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    Centre of Curvature

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    kartick.mohanta

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    Centre of Curvature

    Uploaded by

    kartick.mohanta
    19 views2 pages

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    19 views2 pages

    Centre of Curvature

    Uploaded by

    kartick.mohanta

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 2

    Differentiating both sides w.r.

    t x, we get

    3x 2 + 3y 2 y 1  3(x y 1 + y)
    y ´ x2
    ùñ y 1 
    y2 ´ x

    Again, differentiating the above equation w.r.t x, we get

    (y 2 ´ x)(y 1 ´ 2x) ´ (y ´ x 2 )(2y y 1 ´ x)


    y2 
    (y 2 ´ x)2
    (y 2 ´ x)(y 1 ´ 2x) ´ (y ´ x 2 )(2y y 1 ´ x)
     .
    (y 2 ´ x)2

    Now, at ( 32 , 32 ),
    3
     3 2
    2´ 2
    y1   3 2 3  ´1
    2 ´2

    and
     3 2  3 2
    ( 2 ´ 32 )(´1 ´ 2 ˆ 32 ) ´ ( 32 ´ 2 )(2 ˆ 32 ˆ (´1) ´ 32 ) 32
    y2  (  )2  .
    3 2 3 3
    2 ´ 2

    We know that ∣ ∣
    ∣ (1 + y 2 ) 32 ∣
    ∣ 1 ∣
    ρ∣ ∣
    ∣ y2 ∣
    3 3

    . Hence the radius of curvature at 2, 2 is
    ∣ ∣
    ∣ (1 + (´1)2 ) 32 ∣ 2? 2 3? 2
    ∣ ∣
    ρ∣ 32
    ∣  32  .
    ∣ ∣ 16
    3 3
    ?
    3 2
    Hence, the required radius of the curvature is ρ  16 .

    2.3 Center of Curvature


    Let the equation of a curve be y  f (x) and P (x, y) be any point on the curve. Let R (or ρ) be the
    radius of curvature of the curve at P and P T be the tangent at the point P. Suppose the tangent
    makes angle ψ with the x-axis. Draw a circle with radius R, touching the tangent P T at P and on
    the same side of the tangent as that of the curve. Then, the centre C : (X , Y ) of this circle is the
    centre of the curvature. From the Fig.2, we have

    y1 y 1 (1+y 12 )
    X  x ´ R sin ψ  x ´ R ? x´ y2
    1+y 12
    (1+y 12 )
    and Y  y + R cos ψ  y + R ? 1 y+ y2 .
    1+y 12

    Hence, the equation of the circle of curvature is

    (x ´ X )2 + (y ´ Y )2  R 2 .

    9
    Figure 2: Circle of curvature and centre of curvature

    The center of curvature (X , Y ) of the curve in the parametric form x  x(t ), y  y(t ) is given as
       
    y 1 (x 1 )+ (y 1 )2 x 1 (x 1 )+ (y 1 )2
    X x´ and Y  y + ,
    x1 y 2 ´ x2 y 1 x1 y 2 ´ x2 y 1

    d2x dy d2y
    where x 1  dx
    dt , x2  dt2
    , y1  dt and y 2  dt2
    .

    Example 2.2. Find the center of curvature of the curve x y  12 at the point (3, 4).

    Solution: The given equation is

    x y  12.
    12
    This implies that y  x . On differentiating, we get

    12 24
    y1  ´ , y2  3 .
    x2 x

    Now, at (3, 4), y 1  ´312


    2 
    4
    3 and y 2  24
    33
     89 .
    We know that the centre of the curvature at (x, y) is

    y 1 (1 + y 12 ) (1 + y 12 )
    X x´ , Y y+ .
    y2 y2

    4
     4 2  4 2
    3 (1+ 3 ) 43 (1+ ) 57
    So, at (3, 4), X  3 ´ 8  6 and Y  4 + 8
    3
     8 .
    9 9

     43 
    Hence, the center of curvature is 6 , 57
    8 .

    10

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