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    Question 1.

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    4 views1 page

    Question 1.

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    priscillaamandabentil07

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Question 1.

    With a well labelled diagram describe the hip joint.


    THE DESCRIPTION OF THE HIP JOINT

    The hip bone, also known as the pelvic bone, is a large, flat bone located in the pelvic region. It is composed of three
    separate bones that fuse together during adolescence to form a single bone. The three bones that make up the hip bone are
    the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
    The ilium is the largest and uppermost part of the hip bone. It has a broad, flaring shape and forms the prominent iliac crest,
    which runs along the top of the hip bone. The ilium also has a large, shallow socket called the acetabulum, which articulates
    with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
    The ischium is the lower and posterior part of the hip bone. It is a sturdy, curved bone that forms the base of the pelvis and
    provides support for the weight of the body. The ischium also has a small, bony projection called the ischial spine, which
    serves as an attachment point for certain muscles.
    The pubis is the anterior and medial part of the hip bone. It is a thin, elongated bone that forms part of the pubic symphysis,
    which is the joint between the two hip bones. The pubis also has a small, cartilaginous structure called the pubic symphysis,
    which connects the two hip bones together.

    Question 2.
    State , explain and mention all the characteristics of the synovial joint.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYNOVIAL JOINT

    Synovial joint are the movable type of joint in the human body ,which provides stability and support,it also protects the
    surrounding tissues and organs.They are characterized by the presence of of synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid , and
    allows low friction move between the joint

    1.Synovial Cavity: Synovial joints have a synovial cavity, which is a space between the articulating bones. This cavity is filled
    with synovial fluid, a viscous fluid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction.

    2.Articular Cartilage: The ends of the bones in a synovial joint are covered with a thin layer of articular cartilage. This
    cartilage is smooth and slippery, allowing the bones to glide over each other with minimal friction.

    3.Synovial Fluid: The synovial cavity is filled with synovial fluid, which is produced by the synovial membrane. This fluid acts
    as a lubricant, reducing friction and providing nutrients to the articular cartilage.

    4.Joint Capsule: Synovial joints are enclosed by a joint capsule, which is a tough, fibrous structure made up of connective
    tissue. The joint capsule helps to maintain the integrity of the joint and prevent the entry of foreign substances.

    5.Ligaments: Synovial joints are supported by ligaments, which are bands of connective tissue that connect the bones and
    provide stability to the joint. The number and arrangement of ligaments can vary depending on the specific joint.

    6.Bursae: Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that are located near synovial joints. They act as cushions and help to reduce
    friction between the joint and surrounding tissues.

    7.Menisci (in some joints): Some synovial joints, such as the knee joint, have menisci, which are crescent-shaped structures
    made of cartilage. The menisci help to distribute weight and reduce friction within the joint.

    8.Articular Capsule: The articular capsule is a thin, delicate structure that surrounds the joint and is continuous with the joint
    capsule. It helps to protect the joint and maintain the synovial fluid.

    9.Synovial Membrane: The synovial membrane is a specialized tissue that lines the inner surface of the joint capsule. It is
    responsible for producing and maintaining the synovial fluid.

    10.Sensory Nerves: Synovial joints are richly supplied with sensory nerves, which help to monitor the position and movement
    of the joint. This information is then transmitted to the brain, allowing for coordinated and controlled movement.

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