaction that occurs in basic solution:
MnO41– + C2O42– ® MnO2 + CO32–
How many moles of MnO41– are required to produce 1 mole of CO32–?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 0.67
E. 0.33

26. The valve between a 5-L tank containing a gas at 9 atm and a 10-L tank containing a gas at 6
atm is opened. Calculate the final pressure in the tanks.
A. 3 atm
B. 4 atm
C. 7 atm
D. 15 atm
E. 12 atm
27. A sample of helium gas occupies 12.4 L at 27°C and 1.00 atm. What volume will it occupy at
87°C and 1.20 atm?
A. 0.750 L
B. 6.28 L
C. 12.4 L
D. 10.4 L
E. 17.2 L

28. The root mean square velocity of HCl molecules at a given temperature is 1200 miles/hour.
What is the velocity in miles/hour of He atoms at the same temperature?
A. 900. mph
B. 10,800 mph
C. 100. mph
D. 400. mph
E. 3600 mph

29. What mass of sodium hydroxide is required to react exactly with 25.0 mL of 1.2 M sulfuric
acid?
A. 1.2 g
B. 1.8 g
C. 2.4 g
D. 3.6 g
E. 0.60 g

Questions 30 through 32: Consider three 1-L flasks at STP. Flask A contains NH3 gas, flask B
contains NO2 gas, and flask C contains N2 gas.

30. Which contains the largest number of molecules?

A. flask A
B. flask B
C. flask C
D. all are the same
E. none

31. In which flask are the molecules least polar and therefore most ideal in behavior?
A. flask A
B. flask B
C. flask C
D. all are the same
E. none

32. In which flask do the molecules have the highest average velocity?
A. flask A B. flask B C. flask C D. all are the same E. none
 33. If 6.00 grams of solid calcium carbonate is added to 40.0 mL of 2.50 M hydrochloric acid
determine the volume of gas produced under room conditions of 27.0 ˚C and 1.00 atm.
pressure. (HINT: Recall the reaction in the freezer bag lab)
A. 1.60 L
B. 1.85 L
C. 1.23 L
D. 1.48 L
E. 0.62 L

34. An unknown acid sample is titrated with 0.400 M potassium hydroxide. 2.0 grams of the
acid sample are weighed out and dissolved in 50.0 mL of water. It is found that 40.0 mL of
the base are required to neutralize the acid. Assuming the acid is diprotic determine the
molar mass of the acid.
A. 100. g/mole
B. 125 g/mole
C. 175 g/mole
D. 250. g/mole
E. 330. g/mole

35. A balloon has a volume of 1.20 liters at 27.0°C. The balloon is heated to 54.0°C. Calculate
the new volume of the balloon.
A. 1.20 L
B. 1.30 L
C. 1.70 L
D. 2.10 L
E. 2.40 L

36. Determine the molecular formula of a gas with empirical formula S2O if it has a density of 10.0
g/L at a temperature of 27°C at a pressure of 1.00 atm. (Use a value of 0.0800 for R)
A. S4O2
B. S3O6
C. S4O2
D. S2O
E. S6O3

37. 60.0 mL of 0.400 M potassium carbonate solution is mixed with 80.0 mL of 0.250 M silver
sulfate solution. Determine the mass of product formed.
A. 2.75 g
B. 6.62 g
C. 5.50 g
D. 11.0 g
E. 4.20 g
 Free Response

1. A mixture of H2(g), O2(g), and 2 milliliters of H2O (l) Is present in a 0.500 liter rigid container
at 25 ˚C. The number of moles of H2 and the number of moles of O2 are equal.
The total pressure is 1,146 millimeters of mercury. The equilibrium vapor
pressure of pure water at 25˚C is 24 mm Hg. The mixture is sparked, and H2 and
O2 react until one reactant is completely consumed.
(a) Identify the reactant remaining and calculate the number of moles of the reactant
remaining.
(b) Calculate the total pressure in the container at the conclusion of the reaction if the final
temperature is 90 ˚C. The equilibrium vapor pressure of water at 90 ˚C is 526
mmHg.
(c) Calculate the number of moles of water present as vapor in the container at 90 ˚C.

2. The normal boiling points of CO and SO2 are ˗ 192˚C and -10˚C respectively.
(a) At 25˚C and 1 atm, which gas would you expect to have a molar volume closest to
The ideal value? Justify your answer.
(b) If you wanted to reduce the deviation from ideal gas behavior, in what direction
would you change the temperature? The pressure? Justify your answer.

3. Consider the 3 sealed steel tanks labeled X, Y, and Z. Each tank has the same volume and the
same temperature. In each tank one mole of CH4 is represented by a circle, one
mole of O2 by a square, and one mole of SO2 by a triangle. Assume no reaction
takes place between these molecules.
4. A student is given 0.930 grams of an unknown acid, which can either be oxalic acid, H2C2O4,
or citric acid, H3C6H5O7. To determine which acid she has, she titrates the unknown acid with
0.615 molar NaOH. The equivalence point is reached when 33.6 mL of NaOH are added. What
is the unknown acid?

5. Hair bleaching solutions contain hydrogen peroxide, H2O2. The amount of hydrogen
peroxide in the solution can be determined by making H2O2 react with an acidic solution of
potassium dichromate. The unbalanced equation for the reaction is

H2O2(aq) + Cr2O7-2(aq) + H+1(aq) à O2(g) + Cr+3(aq) + H2O

A 30.00 gram sample of the bleach solution needed 75.8 mL of 0.388 M K2Cr2O7 to react
completely with the bleach. Assuming no other compounds that react with K2Cr2O7 are in the
solution, what is the mass percent of the H2O2 in the bleach?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers

1. B 21. E
2. E 22. A
3. B 23. A
4. C 24. B
5. A 25. E
6. E 26. C
7. A 27. C
8. B 28. E
9. E 29. C
10. A 30. D
11. B 31. C
12. B 32. A
13. A 33. C
14. A 34. D
15. D 35. B
16. D 36. E
17. C 37. C
18. C
19. B
20. D
 Free Response

1. (a) O2 remains, 0.00755 moles

(b) Ptotal = 868 mmHg

(c) nwater vapor = 0.0116 moles

2. (a) CO more ideal molar volume because SO2 molecules are more polar and attracted to each
other.
(b) Raise the temperature and lower the pressure. Ideal behavior means gas particles are
widely separated and do not stick to each other. High temperature keeps
molecules moving fast with less chance to stick (collisions are more elastic) and
low pressure allows the particles to spread apart.

3. (a) Tank X because it contains the most particles.

(b) Tank Y because it contains the most SO2 particles.
(c) Tank Z because 1 mole SO2 has the same mass as 2 moles of O2 and 4 moles of CH4.
(d) Tank Y because everyone knows cones are heavier than squares.

4. Oxalic acid with a molar mass of about 90.0 g/mole

5. 10.0% peroxide by mass