Solar Water Distiller

A PROPOSED PROJECT OF A SOLAR WATER DISTILLER
FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES
A Research Project
Presented to the Faculty of
Senior High School
Bestlink College of the Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Strand
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
RESTY DE GUZMAN
KYLA MIA GILLANG
RHEYNER MAGNAYE
MARIELLE PATAUEG
ANTOINE MIGUEL VALERA
May 2022
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled A PROPOSED PROJECT OF A SOLAR
WATER DISTILLER FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES,
was prepared and submitted by Resty De Guzman, Kyla Mia Gillang,
Rheyner Magnaye, Marielle Pataueg, and Antoine Miguel Valera, in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand of Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics, has been examined and is recommended
for acceptance and approval for Oral Defense.
LEVI L. RODRIGUEZ, LPT

Adviser
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of 92%.
SONIA A. REYES, MS BIO RESTY V. MALDO, MAEd, LPT

Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the strand of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
ENGR. JOEL R. CAJIPE, LPT
Strand Head, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Date of Final Defense: May 16, 2022

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their heartfelt thanks
and gratitude to the following persons who, in one way or another, have
contributed much, and extended the willingness and support needed to
make this research possible:
Dr. Maria M. Vicente, President/CEO of Bestlink College of the
Philippines, for her generosity and kind heart in establishing this institution
and giving opportunities to those less fortunate students to continue their
studies and pursue their dreams;
Ms. Edith M. Vicente, Executive Vice President, for providing the
needed information to complete this research;
Dr. Charlie I. Cariño, Vice President for Academic Affairs, for his
support and encouragement to make this thesis writing possible;
Engr. Diosdado T. Lleno, Vice President for Administration and
Finance, for his words of encouragement and motivation;
Mr. Reynold R. Bangalisan, Senior High School Research Head,
for his good heart, to extend the help needed by the researchers;
Dr. Milagros O. Luang, Senior High School Principal, for his critical
appraisal and highly valuable suggestions that have aided in the process of this
research;
iv
Ms. Levi L. Rodriguez, thesis adviser, for his patient supervision
in guiding the researchers in the preparation of this manuscript;
Respondents, who cooperated and spent time answering
questionnaires, and made it possible to accomplish this research;
Families and Friends, for all the financial and moral support that
have enabled the researchers to triumph over all the challenges, especially
during the lowest time that served as their inspiration to complete this
study;
Panelists, Mr. Resty V. Maldo and Mrs. Sonia A. Reyes extended
their effort and time to be able to constructively criticize this thesis and
share their knowledge with them to deepen and widen their needed
information; and,
Above all, to the Almighty God, for the strength and knowledge that
were used for the accomplishment of this research journey.
The Researchers
v
DEDICATION
This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who
have been our source of inspiration and strength throughout this research.
Their continuous moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support to us has
helped us finish this research.
We also dedicate this research to the ALMIGHTY GOD, for His
guidance, provision, wisdom and knowledge, protection, and for giving us
a healthy life to be able to carry out this research. All of these, we offer for
the Glory of your Name.
And also, we dedicate this Ms. Levi L. Rodriguez, as our Research
adviser for her tremendous effort and patience to guide us throughout the
research and helped us to better understand the key points of this research.
Furthermore, to our classmates who shared their words of advice and
encouragement that helped us be motivated to finish this research.
Lastly, we dedicate this to the researchers for doing our best to
make it to the end and overcome all those difficulties and problems while
conducting this research.

vi
ABSTRACT
Title: A PROPOSED OF SOLAR WATER DISTILLER
FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Researchers: Resty De Guzman
Kyla Mia Gillang
Rheyner Magnaye
Marielle Pataueg
Antoine Miguel Valera
Strand: Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics
Date of Completion: May 2022
Solar Water Distillation is a method of evaporating water using solar
energy, with the condensate collected in the same closed system. Water
purification can be accomplished by a variety of methods, including
distillation. Solar radiation can be used to generate heat. This type still is a
passive solar distiller that only needs sunshine to operate. This type still is
a passive solar distiller that only needs sunshine to operate. Solar Water
Distiller or solar stills are usually used in remote areas where there is
limited access to freshwater. The study's primary focus is on coastal parts

vii
of the Philippines that lack safe and sustainable water sources, with
household water supplies for drinking and/or cooking coming from various
natural bodies of water such as seawater, rivers, springs, lakes, and so on.
Northern Samar, Sarangani, Lanao del Sur, Eastern Samar, Maguindanao,
Zamboanga del Norte, Negros Oriental, and Sultan Kudarat are the
provinces involved.
This study utilized the quantitative-experimental research method
of the study while utilizing purposive and snowball sampling. The statistical
treatment used for this study was a T-test to determine the difference
between the assessment of the two groups of respondents. Using the
questionnaire as the research instrument, the research survey was used to
assess the level of acceptability of the Solar Water Distiller in terms of the
construction materials, distilling mechanism, design and procedure, and
presentation by using statistical analysis. The respondents of the study are
5 Mechanical Engineers and 15 Mechanical Engineering Students. The
following procedures were undertaken in the process of developing the
model: Preparing the Floor plan with different dimensions, making the body
of the solar water distiller, putting water, placement in a sunny place, and
presenting and testing the project.
The result of the study in terms of construction materials, distilling
mechanism, design and procedure, and presentation are highly

viii
acceptable. The obtained overall mean of the Mechanical Engineers is 3.71
interpreted as Highly Acceptable. The obtained overall mean of the
Mechanical Engineering Student is 3.55 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
The t-computed was 1.1, and the t-critical was 2.45, the t-computed < t-
critical. It indicates that there is no significant difference between the
assessment of the two groups of respondents.
The study indicates that using the right materials can help the project
meet its goals, such as toughness and quality. It also shows that using the
right funds, processes, and the right floor layout can help the project
succeed. There are still some flaws in this study, including some
methodologies, materials, and designs, which could lead to further
research.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
DEDICATION v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES xv
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background Of The Study 1
Statement Of The Problem 3
Hypothesis 5
x
Scope And Delimitation Of The Study 5
Significance Of The Study 6
Definition Of Terms 8
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature 10
Local Literature 12
Foreign Studies 14
Local Studies 15
Synthesis 17
Theoretical Framework 19
Conceptual Framework 20
3 METHODOLOGIES
Research Design 23
Respondents Of The Study 24
Sampling Technique 24
Instrument Used 25
Validation Of The Instrument 26
Statistical Treatment Of Data 26
Construction Of Solar Water Distiller 28
Materials Used 30
Procedures 32
xi
4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
Sub-Problem No.1. 41
Sub-Problem No.3 61
Results And Discussions 64
5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary Of Findings 66
Conclusion 71
Recommendations 72
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
xii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Respondents of the Study 24
Table 2 Materials Used 31
Table 3 Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Gender 41
Table 4 Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Age 42
Table 5 Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Highest 43
Educational Attainment
Table 6 Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Board 44
Examination Passed
Table 7 Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Length 45
of Service
Table 8 Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Industrial 46
Experience
Table 9 Profile of the Mechanical Engineering Students 47
as to Gender
as to Age
as to Highest Educational Attainment

xiii
as to Length of Service
as to Industrial Experience
Table 14 Assessments as to Construction Materials 52
Table 15 Assessments as to Distilling Mechanism 54
Table 16 Assessments as to Design and Procedure 56
Table 17 Assessments as to Presentation 58
Table 18 Summary of the Assessment of the Two 60
Groups of Respondents
Table 19 Significant Difference between the Assessment 62
of the Two Groups of Respondents

xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework 22
Figure 2 Top View 33
Figure 3 Side View 33
Figure 4 Preparing 34
Figure 5 Marking 34
Figure 6 Cutting (Fiberglass) 35
Figure 7 Cutting (Pipe) 35
Figure 8 Adhesion 36
Figure 9 Sealing (Fiberglass) 36
Figure 10 Connecting Pipe 37
Figure 11 Sealing (Pipe) 37
Figure 12 Watering 38
Figure 13 Covering 38
Figure 14 Placing Under the Sun 39
Figure 15 Evaporating 39
Figure 16 Final Product 40

xv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Letter Permit to Conduct the Study
Appendix B Questionnaire
Appendix C Documentation
Appendix D Certificate Of Originality
Appendix E Certificate Of Statistician
Appendix F Certificate Of English Editing
Appendix G Statistician Curriculum Vitae
Appendix H Grammarian Curriculum Vitae
Appendix I Researcher's Curriculum Vitae

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter discusses the background of the study, statement of
the problem, hypothesis, scope and delimitation, significance of the study,
and the definition of terms.
Background of the Study
Solar Water Distillation is a method of evaporating water using solar
energy, with the condensate collected in the same closed system. Water
purification can be accomplished by a variety of methods, including
distillation. Solar radiation can be used to generate heat. This type still is a
passive solar distiller that only needs sunshine to operate. Solar Water
Distiller or solar stills are usually used in remote areas where there is
limited access to freshwater. Water is evaporated, separating water vapor
from dissolved substances, and then condensed as pure water in this
process. Water is heated to the point of evaporation by the sun's energy.
Water vapor rises as it evaporates, condensing back into the water as it
cools. Impurities such as salts and heavy metals are left behind, and
microbiological organisms are removed. Pure (potable) water is the result.
Water plays an important role in all of our everyday activities, and
its overall consumption is increasing every day as the world's living

2
standards rise. The world is expanding at a breakneck pace, with
population and technological advancements increasing by the day. Water
scarcity has become a key stumbling block in the development of many
parts of the world as a result of global warming, and the salinity of natural
drinkable resources has led us to develop smart desalination procedures
for coastal waters.
According to an article written by water.org, a study conducted in
October 2020 states that nearly 5 million people in the Philippines rely on
unsafe and unsustainable water sources and 9 million lack access to
improved sanitation. Because of its demand in daily life activities from
personal hygiene, sanitary services, laundry, drinking, etc., water
availability is still threatened by some major water sources problems:
increasing water demand due to drastic growth in population, water
resources pollution, droughts, and flooding and weak institutional
framework.
The study's primary focus is on coastal parts of the Philippines that
lack safe and sustainable water sources, with household water supplies for
drinking and/or cooking coming from various natural bodies of water such
as seawater, rivers, springs, lakes, and so on. Northern Samar, Sarangani,
Lanao del Sur, Eastern Samar, Maguindanao, Zamboanga del Norte,
Negros Oriental, and Sultan Kudarat are the provinces involved.

3
People and the environment will massively benefit from the Solar
Water Distiller. It will be an excellent answer to the problem of water
shortages and the requirement of accessibility of secure and sustainable
sources for drinking water. Solar water distillers are simple, low-cost
materials that provide alternative sources of freshwater in water-stressed
areas. They can be utilized at the household level as well as scaled-up
through programmatic initiatives for climate change adaptation and
mitigation.
Statement of the Problem
The goal of this research was to design and develop a model of a
Solar Water Distiller in the Philippines.
Specifically, this study seeks the answer to the following questions:
1. How may the Profile of two groups of the respondents be described
in terms of:
1.1. mechanical engineers
1.1.1 gender
1.1.2 age
1.1.3 highest educational attainment
1.1.4 board examination passed
1.1.5 length of service, and
1.1.6 industrial experience?

4
1.2. mechanical engineering students
1.2.1 gender
1.2.2 age
1.2.4 length of service, and
1.2.5 industrial experience?
2. How do the mechanical engineers and mechanical engineering
students assess the level of acceptability in constructing a Solar
Water Distiller in terms of:
2.1. construction materials
2.2. distilling mechanism
2.3. design and procedure, and
2.4. presentation?
3. Is there any significant difference between the assessment of
mechanical engineers and mechanical engineering students on the
level of acceptability of the Solar Water Distiller?
4. What are the problems encountered and the solutions made by the
researchers during the construction of the Solar Water Distiller?
5. Based on the findings of the study, what are the suggestions and
recommendations that mechanical engineers and mechanical
engineering students can propose to further improve the project?

5
Hypothesis
This study hypothesized that there is no significant difference
between Mechanical Engineers and Mechanical Engineering students on
the acceptability assessment of the Solar Water Distiller.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study limits its scope in the following ingredients and materials
used in making the solar water distiller, fiberglass, plastic sheet, container,
plastic pipes, silicone sealant, grinder, drill, and mighty band. This study
also limits with the following respondents which are 5 Mechanical
Engineers and 15 Mechanical Engineering Students.
The following were the procedures undertaken in the construction of
the Solar Water Distiller: the researchers gathered the materials and
components that will be used in the water distiller, cut the fabric glass
according to the amount of water that was required to be accommodated,
then create a box to act as your water distiller, seal it with a black silicone
sealer, drill a hole in the side, and then insert a plastic pipe to function as
a canal for the salty. After that, cover it with a plastic sheet and place a
water container on the side linked to your water distiller so that all of the
accumulated water goes there. When everything is ready, you can start
6
using it as a water distiller by placing it under the sun and filling it with water.
The water will evaporate and the evaporated water will be safe and clean
water. Then lastly, the products were subjected to a different test to retrieve
the required result.
Significance of the Study
This study will work as an advantage and is beneficial to the
following group of persons.
Residents of the Community. This research attempts to reduce
water stress and the health risks associated with contaminated drinking
water. For coastal populations who do not have access to clean and secure
water sources but do have access to other natural bodies of water. It will
be possible to promote an alternate method of producing a water distiller
that does not require power to operate, it can deliver safe drinking water
from saltwater using solar water distillation, and it can be employed at the
home level.
Industry. This research yields suggestions on how to improve the
water production industry's safe water production in areas with abundant
water supplies such as seas, lakes, rivers, and so on.
Student. This study could be used as a guide and reference for
students who are working on similar projects.

7
Teachers. This research will help them with talks about related
lessons. It will be simpler for them to address connected research issues.
Administrator. This study provides an opportunity for
administrators and strand heads to become even more acquainted with the
school's efficient utilization of a solar water distiller as an alternate method
of distilling water for deprived areas.
Water Distiller Companies. This will provide them with new ideas
for providing a low-cost, yet safe, source of drinking water for their
consumers.
Future Distiller Developer. This research will provide them with
further ideas for creating a better water distiller cost-effectively and simply
for the needy.
Future Researchers. This study could serve as a tool for future
researchers, allowing them to add information to what is missing in this and
on theirs.
Government. This study could serve as a step toward a solution for
the government in terms of giving the coastal areas safe clean drinking
water.
8
Definition of Terms
The terms used had been defined from the operational point of view
of the researcher to help the readers comprehend the study efficiently.
Gender. Refers to the sexual preference of the respondents of the
research
Age. Refers to the length of time that the respondents existed
Highest Educational attainment. Refers to the highest grade or
year completed in school, college, or university of the respondents'
Board Examination Passed. having received a passing grade on
an examination or test or completed a school course, year, or program of
study.
Length of service. The total time spent at a job during which a
worker(respondents) has been inactive services
Industrial Experience. Refers to the time that the respondents
have spent and knowledge gained from working in a particular industry or
sector of the economy.
Construction Materials. Any materials or equipment that was
bought and used by the researcher to construct a solar water distiller.
Distilling Mechanism. The underlying mechanism of distillation is
the difference in the volatility between individual components that the
respondents access.
9
Design and Procedure. A design is a plan or specification for the
construction of an object or system or the implementation of an activity or
process, or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype,
product, or process. And procedure on how the product was constructed.
Presentation. Refers to the outcome and how the product can be
done by the researchers.
Mechanical Engineer. Refers to the professional respondents of
this research that has knowledge and degree in machines.
Mechanical Engineering Students. Refers to the respondents of
this research that have the knowledge and are still studying machines.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter offers related literature and studies from both foreign
and local sources, as well as a state-of-the-art synthesis, gap-bridging
research, and theoretical framework words that are described theoretically
and operationally for clarity.
Foreign Literature
According to Abujazar et al. (2017), The productivity of a
solar still is influenced by ambient conditions (solar radiation, ambient
temperature, wind velocity), operating conditions (brine water depth, saline
concentration), and design conditions (cover angle, insulation). The
behavior of solar stills with different configurations and different working
conditions has been widely studied over the past few decades. Since the
distribution of solar radiation around the world is non-uniform, the
performance studies of solar still are required to be replicated under the
climatic condition of Bangladesh.
Water purification can be accomplished by a variety of methods,
including distillation. This necessitates a significant energy input, such as
heat; energy will be supplied through radiation. Solar distillation is a simple
and clean process that may be used to convert brackish/polluted water into
11
drinking water while also reducing the need for fossil fuels that currently
occur with large-scale desalination technologies. The ability to anticipate
solar still performance using long-term daily fluctuating solar irradiance, air
temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and cloud cover data should help
with solar distillation facility sizing. This could help determine the
appropriate degree of expenditure required to generate the appropriate
amount of drinkable water for individuals or a community.
According to Badran, (2017), The study of theoretically the most
important factors related to improving the productivity of solar still validates
the experimental and theoretical results for validation. Depending on the
following factors: solar radiation intensity, total heat loss coefficient,
transmissivity, and efficacious absorptivity, the difference between external
cover temperatures, water speed, and wind, and the influence of changing
the thickness of the insulation of 1, 2.5, and 5 cm, evaluate the performance
of the single-slope solar still associated with the solar collector. External
conditions affect the overall productivity of solar distillation as they increase
by increasing the temperature of the basin water, utilizing the latent heat to
increase distillation, as well as increasing the difference between the
temperature of condensation surface and evaporation.
Solar stills are designed to meet the needs of water, whether for a
family, a society, or an entire town. With a few stones, a clear plastic sheet
12
or glass, and a condensate container, rudimentary solar still can be
created. Solar energy heats water till evaporation occurs. Water vapor
gathers on the inner surface of the glass as water evaporates, resulting in
water that is cleaner than rainwater. Impurities of any kind can be removed
with solar stills.
Local Literature
According to Johnston (2021), When compared to fossil fuels, solar
energy has a much lower environmental impact. Because the system does
not require fuel combustion, its greenhouse gas emissions are negligible.
Because the sun shines all over the world, every country can produce
energy providing for greater energy independence and security. Solar
energy promises to bring national security and independence, solar panels
can also be installed on individual residences, giving power that is not
dependent on being connected to a bigger electrical grid.
Solar energy is a renewable and clean source of energy. Solar
energy can be produced for free after a solar panel is installed. Solar
energy will last indefinitely whereas world oil reserves are expected to last
for 30 to 40 years. Solar energy also does not pollute the environment. It's
a complete waste of time. Solar cells require very little maintenance to keep
them going. Due to the quantity of free energy a solar panel may create, it
13
is anticipated that the average family will receive 50% of its energy from
solar panels in the long term.
Solar distillation removes contaminants from water using heat,
making it generally safe to drink. Instead of using machines or fire to
generate heat and pressure, you use sunshine and a basic solar still to
keep enough heat to make clean water vapor. The water vapor is then
collected by the solar still and condensed back into liquid form. (Ultimate
Guide To Solar Water Distillers: How To Make A Solar Still 101, 2021)
Distilled water is steam that has been cooled and restored to a liquid
state from boiling water. Some individuals believe that distilled water is the
purest water available. Minerals, germs, pesticides, and other
contaminants may be present in any water, whether it comes from a natural
spring, an artesian well, or a conventional tap. By collecting steam from
boiling water, salts, minerals, and other organic elements are removed. It
is safe to drink distilled water. However, you'll most likely find it flat or
tasteless. This is due to the removal of key minerals such as calcium, salt,
and magnesium, which give tap water its distinctive flavor. All that is left is
hydrogen and oxygen.

14
Foreign Studies
Solar Distillation is gradually becoming the most widely used direct
process; it has a simple structure, easy and flexible operation, and low
consumption of conventional energy. It boasts technical and economic
competitiveness and is accessible to remote coastal areas with high solar
irradiance and limited primary energy supply. (Chen et al., 2019)
Desalination systems based on renewable energy are emerging as
a promising option as fresh and abundant water supplies become
increasingly rare. a long-term alternative One such technology that has
recently gotten a lot of interest is solar still. Water plays a significant role in
our daily lives and is essential to our survival. A crucial foundation for
human economic and social health development
According to Malaeb et al., (2019) Solar experiments were
conducted during sunshine hours to examine the synergistic effect of solar
radiation and solar heating. Results showed that subjecting the stills to
solar radiation could eliminate bacteria in both the distillate and the basin
water. This observation was true even when water temperatures did not
rise to significant inactivation temperatures.
The importance of fresh water in daily living cannot be overstated.
The most serious problem is a chronic lack of potable water. Critical issues
in impoverished countries, including the use of tainted water for survival,

15
cause damage to one's health Because of this, the amount of drinking
water available per capita is decreasing. The population is increasing.
Borewells, rainwater, and river or lake water are all conceivable water
sources. For human consumption, however, surface water must be filtered.
This may necessitate the removal of substances that aren't dissolved,
dissolved substances, and dangerous microorganisms Filtering using is a
popular strategy. Sand eliminates only undissolved matter, whereas
chlorination and boiling kill only hazardous bacteria. All three functions are
carried out via solar distillation.
Local Studies
Many studies have been conducted on the right selection of design and
operating parameters that affect the performance of a basin-type solar still.
The goal of this experiment was to enhance design factors including
condensing glass surface area, inlet brine water temperature, incident sun
intensity rate, and the distance between basin water and glass. The solar still's
condensation area was enhanced thanks to the pyramid glass cover. The input
brine water was preheated using the little solar pond, and the two external
reflectors reflected more solar energy into the still. The stepped basin had a
smaller space between the basin water and the glass. The results indicated
that the daily productivity increased in the mini solar pond integrated with the
stepped basin solar still having mirrors. The productivity of the modified solar
16
still was 4,920 mL per day, which was 66.2% higher than the conventional
solar still. (Appadurai & Velmurugan, 2020)
Solar stills are occasionally utilized in underdeveloped countries for
longer periods. Settings in the real world They do, however, create a little
amount of pure water. Where the source water is saline or brackish, and
even lesser amounts. The ability to assemble a solar still is a useful survival
skill. In the event of a disaster, it might provide a crucial source of drinking
water. There is an emergency in the wilderness. Water may be extracted
from the air using solar stills. However, water can be used to increase the
quantity of moisture available to a solar still. (fresh or saline) can be added
within the still or along the borders.
Solar distillation differs from other forms of desalination that are
more energy-intensive, such as methods such as reverse osmosis, or
simply boiling water due to its use of free energy. A very common and, by
far, the largest example of solar distillation is the natural water cycle that
the Earth experiences (Freak, 2019).
Solar stills are used to desalinate saline water via solar distillation.
Using a basic solar still, you can easily create the water you need for
drinking and cooking. Homes that do not have access to safe drinking water
Distilled water can also be used in the manufacturing industry. Because it

17
is cleaner, it can be used for a variety of reasons. It provides simple
technology that non-skilled workers can use.
Synthesis
In Foreign Literature, The productivity of a solar still is influenced by
ambient conditions (solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind velocity),
operating conditions (brine water depth, saline concentration), and design
conditions (cover angle, insulation). The behavior of solar stills with
different configurations and different working conditions has been widely
studied over the past few decades. (Abujazar et al, 2017). Also, Badran
(2017), Emphasize that the most important factors related to improving the
productivity of solar still validate the experimental and theoretical results
for validation External conditions affect the overall productivity of solar
distillation as they increase by increasing the temperature of the basin
water, utilizing the latent heat to increase distillation, as well as increasing
the difference between the temperature of condensation surface and
evaporation.
In Local literature, According to Johnston (2021), When compared
to fossil fuels, solar energy has a much lower environmental impact.
Because the system does not require any fuel combustion, its greenhouse
gas emissions are negligible. Because the sun shines all over the world,
every country can produce energy, providing for greater energy

18
independence and security. Also, Solar distillation removes contaminants
from water using heat, making it generally safe to drink. Instead of using
machines or fire to generate heat and pressure, you use sunshine and a
basic solar still to keep enough heat in to make clean water vapor. The
water vapor is then collected by the solar still and condensed back into
liquid form. (Ultimate Guide To Solar Water Distillers: How To Make A
Solar Still 101, 2021)
Foreign Studies from Chen et al. (2019), state that the Solar
Distillation is gradually becoming the most widely used direct process; it
has a simple structure, easy and flexible operation, and low consumption
of conventional energy. It boasts technical and economic competitiveness
and is accessible to remote coastal areas with high solar irradiance and
limited primary energy supply. Also, Results showed that subjecting the
stills to solar radiation could eliminate bacteria in both the distillate and the
basin water. This observation was true even when water temperatures did
not rise to significant inactivation temperatures. (Malaeb et al. 2019)
Local Studies from Appadurai & Velmurugan (2020), state that
many studies have been conducted on the right selection of design and
operating parameters that affect the performance of a basin-type solar still.
The goal of this experiment was to enhance design factors including
condensing glass surface area, inlet brine water temperature, incident sun
19
intensity rate, and the distance between basin water and glass. Also, Freak
(2019), says that Solar distillation differs from other forms of desalination
that are more energy-intensive, such as methods such as reverse osmosis,
or simply boiling water due to its use of free energy. A very common and,
by far, the largest example of solar distillation is the natural water cycle that
the Earth experiences.
The related literature and studies both serve as references for
developing the solar water distiller. It will also help us prove that a solar
water distiller can save us from clean water scarcity at the same time as a
kind of solution that is not expensive. These literature and studies aid in the
betterment of our daily lives and spread knowledge that should be shared
with the rest of the world to live more efficiently and intelligently.
Theoretical Framework
Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1943) entitled “A Theory of Human
Motivation” states that five categories of human needs dictate an
individual’s behavior. Those needs are physiological, safety needs, love
and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Clean
and Safe drinking water is a part of number one and most needed which is
Physiological needs. Household water is an essential component of
human existence and advancement that is intimately linked to people's
everyday activities. Water for drinking, cooking, washing, bathing, laundry,

20
and home cleaning is the key categories of water used by residential
homes. Through the support of the law in the physiological needs of the
Filipinos, the Philippine Clean Water Act was created in 2004 to protect
water bodies from contamination and monitor their safety.
This theory relates to the present study in terms of the importance
of clean drinking water in our daily lives which is the main reason for this
study.
Conceptual Framework
This study has made use of the Input – Process – Output (IPO)
model as a system of the conceptual model of the study.
According to Regoniel (2015), a conceptual framework represents
the researcher’s synthesis of the literature on how to explain a
phenomenon. It maps out the actions required in the course of the study
given his previous knowledge of other researchers’ points of view and his
observations on the subject of research.
Figure 1 shows that the input of this study consists of five (5)
Mechanical Engineers as the respondents of the study; their profile as to
gender, age, highest educational attainment, board examination passed,
length of service, and industrial experience; and fifteen (15) Mechanical
Engineering Students as the respondents of the study; their profile as to

21
gender, age, highest educational attainment, length of service, and
industrial experience; the materials used such as fiberglass, plastic sheet,
container, plastic pipes, silicone sealant, grinder, drill, mighty band; a
collection of related literature and studies; guided with the theory of
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs; and construction of the questionnaire.
The process of the study along with the Assessment of Solar Water
Distiller in terms of Construction Materials, Distilling Mechanism, Design,
and Procedure, and Presentation; Difference between Mechanical
Engineers and Mechanical Engineering students on the acceptability
assessment of the Solar Water Distiller; also with the significant difference
between and among the structures of water distillers given that it has
different treatments.
The output of this study was the developed Solar Water Distiller
22
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Figure 1: Conceptual framework

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter explains the research methodologies that will be used
by the researcher to perform the study, including the research design, study
population, research instrument development, validity, and reliability
testing, data collection techniques, and suitable statistical treatment of
data.
Research Design
This study utilized the quantitative-experimental research method of
the study.
Quantitative-experimental research encompasses a range of
methods concerned with the systematic investigation of social phenomena,
using statistical or numerical data. Therefore, quantitative research
involves measurement and assumes that the phenomena under study can
be measured. It sets out to analyze data for trends and relationships and
to verify the measurements made. (Watson, 2015)
The research design of this study used a quantitative-experimental
research method to help formulate the hypothesis testing of the Solar
Water Distiller if there is a significant difference between the two groups of
respondents' assessments on the level of acceptability of the Solar Water

24
Distiller in terms of the construction materials, distilling mechanism, design
and procedure, and presentation by using statistical analysis.
Respondents of the Study
This study presents the respondents of the study as shown in the
table below.
TABLE 1
Respondent of the Study
Respondents Frequency Percentage
Mechanical Engineers 5 25 %
Mechanical Engineering Students 15 75 %
TOTAL 20 100 %
Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the two groups of
respondents. It is shown in Table 1 that 5 or 25% of the respondents were
Mechanical Engineers and 15 or 75% were Mechanical Engineering
Students.
Sampling Technique
Purposive sampling techniques were utilized in this study.
According to Frey (2018), Snowball sampling is a sampling method
used by researchers to generate a pool of participants for a research study

25
through referrals made by individuals who share a particular characteristic
of research interest with the target population. It is also referred to as chain
sampling or chain referral sampling. Purposive sampling was used in this
study, with a total of twenty (20) samples collected from five (5)
professional Mechanical Engineers and fifteen (15) Mechanical
Engineering students who answered the instrument.
Instrument Used
The instrument utilized in this study was a questionnaire
Part 1 of the questionnaire includes the profile and description of the
respondents in terms of gender, age, year and course, highest educational
attainment, board examination passed (for mechanical engineers), length
of service, and industrial experience. Part 2 of the questionnaire contains
the criteria for determining the level of acceptability in building a Solar
Water Distiller in terms of construction materials, distilling mechanism,
design and procedure, and presentation. Part 3 of the questionnaire is the
final section, which includes the two groups' suggestions and
recommendations for improvement projects.

26
Validation of the Instrument
The instrument used was validated by the research adviser and
grammarian before the distribution of the questionnaire to the respondents.
The questionnaire was pre-tested by the leaders of STEM 1204 following
some existing technical errors of the instrument. After validation, the pre-
existing data are ready for distribution.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following tools were utilized in this study.
1. Relative Frequency. It was used to determine the number of certain
times a certain response occurs.
2. Percentage. A Percentage is a part of a whole. It can take on values
between 0 (none of the whole respondents) and 100 (all of the whole
respondents. The whole is called the base. The base must ALWAYS
be reported whenever a percentage is determined (Thomas 2010)
𝑓
P(%) = 𝑥100
𝑁
Where:
P(%) = Percentage
f = Frequency
N = Population
100 = Constant
27
3. Weighted Mean is used to assess the Solar Water Distiller
Miniature in terms of the construction materials, distilling
mechanism, design and procedure, and presentation.
∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑥̄ =
∑ 𝑛
Where:
𝑥̄ = computed mean
∑ 𝑓𝑥 = the sum of the product of the frequency and
assigned point
∑ 𝑛 = the total number of respondents
4. t-test. is used to test the significant difference between the
assessment of the two respondents in terms of the construction
materials, distilling mechanism, design and procedure, and
presentation.
(𝑥̄ 1 − 𝑥̄ 2 )
𝑡=
(𝑆1 )2 (𝑆2 )2
√ +
𝑛1 𝑛2
Where:
t = t- computed value
28
𝑥̄ 1 = mean of the Mechanical Engineers
𝑥̄ 2 = mean of the Mechanical Engineering Students
𝑆1 = variance of the Mechanical Engineers
𝑆2 = variance of the Mechanical Engineering Students
𝑛1 = sample number 1
𝑛2 = sample number 2
The Likert scale shown below was utilized in this study to determine the
weighted mean of the assessment made by 2 groups of respondents.
Rating Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation Symbol
5 4.50-5.00 Very Highly Acceptable VHA
4 3.50-4.49 Highly Acceptable HA
3 2.50-3.49 Acceptable A
2 1.50-2.49 Moderately Acceptable MA
1 1.00-1.49 Least Acceptable LA

Level Of Significance at a=0.05
Degree of Freedom: df = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 – 2
Construction of Solar Water Distiller
1. Prepare the Floor plan with different dimensions
2. Prepare all the materials needed

29
3. Mark the Fabric glasses according to the cutting list.
4. Cut the fabric glasses for the solar water distiller's foundation into 26
(Long) x 16 (Width) inch rectangles.
For the side: 26 (Long) x 7 (Depth) x 4 (Depth) inches
For the front: 4(D) x 16(W)
For the back: 7(D) x 16 (W)
5. Cut the orange pipe in half
6. Using a mighty bond, attach the fabric glasses and wait for them to
dry completely.
7. Seal the solar water distiller with the use of silicone sealant
8. Connect the half orange pipe to the solar water distiller's front side.
9. Using a drill, drill a hole into the side. Fill the hole with an elbow pipe
and seal it.
10. Put salt water inside
11. Cover the top with a plastic sheet.
12. Place the solar water distiller in a sunny place
13. Wait for the evaporated water to travel down the pipe and into the
container.
14. Present and test the project

30
Materials Used
The table below is the essentials of the material to establish a Solar
Water Distiller.
Table 2 shows the materials used in establishing a water distiller.
Quantity shows the exact number of details needed. Descriptions are the
necessary materials that are used in building the Solar Water Distiller, while
the picture is the illustration of the specific materials. Unit price is the value
of each material and total is the overall expenses needed for the materials
needed in the project. The materials used in the study were fabric glasses
(Php 350.00), 1 poly pipe ½ (Php 115.00), 1 silicone sealant (Php 185.00),
1 PVC elbow ½ (Php 12.00), 1 PVC pipe 2 (Php 135.00), 2 Mighty bonds
(Php 70.00), Plastic sheets (Php 20.00) Water container (provided),
Grinder (provided), and drill (provided).

31
TABLE 2
Materials Used
Quantity Items Image Unit Price Total
2 sq. Fiberglass 175.00 350.00
1 pc. poly pipe ½ 115.00 115.00
silicone
1 pc. 185.00 185.00
sealant
PVC elbow
1 pc. 12.00 12.00
½
1 pc. PVC pipe 2 135.00 135.00

32
2 pcs. Mighty bond 35.00 70.00
Plastic
1 yd. 20.00 20.00
Sheets
Water
1 pc. 280.00 280.00
Container
1 set Grinder 3,000.00 3,000.00
1 set Drill 2,500.00 2,500.00
TOTAL 6,667.00
33
Procedures
1. Prepare the Floor plan with different dimensions
Figure 2: TOP VIEW
Figure 3: SIDE VIEW

34
2. Prepare all the materials needed
Figure 4: Preparing
3. Mark the Fabric glasses according to the cutting list.
Figure 5: Marking
35
4. Cut the fabric glasses for the solar water distiller's foundation into 26
(Long) x 16 (Width) inch rectangles. For the side: 26 (Long) x 7
(Depth) x 4 (Depth) inches
For the front: 4(D) x 16(W), For the back: 7(D) x 16 (W)
Figure 6: Cutting (Fiberglass)
5. Cut the orange pipe in half
Figure 7: Cutting (Pipe)

36
6. Using a mighty bond, attach the fabric glasses and wait for them to
dry completely.
Figure 8: Adhesion
7. Seal the solar water distiller with the use of silicone sealant
Figure 9: Sealing (fiberglass)

37
8. Connect the half orange pipe to the solar water distiller's front side.
Figure 10: Connecting Pipe
9. Using a drill, drill a hole into the side. Fill the hole with an elbow pipe
and seal it.
Figure 11: Sealing (pipe)

38
10. Put salt water inside
Figure 12: Watering
11. Cover the top with a plastic sheet.
Figure 13: Covering

39
12. Place the solar water distiller in a sunny place
Figure 14: Placing under the Sun
13. Wait for the evaporated water to travel down the pipe and into the
container.
Figure 15: Evaporating

40
14. Present and test the project
Figure 16: Final Product

Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
This chapter presents the tables that answer the statement of the
problem. This also presents the analysis and interpretation of the gathered
data.
Sub-problem No.1. How may the profile of two groups of the
respondents be described in terms of:
1.1 mechanical engineers
1.1.1 gender
TABLE 3
Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Gender
Mechanical Engineers
Gender
Frequency Percent
Male 4 80 %
Female 1 20 %
Total 5 100 %
42
Table 3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution profile of
the respondents as to gender. The quantity of the Mechanical Engineers, there
are 4 (80%) male Mechanical Engineers and 1 (20%) female Mechanical
Engineers, and a total of 5 (100%) Professional Mechanical Engineers.
1.1.2 age
TABLE 4
Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Age
Age
Frequency Percent
18 years below 0 0%
18 – 25 years 1 20 %
26 – 35 years 3 60 %
36 – 45 years 1 20 %
46 and above 0 0%
Total 5 100 %
the respondents as to Age. The ages of the mechanical engineers who
participated in the survey are one 18-25 years old with a percentage of 20 and
three 26-35 years old with a percentage of 60 and one 36-45 years old with a
percentage of 20 and the total is 5 Mechanical Engineers or 100%.

43
TABLE 5
Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Highest Educational
Attainment
Highest Educational
Attainment
Frequency Percent
Doctor of Education
0 0%
(Ed. D)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D) 0 0%
Units in Doctoral Degree

0 0%
Programmed
Master of Arts 1 20 %
Units in Master of Arts Degree 0 0%
Bachelor of Science 4 80 %
Undergraduate 0 0%
Total 5 100 %
the respondents as to the highest educational attainment. The highest
educational attainment of the mechanical engineers who participated in the
survey are consisting of 1 master of arts with a percentage of 20 and 4

44
bachelors of science with a percentage of 80 with a total of 5 Mechanical
Engineers percentage of 100
1.1.4 board examination passed
TABLE 6
Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Board Examination Passed
Board Examination Passed
Frequency Percent
Licensure Examination for

0 0%
Teachers(LET)
Civil Service Examination (CSE) 0 0%
Civil Engineering Licensure Exam 0 0%
Mechanical Engineering Licensure

5 100 %
Exam
Total 5 100 %
Table 6 presents the profile of respondents as to the board examination
passed. There are 5 Mechanical Engineers who have taken a Mechanical
Engineering Licensure Exam or 100 in percentage with a total of 5 in frequency
and 100 in percent.

45
1.1.5 length of service
TABLE 7
Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Length of Service
Length of Service
Frequency Percent
5 years and below 3 60 %
6 to 10 years and above 1 20 %
10 to 15 years and above 1 20 %
15 to 20 years and above 0 0%
20 to 25 years 0 0%
25 to 30 years 0 0%
Total 5 100 %
Table 7 presents the profile of respondents as to Length of Service. In
Mechanical Engineer has been in service for 5years and below with 3 in
frequency and 60 in percent, and 6 to 10 years and above with 1 in frequency

46
and 20 in percent, and 10 to 15 years and above with 1 in frequency and 20
in percent, with a total of 5 in frequency and 100 in percent.
1.1.6 industrial experience
TABLE 8
Profile of the Mechanical Engineers as to Industrial Experience
Industrial Experience
Frequency Percent
Manufacturing 0 0%
Science 0 0%
Engineering 5 100 %
Technology 0 0%
Total 5 100 %
Table 8 presents the profile of respondents as to Industrial Experience.
Mechanical Engineers have an Engineering Industrial Experience with 5 in
frequency and 100 in percent, with a total of 5 in frequency and 100 in percent.
47
1.2 mechanical engineering students
1.2.1 gender
TABLE 9
Profile of the Mechanical Engineering Students as to Gender
Mechanical Engineering
Gender Students
Frequency Percent
Male 10 66.67 %
Female 5 33.33 %
Total 15 100 %
the respondents as to gender. The quantity of the Mechanical Engineering
Students, there are 10 (66.67%) male Mechanical Engineering Students and
5 (33.33%) female Professional Mechanical Engineers, and a total of 15
(100%) Mechanical Engineering Students.

48
1.2.2 age
TABLE 10
Profile of the Mechanical Engineering Students as to Age
Mechanical Engineering Students

Age
Frequency Percent
18 years below 0 0%
18 – 25 years 15 100 %
26 – 35 years 0 0%
36 – 45 years 0 0%
46 and above 0 0%
Total 15 100 %
the respondents as to Age. The ages of the mechanical engineering students
who participated in the survey are all 18-25 years with a total of 100%.
49
TABLE 11
Profile of the Mechanical Engineering Students as to Highest
Educational Attainment
Highest Educational Students
Attainment
Frequency Percent
Doctor of Education
0 0%
(Ed. D)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D) 0 0%
Units in Doctoral Degree
0 0%
Program
Master of Arts 0 0%
Units in Master of Arts
0 0%
Degree
Bachelor of Science 8 53.33 %
Undergraduate 7 46.67 %
Total 15 100 %
the respondents as to the highest educational attainment. The highest
educational attainment of the mechanical engineering students who
participated in the survey consists of 8 Bachelors of Science with a percentage

50
of 53.33 and 7 of them are undergraduate with a percentage of 46.67 with a
total percentage of 100.
1.2.4 length of service
TABLE 12
Profile of the Mechanical Engineering Students as to Length of
Service
Length of Service Students
Frequency Percent
Not Yet (Student) 8 53.33 %
5 years and below 7 46.67 %
20 to 25 years 0 0%
25 to 30 years 0 0%
Total 15 100 %
Table 12 presents the profile of respondents as to Length of Service.
In Mechanical Engineering Students have Not Yet Taken (Students) with 8 in
frequency and 53.33 in percent, and 5years and below with 7 in frequency and
46.67 in percent, with a total of 15 in frequency and 100 in percent.

51
1.2.5 industrial experience
TABLE 13
Profile of the Mechanical Engineering Students as to Industrial
Experience
Industrial Experience Students
Frequency Percent
Not Yet (student) 8 53.33 %
Manufacturing 0 0%
Science 0 0%
Engineering 7 46.67 %
Technology 0 0%
Total 15 100 %
Table 13 presents the profile of respondents as to Industrial
Experience. In Mechanical Engineering Students have Not yet (student) with
8 in frequency and 53.33% in percent, and have an Engineering with 7 in
frequency and 46.67% in percent, with a total 15 in frequency and 100 in
percentage.
52
Sub-problem No.2. How do the Mechanical Engineers and
Mechanical Engineering students assess the level of acceptability in
constructing a Solar Water Distiller in terms of:
2.1 Construction materials
TABLE 14
Assessments as to Construction materials
Mechanical Mechanical
Indicators Engineers Engineering Students
𝑥̄ 1 V.I 𝑥̄ 2 V.I
Materials are durable 3.2 A 3.8 HA

Materials used are
appropriate to their 3.6 HA 3.73 HA
task
Materials can be
4.2 HA 3.6 HA
operated easily
Materials used are
3.6 HA 3.73 HA
economically-cost
Materials are
available in the 4.6 VHA 3.53 HA
market
Composite
3.84 HA 3.68 HA
Weighted Mean
LEGENDS:
53
4.50-5.00 Very Highly Acceptable VHA
3.50-4.49 Highly Acceptable HA
2.50-3.49 Acceptable A
1.50-2.49 Moderately Acceptable MA
1.00-1.49 Least Acceptable LA
Table 14 presents the summary of the assessment of the group of
respondents who obtained a composite weighted mean of 3.84 as Highly
Acceptable in response to Mechanical Engineers and 3.68 as Highly
Acceptable in response to Mechanical Engineering Students. In terms of
Materials being durable, Mechanical Engineers got 3.2 was interpreted as
Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.8 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable. In terms of materials used that are appropriate to their
task, Mechanical Engineers got 3.6 interpreted as Highly Acceptable and
Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.73 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable. In terms of Materials that can be operated easily, Mechanical
Engineers got 4.2 interpreted as Highly Acceptable and Mechanical
Engineering Students got 3.6 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of
Materials used are economically cost, Mechanical Engineers got 3.6
interpreted as Highly Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering Students got
3.73 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. Lastly, In terms of Materials
available in the market, Mechanical Engineers got 4.6 interpreted as Very

54
Highly Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.53
interpreted as Highly Acceptable.
2.2 Distilling Mechanism
TABLE 15
Assessments as to Distilling Mechanism
Engineers Engineering Students
Indicators
𝑥̄ 1 V.I 𝑥̄ 2 V.I
Capability of the
mechanism to 3.4 A 3.53 HA
operate
The durability of the

3.6 HA 3.4 A
engineered system
Functionality of the
solar water distiller
3.2 A 3.46 A
mechanism when
operated
Distilling speed of
the mechanism
3.0 A 3.13 A
when being
exposed to the sun
Assurance of the
clean water
3.0 A 3.33 A
provided by the
distiller
Composite
3.24 A 3.37 A
Weighted Mean
55
respondents who obtained a composite weighted mean of 3.24 as
Acceptable in response to Mechanical Engineers and 3.37 as Acceptable
in response to Mechanical Engineering Students. In terms of the Capability
of the mechanism to operate, Mechanical Engineers got 3.4 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable. In terms of Durability of the engineered system,
Mechanical Engineers got 3.6 interpreted as Highly Acceptable and
Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.4 interpreted as Acceptable. In
terms of Functionality of the solar water distiller mechanism when operated,
Mechanical Engineers got 3.2 interpreted as Acceptable and Mechanical
Engineering Students got 3.46 interpreted as Acceptable. In terms of the
Distilling speed of the mechanism when being exposed to the sun,
Mechanical Engineers got 3.0 interpreted as Acceptable and Mechanical
Engineering Students got 3.13 interpreted as Acceptable. Lastly, In terms
of Assurance of the clean water provided by the distiller, Mechanical
Engineers got 3.0 interpreted as Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering
Students got 3.33 interpreted as Acceptable.

56
2.3 Design and Procedure
TABLE 16
Assessments as to Design and Procedure
Indicators
𝑥̄ 1 V.I 𝑥̄ 2 V.I
The design is well

4.2 HA 3.6 HA
structured
The procedure can

4.0 HA 3.4 A
be done easily
Utilization of
4.0 HA 3.66 HA
Materials
Accuracy in
3.4 A 3.53 HA
Measurement
Design and
measurements
from the floor plan
4.0 HA 3.53 HA
were accurately
scaled and
followed.
Composite
3.92 HA 3.54 HA
Weighted Mean
57
The design is well structured, Mechanical Engineers got 4.2 interpreted as
Highly Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.6
interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of The procedure that can be
done easily, Mechanical Engineers got 4.0 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable. In terms of Utilization of Materials, Mechanical Engineers got
4.0 interpreted as Highly Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering Students
got 3.66 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of Accuracy in
Measurement, Mechanical Engineers got 3.4 interpreted as Acceptable
and Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.53 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable. Lastly, In terms of Design and measurements from the floor
plan were accurately scaled and followed, Mechanical Engineers got 4.0
3.53 interpreted as Highly Acceptable.

58
2.4 Presentation
TABLE 17
Assessments as to Presentation
Indicators
𝑥̄ 1 V.I 𝑥̄ 2 V.I
Appropriately
3.6 HA 3.53 HA
finished
Neatness 4.0 HA 3.8 HA
Attention to detail 3.8 HA 3.46 A
Measurement and
sizes are 3.8 HA 3.33 A
equilibrium
Simplicity 4.0 HA 3.86 HA
Composite
3.84 HA 3.6 HA
Weighted Mean
59
Appropriately finished, Mechanical Engineers got 3.6 interpreted as Highly
Highly Acceptable. In terms of Neatness, Mechanical Engineers got 4.0
3.8 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of Attention to detail,
terms of Measurement and sizes are equilibrium, Mechanical Engineers
got 3.8 interpreted as Highly Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering
Students got 3.33 interpreted as Acceptable. Lastly, In terms of Simplicity,
Mechanical Engineers got 4.0 interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable and
Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.86 interpreted as Highly
Acceptable.
60
TABLE 18
Summary on the Assessment of the Two Groups of Respondents
VARIABLES
𝑥̄ 1 V.I 𝑥̄ 2 V.I
Construction Materials 3.84 HA 3.6 HA
Distilling Mechanism 3.24 A 3.37 A
Design and Procedure 3.92 HA 3.54 HA
Presentation 3.84 HA 3.6 HA
Overall Weighted
3.71 HA 3.55 HA
Mean
Table 18 shows the mean and the verbal interpretation of the
Summary on the Assessment of the Two Groups of Respondents. As
observed by the two groups of respondents it obtained an overall weighted
mean of 3.71 interpreted as highly acceptable in Mechanical Engineers,
and 3.55 interpreted as highly acceptable in Mechanical Engineering
Students. In terms of Construction Materials, Mechanical Engineers got

61
3.84 interpreted as Highly Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering
Students got 3.6 interpreted as Highly Acceptable. In terms of Distilling
Mechanism, Mechanical Engineers got 3.24 interpreted as Acceptable and
terms of Design and Procedure, Mechanical Engineers got 3.92 interpreted
as Highly Acceptable and Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.54
interpreted as Highly Acceptable. And lastly, In terms of Presentation,
Mechanical Engineering Students got 3.6 interpreted as Acceptable.
Sub-problem No.3. Is there any significant difference between the
assessment of mechanical engineers and mechanical engineering
students on the level of acceptability of the Solar Water Distiller?

62
TABLE 19
Significant Difference between the Assessment of the Two
Groups of Respondents
t-
Overall critical
t-
Respondents Weighted Variance a= Remarks
computed
Mean 0.05
df= 6
Mechanical
3.71 0.0747
Engineers
Accept
1.1 2.45
Mechanical 𝐻0
Engineering 3.55 0.01297
Students
Table 19 presents the significant difference between the
assessment of the two groups of respondents. The obtained overall mean
of the Mechanical Engineers is 3.71 with the variance of 0.0747, a t-
computed of 1.1, a degree of freedom of 6 with the value of 2.45, and the
t-computed < t-critical, therefore the assessment of the
Mechanical Engineers are accepted. The obtained overall mean of the
Mechanical Engineering Student is 3.55 with the variance of 0.01297, a t-
computed of 1.1, a degree of freedom of 6 with the value of 2.45, the t-
computed < t-critical, therefore the assessment of the Mechanical
Engineering Students are accepted. There is no significant difference

63
between the assessment of the groups of respondents as to construction
materials, distilling mechanism, design and procedure, and presentation.
Sub-problem No.4. What are the problems encountered and the
solutions made by the researchers during the construction of the Solar
Water Distiller?
4.1 Money is the main problem encountered by the researchers in
constructing the solar water distiller because some of the materials are
quite expensive and cannot be bought in retail. The solution that we use is
to find and buy some retail materials from the neighbors who have extra.
4.2 Time management was one of the problems encountered
because each researcher has individual responsibilities to be taken care of
at home. But we find ways by communicating with each other and asking
about the common free time that every researcher has.
4.3 There is also a problem with the operation of the solar water
distiller especially when it is not sunny and when it is cloudy. We wait until
sunny for us to examine our product.
4.4 There is difficulty in finding the respondents of the research. We
tried our best by asking common friends also their friends if they are
acquainted with those respondents that we need.

64
Sub-problem No.5. Based on the findings of the study, what are
the suggestions and recommendations that Mechanical Engineers can be
proposed to further, improve the project?
5.1 They recommend adding an artificial evaporator, UV light, and
water filter, and also using a solar panel partnered with a rechargeable
battery for it to function even if there is not enough sunlight or in the
evening.
5.2 Have more economical materials that can produce clean water
at a low-cost price to distribute the product at ease.
5.3 Use a water filter for distillation to make sure that the water that
your project will produce is safe for drinking/cooking.
5.4 They suggest having more inclination for the plastic so that the
water will fall faster to the pipe.
5.5 You can put some stands to your product, also to ensure that
water droplets enter the pipe smoothly, try utilizing fiberglass in exchange
of plastic.
Results and Discussions
The results of the study in terms of Construction Materials, Distilling
Mechanism, Design and Procedure, and Presentation are acceptable as
assessed by the Mechanical Engineers and Mechanical Engineering

65
Students. It indicates that there is a significant difference between the
assessment of the two groups of respondents. in terms of the
aforementioned variables. The acquired overall mean of the Mechanical
Engineers was 3.71 with a variance of 0.0747 a t-computed mean of 1.1 a
degree of freedom of 6 with a value of 2.45 the t-computed < t-critical,
therefore the assessment of the Mechanical Engineers was Accepted H0.
The acquired overall mean of the Mechanical Engineering Students was
3.55 with a variance of 0.01297 a t-computed mean of 1.1 a degree of
freedom of 6 with a value of 2.45 the t-computed < t-critical, therefore the
assessment of the Mechanical Engineering Students was Accepted H0.
The study indicates that using the right materials can help the project
meet its goals, such as toughness and quality. It also shows that using the
right funds, processes, and the right floor layout can help the project
succeed. There are still some flaws in this study, including some
methodologies, materials, and designs, which could lead to further
research.
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the findings that
emerged from the study. The findings presented, and the conclusions and
recommendations were concerning the problems in questions and
directions proposed for future studies.
Summary of Findings
Based on the gathered data, this study came up with the following
findings
1. Profile of the two groups of respondents
1.1 Mechanical Engineers
1.1.1 Gender, Male Mechanical Engineers with 4 or 80%,
female Mechanical Engineers with 1 or 20%.
1.1.2 Age, 18-25 years of Mechanical Engineers with 1 or
20%, 26-35 years of Mechanical Engineers with 3 or 60%, 36-45
years of Mechanical Engineers with 1 or 20%.

67
1.1.3 Highest Educational Attainment, Mechanical
Engineer who undergoes master of arts with 1 or 20%, and
Mechanical Engineers who undergoes Bachelor of Science with 4
or 80%.
1.1.4 Board Examination Passed, 5 or 100% of Mechanical
Engineers undergo the Mechanical Engineering Licensure Exam.
1.1.5 Length of Service, 3 or 60% of the Mechanical
Engineers are already in 5 years and below the length of service, 6-
10 years of Mechanical Engineers with 1 or 20%, 10-15 years of
Mechanical Engineers with 1 or 20%.
1.1.6 Industrial Experience, 5 or 100% of Mechanical
Engineers who have been in an Engineering industry.
1.2 Mechanical Engineering Students
1.2.1 Gender, Male Mechanical Engineering students with 10
or 66.67%, and female Mechanical Engineering Students with 5 or
33.33%.
1.2.2 Age, 18-25 years of Mechanical Engineering students
with 15 or 100%.
68
1.2.3 Highest Educational Attainment, Mechanical
Engineering Students who are Undergraduate with 7 or 46.67%, and
Mechanical Engineering Students who undergo Bachelor of Science
with 8 or 53.33%.
1.2.4 Length of Service, 5 years and below of the
Mechanical Engineering Students with 8 or 53.33% and 7 or 46.67%
of Mechanical Engineering Students have Not yet been in service.
1.2.5 Industrial Experience, 8 or 53.33% of Mechanical
Engineering students are still not in the industry and 7 or 46.67% of
Mechanical Engineering students are already in the engineering
industry.
2. Mechanical Engineers and Mechanical Engineering students
assess the level of acceptability in constructing a Solar Water
Distiller in terms of:
2.1 Construction Materials. They obtain a composite mean of 3.84
as Highly Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineers and 3.68 as
Highly Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineering Students.

69
2.2 Distilling Mechanism. They obtain a composite mean of 3.24
as Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineers and 3.37 as
Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineering Students.
2.3 Design and Procedure. They obtain a composite mean of 3.92
as Highly Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineers and 3.54 as
Highly Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineering Students.
2.4 Presentation. They obtain a composite mean of 3.84 as Highly
Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineers and 3.6 as Highly
Acceptable in response of Mechanical Engineering Students.
3. The significant difference between the assessment of Mechanical
Engineers and Mechanical Engineering students on the level of
acceptability of the Solar Water Distiller. The obtained overall mean
of the Mechanical Engineers is 3.71 with the variance of 0.0747, a
t-computed of 1.1, a degree of freedom of 6 with the value of 2.45,
and the t-computed < t-critical, therefore the assessment of the
Mechanical Engineers are accepted. The obtained overall mean of
the Mechanical Engineering Student is 3.55 with the variance of
0.01297, a t-computed of 1.1, a degree of freedom of 6 with the
value of 2.45, the t-computed < t-critical, therefore the assessment
of the Mechanical Engineering Students are accepted.

70
4. Problems encountered and the solutions made by the researchers
during the construction of the Solar Water Distiller?
The problem encountered in constructing Solar Water Distiller is the
Money encountered by the researchers in constructing the solar water
distiller because some of the materials are quite expensive and cannot be
bought in retail. Time management was one of the problems encountered
because each researcher has individual responsibilities to be taken care of
at home. There is also a problem with the operation of the solar water
distiller especially when it is not sunny and when it is cloudy. There is
difficulty in finding the respondents of the research.
5. Suggestions and recommendations may that Mechanical Engineers
can be proposed to further, improve the project
The following were suggestions and recommendations of the two
groups of respondents regarding the Solar water Distiller: they recommend
adding an artificial evaporator, UV light, and water filter, and also using a
solar panel partnered with a rechargeable battery for it to function even if
there is not enough sunlight or in the evening. Have more economical
materials that can produce clean water at a low-cost price to distribute the
product at ease. Use a water filter for distillation to make sure that the water
that your project will produce is safe for drinking/cooking. I suggest having
more inclination for the plastic so that the water will fall faster to the pipe.
71
You can put some stands to your product, also to ensure that water droplets
enter the pipe smoothly, try utilizing fiberglass in exchange of plastic.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion was
drawn.
1. The result of the study in terms of the profile of the respondents
there are 5 mechanical engineers and 15 mechanical engineering
students with a total of 20 respondents was acceptable.
2. The assessment of the level of acceptability of the solar water
distiller is highly acceptable.
3. There is a significant difference between the assessment of the two
groups of respondents in terms of construction materials, distilling
mechanism, design and procedure, and presentation.
4. There are problems that the researcher encountered during the
construction of the solar water distiller just as having an expensive
material, time management, and the cloudy weather but we did our
best to overcome those by addressing the problems and doing our
best to give solutions to them just like finding retail materials and
buying all those needed, making free time for the research and
finding a sunny place.

72
5. One of the abilities in model construction to make a more reliable
source of clean water should be knowledge of the suitable materials
to utilize in creating a Solar Water Distiller. Should have more
inclination so that the evaporated water droplets will easily go down
the pipe.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusion drawn, the following recommendations are
forwarded:
1. The researcher recommended add an artificial evaporator, UV light,
and water filter and also use a solar panel partnered with a
rechargeable battery for it to function even if there is not enough
sunlight or in the evening.
2. Have more economical materials that can produce clean water at a
low-cost price to distribute the product at ease.
3. Use a water filter for distillation to make sure that the water that your
project will produce is safe for drinking/cooking.
4. The researcher suggest having more inclination for the plastic so
that the water will fall faster to the pipe.

73
5. You can put some stands to your product, also to ensure that water
droplets enter the pipe smoothly, try utilizing fiberglass in exchange
of plastic.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
Badran. (2017). Desalination. Greece: Elsevier B.V. 119, 2017. Retrieved
from Desalination
Abu Jazar et al. (2017). Seawater desalination using inclined stepped

solar still with copper trays in a wet tropical climate. 423, 2017. Retrieved
from Desalination
B. THESIS/DISSERTATION
Chao Chen, Yilin Jiang, Zhaoyong Ye, Yu Yang, Li’an Hou, Sustainably
integrating desalination with solar power to overcome future freshwater
scarcity in China, Global Energy Interconnection, 2019,
C. JOURNALS/ PERIODICALS
Johnston, M. (2021, May 23). Solar Energy: Benefits and Drawbacks.

Retrieved from Investopedia:
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/053015/pros-and-cons-
solar-energy.asp
N/A. (2021, April 05). Ultimate Guide To Solar Water Distillers: How To
Make A Solar Stills. Retrieved from ALL ABOUT WATER FILTERS:
https://all-about-water-filters.com/ultimate-guide-to-solar-water-distillation/
D. ONLINE SOURCES
Springer International Publishing. (2017). Retrieved from SpringerLink:

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-48920-
9?noAccess=true&fbclid=IwAR20HkesZZd1mANoNc6C6CDhx5w-
uFeT_20lvX-U2e9PbZ04weuNUmFTLu0
Frey. (2018). Snowball sampling2018. Sage Research Methods.

Retrieved May 15, 2022, from
https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-
educational-research-measurement-and-
evaluation/i19094.xml?fbclid=IwAR3EpF-
ISiZIO6bVlMMAKBAh9RPhmoZNH0f1KXcCoXR-
eNGJ7cVsV5x31W0
Appendix A
LETTER PERMIT TO CONDUCT THE STUDY
May 10, 2022
Sir/ Ma’am
Good Day!
We, students of Science Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Strand, section 1204 from Bestlink College of the Philippines, currently
conducting research entitled “A PROPOSED PROJECT OF A SOLAR
WATER DISTILLER FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES”
requesting permission to gather respondents from your department. Your
cooperation would be highly appreciated.
Hoping for your approval and thank you for kind consideration.
Truly yours,
RESTY DE GUZMAN
KYLA MIA GILLANG
RHEYNER MAGNAYE
MARIELLE PATAUEG
LEVI L. RODRIGUEZ
Research Adviser
Appendix B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Appendix C
DOCUMENTATION
Appendix D
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that the research project presented in this research

entitled, A PROPOSED PROJECT OF A SOLAR WATER DISTILLER
FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES for the strand of Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, in Bestlink College of the
Philippines embodies the result of the original and scholarly work carried
out by the undersigned.
RESTY DE GUZMAN
KYLA MIA GILLANG
RHEYNER MAGNAYE
MARIELLE PATAUEG

Appendix E
CERTIFICATE OF STATISTICIAN
This is to certify that the research entitled A PROPOSED PROJECT

OF A SOLAR WATER DISTILLER FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE
PHILIPPINES submitted by its authors
RESTY DE GUZMAN
KYLA MIA GILLANG
RHEYNER MAGNAYE
MARIELLE PATAUEG
has been computed and checked for the proper statistical tools
used, tabulation, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.
CARLITO GABRIEL
Statistician
May 2022
Appendix F
CERTIFICATE OF ENGLISH EDITING
This is to certify that the research entitled A PROPOSED PROJECT

OF A SOLAR WATER DISTILLER FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE
PHILIPPINES submitted by its authors
RESTY DE GUZMAN
KYLA MIA GILLANG
RHEYNER MAGNAYE
MARIELLE PATAUEG
has been edited for language, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and

overall style. Neither the research contents nor the author’s ideas were
altered during the editing process.
RINNA R. BAYABORDA, LPT
Editor
May 2022
Appendix G
STATISTICIAN CURRICULUM VITAE
Appendix H
GRAMMARIAN CURRICULUM VITAE
Appendix I
CURRICULUM VITAE
Full Name: Resty Aragon Zerna De Guzman

Address: #3 San Nicasio St. Brgy Gulod Novaliches Quezon City
Contact Number: 0928 434 5362
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate: September 4, 2004
Birthplace: Quezon City
Height: 165 cm
Weight: 53 kg
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary: Bestlink College of the Philippines (2020-2022),
Sta. Lucia High School (2016-2020)
Primary: Lambakin Elementary School (2010-2012),
Heuin Dol World Mission Christian Academy (2012-2014),
San Gabriel Elementary School (2014-2016)
Full Name: Rheyner Lanurias Magnaye
Address: 13 Maisan St. Aguardiente, Brgy Sta. Monica Novaliches Q,C
Contact Number: 09551208424
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate: March 2, 2004
Birthplace: Makati, Guadalupe
Height: 164 cm
Weight: 50 kg
Religion: Born Again, Christian
Secondary: Bestlink College of the Philippines (2020 - 2022)
Tandang Sora National High School (2016 - 2020)
Primary: Rosa L Susano Elementary School (2010 - 2016)
Full Name: Marielle Ombrog Pataueg
Address: Phase 4 Package6 Block15 Lot17 Bagong Silang Caloocan
City
Contact Number: 0961 784 4374
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate: December 10, 2004
Birthplace: Caloocan City
Height: 157.5 cm
Weight: 51 kg
Secondary: Bestlink College of the Philippines (2020-2022)
Camarin High School (2016-2018, 2019-2020)
San Pablo National High School (2018-2019)
Primary: Gabriela Silang Elementary School (2009-2016)
ACHIEVEMENTS
Top 7 (Grade 10)
Top 3 (Grade 11, 1st semester),
Top 4 (Grade 12, 1st semester)
Full Name: Antoine Miguel C. Valera
Address: # Block 24 Lot 1 Castle Spring Heights Caloocan City
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate: June 14, 2002
Height: 174 cm
Weight: 69 kg
Religion: Catholic
Secondary: Bestlink College of the Philippines (2020-2022)
St. Joseph College Of Novaliches Inc. (2016-2019)
Primary: Cielito Zamora Memorial School (2010-2016)

Full Name: Kyla Mia Gillang
Address: #34 Belen St. RP. Gulod Nova. Quezon City
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate: March 21, 2003
Height: 150 cm
Weight: 50 kg
Secondary: Bestlink College of the Philippines (2020 - 2022)
Sta. Lucia High School (2016 - 2020)
Primary: San Bartolome Elementary School (2010-2016)

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A PROPOSED PROJECT OF A SOLAR WATER DISTILLER

FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School

Bestlink College of the Philippines

of the Requirements for the Strand

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

KYLA MIA GILLANG

ANTOINE MIGUEL VALERA

This research entitled A PROPOSED PROJECT OF A SOLAR

WATER DISTILLER FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES,

was prepared and submitted by Resty De Guzman, Kyla Mia Gillang,

Rheyner Magnaye, Marielle Pataueg, and Antoine Miguel Valera, in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand of Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics, has been examined and is recommended

for acceptance and approval for Oral Defense.

LEVI L. RODRIGUEZ, LPT

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of 92%.

SONIA A. REYES, MS BIO RESTY V. MALDO, MAEd, LPT

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the strand of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.

ENGR. JOEL R. CAJIPE, LPT

Strand Head, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Date of Final Defense: May 16, 2022

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt thanks

contributed much, and extended the willingness and support needed to

make this research possible:

Dr. Maria M. Vicente, President/CEO of Bestlink College of the

and giving opportunities to those less fortunate students to continue their

studies and pursue their dreams;

Ms. Edith M. Vicente, Executive Vice President, for providing the

needed information to complete this research;

support and encouragement to make this thesis writing possible;

Engr. Diosdado T. Lleno, Vice President for Administration and

Finance, for his words of encouragement and motivation;

Mr. Reynold R. Bangalisan, Senior High School Research Head,

in guiding the researchers in the preparation of this manuscript;

Respondents, who cooperated and spent time answering

questionnaires, and made it possible to accomplish this research;

Panelists, Mr. Resty V. Maldo and Mrs. Sonia A. Reyes extended

were used for the accomplishment of this research journey.

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who

Their continuous moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support to us has

helped us finish this research.

We also dedicate this research to the ALMIGHTY GOD, for His

guidance, provision, wisdom and knowledge, protection, and for giving us

the Glory of your Name.

And also, we dedicate this Ms. Levi L. Rodriguez, as our Research

Furthermore, to our classmates who shared their words of advice and

encouragement that helped us be motivated to finish this research.

Lastly, we dedicate this to the researchers for doing our best to

conducting this research.

Title: A PROPOSED OF SOLAR WATER DISTILLER

FOR COASTAL HOUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Researchers: Resty De Guzman

Kyla Mia Gillang

Antoine Miguel Valera

Strand: Science, Technology, Engineering and

Date of Completion: May 2022