Fill in the blanks:

1. Yule and Kendall defined statistics as "quantitative data affected to a marked extent
by a _________ (multiplicity of causes)
2. All the facts and figures are ________Expressed in statistics. (numerically)
3. Boddington defined statistical methods as "the science of ___________(estimates
and probabilities)
4. In statistics, to get accurate answers, the data must be collected in a systematized
order keeping the ___________ in mind. (purpose)
5. The midpoint of each class interval is also known as __________ (class mark)
6. An ogive is another way of presenting ___________ data. (quantitative)
7. The _____________________frequency refers to running the total of frequencies
through the classes of a frequency distribution. (cumulative frequency)
8. In a stem and leaf plot _____________________digits are used to depict as leaf.
(right)
9. A.M. is very much affected by _______________(Extreme values)
10. An average _____________the given data. (Summarises)
11. For an open ended distribution ___________________cannot be determined.
(Mean)
12. The arithmetic mean of -1, 0 and 1 is ______(0)
13. A distribution which has two modes is called ___________(Bi modal)
14. Median is more suited average for grouped data with _______classes. (Open end)
15. Measures of variability tells how much the data in a distribution is ______(Scattered)
16. The difference between the smallest and largest observation in the distribution is
termed __________(Range)
17. There are mainly ________ types of measures of variability. (Two)
18. Relative measures of dispersion are __________Unitless)(
19. The relationship between MD and SD is ___________(5 M.D=4S.D)
20. The numerical value of a standard deviation can never be ___________(Negative)
21. ______________represents how far a data point is from the mean. (z score)
22. In a symmetric distribution, the right half is the _________of the left half. (mirror
image)
23. Kurtosis shows the____________of a distribution. (Peakedness)
24. Skewness is when the distribution is ___________(Asymmetric)
25. For a symmetric distribution _______________(A.M. Median = Mode)
26. A curve flatter than the normal curve is called_____________(Platykurtic)
27. An.....is an outcome or a set of outcomes of an activity or a result of a trial. (Event)
28. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then P(AB)= ______(0)
29. If a card is drawn at random from a pack of cards, the probability of getting either a
king or queen is _______(2/13)
30. The probability of getting more than 2 points when a die is thrown is
__________(2/3)
31. If events are ________exclusive, then the occurrence of any one of the events
prevents any of the other events from occurring. ((Mutually exclusive)
32. _______________.is applied when it is necessary to compute the probability if both
events A and B occur at the same time. (Multiplication rule)
33. When p is small (say 0.1) the binomial distribution is skewed to the
_________(Right)
34. __________describes the distribution of probabilities where there are only two
mutually exclusive outcomes for each trial of an experiment. (Binomial distribution)
35. Random variables are called __________(Variate)
36. Hypergeometric distribution is used in cases of trials without
_________(Replacement)
 37. Poisson distribution was developed by_____(Siemon Denis Poisson)
38. When a random variable takes on a finite number of values it is called (Discrete)
39. Uniform distribution is a form of____________distribution. (Continuous)
40. ____________is the height of the rectangle in an uniform distribution. (1/b-a) is
associated with normal distribution. (Karl Gauss)
41. The curve of a normal distribution is ___________(Bell shaped)
42. Exponential distribution is skewed to the ______(Right)
43. Discrete distributions are approximated using the_______curve. (Normal)
44. In_______Sampling, elements for the sample are selected at the convenience of
45. the researcher. (Convenience)
46. Like sampling in cluster sampling, the population is divided into groups based on
similar characteristics or particular characteristics. (Stratified)
47. ___________sampling implies that chance enters into the process of selection.
(Random)

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Statistical investigation includes 5 steps process. Choose the correct process from
the below-

a. Collection, organisation, presentation, analysis and interpretation

b.Collection, presentation, organisation, analysis and interpretation

c. Collection, organisation, analysis, presentation and interpretation

d.Collection, presentation, analysis, organisation and interpretation

2. In accounting, statistics is used explicitly for

a. Quality assurance

b. Auditing process

c. Recruitment

d.None of the given options

3. Statistics are prone to be misused because

a. They can be moulded to establish right or wrong conclusions

b. It helps condense the collected data into a few significant figures with proper and more
precise meanings

c. It is affected to a marked extent by a multiplicity of causes

d. All of the given options

4. Choose which of the following are not a function of statistics

a. Facilitate comparison

b. Formulating and testing hypothesis

c. Helps in prediction

d. Includes only qualitative data

5. Which of the following represents median?

a. First quartile

b. Fourth decile

c. Second quartile

d. None of the above

6. Which of the following relations among the location parameters does not hold?

a. Q2=median

b. P50=median

c. D5 = median

d. D6=median

3. Extreme values have no effect on:

a. A.M.

b. Median

c. G.M.

d. H.M.

4.If the average of 7, 9, 12, x, 5, 4 and 11 is 9 then x is:

a. 13

b. 14

c. 15

d. 8

5. The mean of 8 numbers is 15. After a new number 24 is added, the new mean shall
be:

a. 8

b. 16

c. 12

d. 10
6. The mode of the distribution of values 5, 9, 7, 7, 5, 9, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3, 4, 1,5 is

a.5

b.9

c. 7

d. 3

7. Which of the following are methods under measures of dispersion?

a. Standard deviation

b. Mean deviation

c. Range

d. All of the above

8. Which of the following are characteristics of a good measure of dispersion?

a. It should be easy to calculate

b. It should be based on all the observations within a series

c. It should not be affected by the fluctuations within the sampling

d. All of the above

3.The coefficient of variation is a percentage expression for

a. Standard deviation

b. Quartile deviation

c. Mean deviation

d. None of the above

While calculating the standard deviation, the deviations are only taken from

a. The mode value of a series

b. The median value of a series

c. The quartile value of a series

d. The mean value of a series

5. Which of the following cannot be calculated for open-ended distributions?

a. Standard deviation

b. Mean deviation

c. Range

d. None of the above

6. If all the observations within a series are multiplied by five, then

a. The new standard deviation would be decreased by five

b. The new standard deviation would be increased by five

c. The new standard deviation would be half of the previous standard deviation

d. The new standard deviation would be multiplied by five

1.The values of mean, median and mode can be

a. Some time equal

b. Never equal

c. Always equal

d. None of these
If mean, median, and mode are all equal then distribution will be

a. Positive Skewed

b. Negative Skewed

c. Symmetrical

d. None of these

3. Asymmetrical distribution has mean equal to 4. Its mode will be

a. Equal to 4

b. Less than 4

c. Greater than 4

d. Not equal to 4

4.The shape of symmetrical distribution is

a. U shaped

b. Bell Shaped

c. J Shaped

d. None of these

5. A curve whose tail is longer to the right is called

a. Negatively skewed

b. Positively skewed

c. Symmetrical

d. None of these option

6. For a positively skewed distribution

a. Mean > Mode

b. Mode> Mean

c. Median > Mean

d. None of these options

MCQs

1. If A is an uncertain event, then

a. P(A)≥0

b. 0≤P(A)≤1

c. 0<P(A) <1

d. None of the above

2. If P(A)= P(B), then two events A and B are

a. Mutually exclusive

b. Exhaustive

c. Equally likely

d. Independent

3. If P (A?B) [or P(AB)] is zero then the two events A and B are:

a. Mutually exclusive

b. Exhaustive

c. Equally likely

d. Independent
4. If two events A and B, P(A?B)=1, then A and B are:

a. Mutually exclusive

b. Equally likely

c. Dependent

d. Exhaustive

5. If P(A/B) P(A), then

a. B is independent of A

b. A is independent of B

c. B is dependent on A

d. Both (a) and (b)

6. If two events A and B are independent, then

a. They can be mutually exclusive

b. They cannot be mutually exclusive

c. They cannot be exhaustive

d. Both (b) and (c)

1. The sum of the values of the random variable weighted by the probability that the random
variable will take on the value:

a. Variance of random variable

b. Expected value of random variable

c. Mean of random variable

d. Standard value of random variable

2. In a Binomial Distribution, if p, q and n are probability of success, failure and number of
trials respectively then variance is given by

a. np

b.npq

c. np2q

d. Npq2

3. When a random variate can take any value in the given interval a ? x ? b, the distribution
is

a. Poisson distribution

b. Binomial distribution

c. Geometric distribution

d. Continuous probability distribution

4. When two unbiased coins are tossed together, the number of elements in the sample
space shall be:

a. 2

b.3

c. 4

d. 0

The certainty of an event in probability is given by:

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. 1.5

A binomial distribution has a mean of 5 and a variance 4. The number of trials is

a. 18
b. 17

c.25

d. None of these

1.Which one of these variables is a continuous random variable?

a. The time it takes a randomly selected student to complete an exam.

b. The number of tattoos a randomly selected person has.

C. The number of women taller than 68 inches in a random sample of 5 women.

d. The number of correct guesses on a multiple choice test.

2.Following is the example of a continuous probability distribution:

a. Discrete probability distribution

b. Poisson distribution

c. Normal distribution

d. Binomial distribution

5.A variable that can assume any value between two given points is called

a. Uncertain random variable

b. Irregular random variable

C. Discrete random variable

d. Continuous random variable

6. Normal distribution is symmetric is about

a. Variance

b. Mean

C.Standard deviation

d. Covariance

7. The area under a standard normal curve is:

a.0

b. 1

C. NA

d. Not defined

8. If value of interval a is 2.5 and the value of interval b is 3.5 the value of? for uniform
distribution is

a. 0.5

b. 3

c. 2.5

d. 2

1. Choose who defined statistics as “ statistics may be called the science of averages"

a.Croxton and Cowden

b.Bowley

c.Boddington

d.None of the given options

1. Estimate and identify the value of mode for the given data- 3, 3, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 5
• a.2
• b.3
• c.4
• D.5

2. Which of the following indicate the correct flow of statistical investigation

• a.Collecting, Analyzing, Presenting & Interpreting of data
• b.Collecting, Presenting, Analyzing & Interpreting of data
• c.Collecting, Interpreting, Analyzing, & Presenting of data
• d.Collecting, Analyzing, Interpreting & Presenting of data

3. From the given options, evaluate what is the other name for Measure of central
tendency

• a.Measure of position
• b.Measure of location
• c.Measure of dispersion
• d.Measure of association

4. Choose who statistics as "statistics may be defined as a science of collection,

presentation, analysis and interpretation of data"

• a.Croxton and Cowden

• b.Bowley
• c.Boddington
• d.None of the given options

5. The number of rooms in the seven five stars hotel in Chennai city is 71, 30, 61, 59,
31, 40 and 29. Find the median number of rooms
• a.37
• b.39
• c.40
• D.42
6. The arithmetic mean of 40 numbers was found to be 38. It was then discovered that
the number 56 had been misinterpreted as 36. Determine the correct mean of the
numbers given.
• a.28.5
• b.38.5
• c.48.5
• D.58.5

7. Estimate and identify the value of mode for the given data- 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 4
• a.2
• b.3
• c.4
• D.5

8. What is the correct flow of statistical investigation

• a.Collecting, Analyzing, Presenting & Interpreting of data

• b.Collecting, Presenting, Analyzing & Interpreting of data
• c.Collecting, Interpreting, Analyzing, & Presenting of data
• d.None of the given options

9. Choose which of the given options do not comprise under the term 'statistics'
• a.Aggregates of facts
• b.Affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes,
• c.Numerically expressed,
• d.Does not have doubt on present solutions

10. Which of the given options does explains statistics as Arts

• a.Generalizations via theory / principles
• b.Making logical inferences with creativity
• c.Avoid vague judgements
• d.All of the given options
 11. Which of the following does defines inferential statistics
• a.Organize, analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner
• b.Tries to make conclusions about the population that is beyond the data
available
• c.Describes the data which is already known
• d.All of the given options

Question 13

Select which of the following *measure of dispersion* overcomes the dependency on

extreme values

a.Range

b.Interquartile range

c.3rd quartile

d.Percentile

Question 14

Choose which of the following is *not* a characteristics of normal distribution

a.Unimodal

b.Mean = mode= median

c.Area under curve = 1

d.Left skewed

Question 15

The mean of 14 observations is 6. What will be the new mean if 3 is added to the data set

a.7

b.8

c.5.8

d.8.5
Question 16

Choose which of the following is the correct measurement of Interquartile range

a.the difference between the 20th and 75th percentile

b.the difference between the 25th and 75th percentile

c.the difference between the 25th and 80th percentile

d.the difference between the 50th and 75th percentile

Question 17

Choose which of the following indicates the set of measurements obtained for a

particular element

a.Observations

b.Elements

c.Variable

d.None of the given option

Question 18

In a data series of 45,34,56,76,21,28, estimate the 3rd quartile

a.66

b.56

c.76

d.None of the given option

Question 19

From the given options, evaluate what is the other name for Mean in measure of central

tendency

a.Median

b.Mode

c.Average
d.All of the given options

Question 20

Estimate and identify the value of mode for the given data- 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6, 5

a.2

b.3

c.4

d.5

Question 21

Which of the following does not defines descriptive statistics

a.Organize, analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner

b.Tries to make conclusions about the population that is beyond the data available

c.Describes the data which is already known

d.All of the given options

Question 22

Symp.co evaluated the average height of their employees. Which excel function will help

them to do it

a.MEAN

b.AVERAGE

c.MEDIAN

d.MODE

Question 23

Choose which of the following is Not a component of research problem

a.Has an environment

b.Affects individuals or a group

c.Does not have doubt on present solutions

d.Has an aim

Question 24

Choose which position of the data set is shown by median.

a.Maximum point

b.Middle point

c.Lowest Point

d.All of the given option

Question 25

In a dataset, .................. is referred to as the entities on which data are collected.

a.Elements

b.Observations

c.Variables

d.Scale

Question 26

Identify the correct formula for Quartile 3 for a data set.

a.(3(N+1))/4

b.(3(N+1))/2

c.(2(N+1))/4

d.(4(N+1))/3

Question 27

Choose which of the following scale measures the labels or names used to identify an

attribute of the element and can be ranked

a.Interval scale
b.Ordinal scale

c.Nominal scale

d.Ratio scale

Question 28

If the (N+1)/2th value for median is 4.5th. Identify which value would be taken to

estimate the median value

a.(6th value + 5th value)/2

b.(3rd value + 5th value)/2

c.(4th value + 5th value)/2

d.(4th value + 3th value)/2

Question 29

In a standardized Normal distribution, mean is equal to

a.0

b.3

c.1

d.2

Question 30

A data set has two values - 5 and 7, both have frequencies of 3 each. Choose what name

is provided to such dataset

a.Multimodal

b.Bimodal

c.Unimodal

d.Binomial

Question 31
With an aim to examine the use of Macbooks among students, a class was divided into

those who have it and those who do not have it. Based on these segregation, randomly

20 students from each group were taken as a part of the sample. Identify which

sampling method which is used in this analysis

a.Stratified Random sampling

b.Snowball sampling

c.All of the given options

d.Cluster random sampling

Question 32

If a data series has 8 values, assess the formula to calculate median

a.Average of 3rd and 4th value

b.Average of minimum and maximum value

c.Average of 4th and 5th value

d.Middle value

Question 33

Sample mean is denoted by which of the following symbols

a.none of the given options

b.sigma

c.xbar

d.µ
Question 34

A researcher selected every 5th person in a row to be a part of his sample group. Evaluate

the form of sampling

a.Stratified sampling

b.systematic sampling

c.Cluster sampling

d.Snowball sampling

Question 35

Select which of the following is not a secondary source of information

a.Government data

b.Directories

c.Statistical data

d.Questionnaire/ surveys

Question 36

Swifty market compares the price charged for identical items in all of its food stores.

Based on the prices charged by each store i.e. $1.8, $0.98, $1.09,$1.24, $1.33, $1.14,

$1.55, $1.08, examine the median price per pound.

a.1.19

b.1.14

c.1.09

d.1.24
Question 37

If the data is collected for the given question ' How many kids are there in your house

below the age of 6 years'. Choose which scale would be appropriate for this question.

a.Ordinal scale

b.Ratio scale

c.Interval scale

d.Nominal scale

Question 38

In hypothesis testing, critical value is 7.86 while test estimate from z score is 6.13.

Choose what can be inferred in this situation

a.Do not reject the null hypothesis as critical value> test estimate

b.Do not reject the null hypothesis as critical value < test estimate

c.Reject the null hypothesis as critical value > test estimate

d.Reject the null hypothesis as critical value < test estimate

Question 39

In a data set, ................. represents a characteristic of interest for the elements.

a.Scale

b.Variables

c.Elements

d.Observations
Question 40

If the variance of weight of students in a class is 45.3, then choose which one of the

following would indicate the correct standard deviation.

a.7.63

b.6.73

c.3.76

d.6.34

Question 41

In a survey, investigators asked about the gender of the respondents. Identify which scale

of measurement will be used to measure this variable 'Gender'

a.Ordinal

b.Interval

c.Ratio

d.Nominal

Question 42

The variance of height of students in the classroom is 47 and mean height is 164 cm.

Estimate the standard deviation for the height of the students.

a.0

b.6.01

c.0.28

D.6.86
Question 43

Estimate what will be the probability that the weight of the female employee working in

a school is between 70-80 kg (note: the data is symmetric and mean weight of all

female employees is 75 kg and SD is 5)

a.68% approx

b.98% approx

c.99% approx

d.75% approx

Question 44

Choose which scale of measurement will be used to measure this - "Circle the number of

members in your family below 10 years of age"

a.Interval scale

b.Ordinal scale

c.Ratio scale

d.Nominal scale

Question 45

Choose which of the following components are not required in defining a research

problem

a.Survey the literature

b.Existence of alternative means

c.Presence of doubt on existing means to solve problems

d.Presence of an environment where the difficulty exists

Question 46

A generator is often out of service. In the last 6 months, the generator was out of service

for 3,2,4,5,3,2 days respectively. Estimate the average days for which the generator

was out of service.

a.3.16

b.3.97

c.9.23

D.2.67

Question 47

Z statistic is based on assumption of normal distribution, while t statistic is dependent

upon

a.All of the given option

b.Mean

c.Standard Deviation

d.Degree of Freedom

Question 48

Choose which of the following represents a tabular summary of data showing the

number of items in each of several non-overlapping classes.

a.Sample Distribution

b.Normal Distribution

c.Continuous Distribution

d.Frequency Distribution
Question 49

The set of all experimental outcomes is known as

a.Sample space

b.Sample target

c.Sample Size

D.Sample subset

Question 50

A manufacturer wants to choose one supplier out of the two suppliers of raw material.

The supplier supplied quantity in the last 3 months in 10, 11, 12 days respectively

from the date of order placed. Supplier 2, supplied the order in 5,10,18 days

respectively. Choose which of the following test will be more appropriate to select the

suppliers

a.Mode

b.Mean

c.Standard deviation

d.Median

Question 51

If in a continuous series, 10-40 has highest frequency of 5, then choose what can we call

this class interval

a.None of the given option

b.Modal class

c.Median class

d.Quartile
Question 52

Median divides a data set into two equal half, while 1st quartile divides data into

a.1/3rd

b.3/4th

c.1/2th

d.1/4th

Question 53

Identify the form of dataset where data is collected at the same or approximately the

same point in time.

a. Qualitative data

b.Time series data

c.Nominal data

d.Cross sectional data

Question 54

Decide which form of error causes acceptance of hypothesis which should have been

rejected

a.Sampling error

b.Type 1 error

c.Type 2 error

D.significant level of 5%
Question 55

Choose from the following what does a hypothesis means

a.All of the given options

b.Presumption made to define a situation

c.Presumption made in a situation

d.Presumption made to be tested

Question 56

If Ho: Mean is not equal to 10 ; Identify whether it is two tailed analysis or one tailed

test.

a.Information not sufficient

b.Two sided test

c.Both one sided and two sided

d.One sided test

Question 57

Identify which of the following indicates the *set of all experimental outcomes*

a.Sample size

b.Sample frame

c.None of the given options

d.Sampling error
Question 58

If null hypothesis (*H0*): p1 = p2 i.e. there is no difference between effectiveness of two

drugs, then choose which one can be its alternative hypothesis

a.*Ha*: p1>p2

b.*Ha*: p1 < p2

c.*Ha*: p1 is not equal to p2

d.All of the given option

Question 59

If the sample size is less than 30, then which of the given statistical tools will be used to

evaluate the distance of a value from its mean.

a.z score

b.normal distribution

c.continuous distribution

d.t statistics

Question 60

Choose which position of the data set is shown by median.

a.Middle point

b.All of the given option

c.Maximum point

d.Lowest Point

1. Choose which of the given options does comprise under the term 'statistics'

a. Aggregates of facts

b. According to reasonable standards of accuracy,

c. Numerically expressed,

d. All of the given options

1. Which of the given options does explains statistics as Arts
a. Drawing relevant conclusions
b. Concerned with presentation
c. Making logical inferences with creativity
d. All of the given options

2. Which of the given options explain that statistics is a science

a. Generalizations via theory / principles
b. Experimental in nature
c. Avoid vague judgements
d. All of the given options
3. Which of the given options explain that statistics is a science
a. Generalizations via theory / principles
b. Based on facts & data
c. Avoid vague judgements
d. All of the given options

4. Which of the following does NOT defines inferential statistics

a. Organize, analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner
b. Final results are shown in form of charts tables and graphs
c. Describes the data which is already known
d. All of the given options

5. From the given options, evaluate what is the other name for Mean in measure of
central tendency
a. Median
b. Mode
c. Average
d. All of the given options

6. Choose who statistics as "statistics may be defined as a science of collection,

presentation, analysis and interpretation of data"
a. Croxton and Cowden
b. Bowley
c. Boddington
d. None of the given options

7. Identify the correct formula for Quartile 3 for a data set.

a. (3(N+1))/4
b. (3(N+1))/2
c. (2(N+1))/4
d. (4(N+1))/3
8. Choose which position of the data set is shown by median.
a. Maximum point
b. Middle point
c. Lowest Point
d. All of the given option

9. Estimate and identify the value of mode for the given data- 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 4
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

10. Choose which of the following is Not a component of research problem

a. Has an environment
b. Affects individuals or a group
c. Does not have doubt on present solutions
d. Has an aim

11. In a data series of 45,34,56,76,21,28, estimate the 3rd quartile

a. 66
b. 56
c. 76
d. None of the given option

12. Which of the given options does not explains statistics as Arts
a. Generalizations via theory / principles
b. Experimental in nature
c. Avoid vague judgements
d. All of the given options

13. Which of the following indicates the correct flow of statistical investigation
a. Collecting, Presenting, Analyzing & Interpreting of data
b. Collecting, Interpreting, Analyzing, & Presenting of data
c. Collecting, Analyzing, Interpreting & Presenting of data
d. None of the given options
14. Estimate and identify the value of mode for the given data- 3, 3, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 5
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

15. Which of the given options does not explains statistics is a science
a. Drawing relevant conclusions
b. Concerned with presentation
c. Making logical inferences with creativity
d. All of the given options

16. Whose the correct flow of statistical investigation

a. Collecting, Analyzing, Presenting & Interpreting of data
b. Collecting, Presenting, Analyzing & Interpreting of data
c. Collecting, Interpreting, Analyzing, & Presenting of data
d. None of the given options

17. Choose which of the following is a component of research problem

a. Has an environment
b. Affects individuals or a group
c. Has an aim
d. All of the given options

18. Choose which of the following is the correct measurement of Interquartile range
a. the difference between the 20th and 75th percentile
b. the difference between the 25th and 75th percentile
c. the difference between the 25th and 80th percentile
d. the difference between the 50th and 75th percentile

19. Which of the following is a limitation of statistics

a. Does not deals with isolated measurements
b. Deals only with qualitative characteristics
c. Are true only on an average
d. All of the given options

20. Which of the following indicate the correct flow of statistical investigation
a. Collecting, Analyzing, Presenting & Interpreting of data
b. Collecting, Presenting, Analyzing & Interpreting of data
c. Collecting, Interpreting, Analyzing, & Presenting of data
d. Collecting, Analyzing, Interpreting & Presenting of data
21. The mean of 14 observations is 6. What will be the new mean if 3 is added to the
data set
a. 7
b. 8
c. 5.8
d. 8.5

22. Which of the given options does not explains statistics is a science
a. Skills of handling facts
b. Concerned with presentation
c. Making logical inferences with creativity
d. All of the given options

23. The number of rooms in the seven five stars hotel in Chennai city is 71, 30, 61, 59,
31, 40 and 29. Find the median number of rooms
a. 37
b. 39
c. 40
d. 42

24. The arithmetic mean of 40 numbers was found to be 38. It was then discovered that
the number 56 had been misinterpreted as 36. Determine the correct mean of the
numbers given.
a. 28.5
b. 38.5
c. 48.5
d. 58.5

25. Which of the following does defines inferential statistics

a. Organize, analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner
b. Tries to make conclusions about the population that is beyond the data
available
c. Describes the data which is already known
d. All of the given options

26. Choose which of the following indicates the set of measurements obtained for a
particular element
a. Observations
b. Elements
c. Variable
d. None of the given option
27. Which of the following does defines descriptive statistics
a. Organize, analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner
b. Tries to make conclusions about the population that is beyond the data
available
c. Compares, test and predicts the future outcomes
d. All of the given options

28. Which of the following does not defines descriptive statistics

a. Organize, analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner
b. Tries to make conclusions about the population that is beyond the data
available
c. Describes the data which is already known
d. All of the given options

29. If X is 6 12 18 24 and Frequency is 2 4 6 8 then calculate the median value

a. 21
b. 12
c. 24
d. 6

30. Estimate and identify the value of mode for the given data- 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6, 5
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

31. Which of the following is not a limitation of statistics

a. Does deals with isolated measurements
b. Deals only with qualitative characteristics
c. Are true only on an average
d. All of the given options

32. Choose which of the given options do not comprise under the term 'statistics'
a. Aggregates of facts
b. Affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes,
c. Numerically expressed,
d. Does not have doubt on present solutions
33. In a dataset, .................. is referred to as the entities on which data are collected.
a. Elements
b. Observations
c. Variables
d. Scale

34. Choose which of the following is *not* a characteristics of normal distribution

a. Unimodal
b. Mean = mode= median
c. Area under curve = 1
d. Left skewed

35. Choose who defined statistics as “ statistics may be called the science of averages"
a. Croxton and Cowden
b. Bowley
c. Boddington
d. None of the given options

36. Choose which of the following is Not a component of research problem

a. Has an environment
b. Affects individuals or a group
c. Has an aim
d. None of the given options

37. Which of the given options does explains statistics as Arts

a. Generalizations via theory / principles
b. Making logical inferences with creativity
c. Avoid vague judgements
d. All of the given options

38. Choose which of the given options does comprise under the term 'statistics'
a. Aggregates of facts
b. Affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes,
c. Numerically expressed,
d. All of the given options
39. The mean of selling price of a 75 Ball a pen is 7.6 and standard deviation is 2. If the
price of Pen is increased by Rs.5, what will the change in mean of the selling price
a. Mean will increase
b. Mean will decrease
c. No change in Mean
d. None of the given option

40. Symp.co evaluated the average height of their employees. Which excel function will
help them to do it
a. MEAN
b. AVERAGE
c. MEDIAN
d. MODE

41. Select which of the following *measure of dispersion* overcomes the dependency on
extreme values
a. Range
b. Interquartile range
c. 3rd quartile
d. Percentile

42. From the given options, evaluate what is the other name for Measure of central
tendency
a. Measure of position
b. Measure of location
c. Measure of dispersion

43. Which of the following does defines descriptive statistics

a. Organize, analyze and present the data in a meaningful manner
b. Final results are shown in form of charts tables and graphs
c. Describes the data which is already known
d. All of the given options

44. Which of the given options doesexplains statistics as Arts

a. Generalizations via theory / principles
b. Based on facts & data
c. Avoid vague judgements
d. All of the given options
45. If mean of a normal distributed data set is 500 and standard deviation is 15; estimate
what will be the probability that a workers will be able to complete their task within
485 hours to 515 hours
a. 99%
b. None of the given options
c. 68%
d. 75%

46. The variance of height of students in classroom is 47 and mean height is 164 cm.
Estimate the standard deviation for the height of the students.
a. 0.28
b. 6.01
c. 0
d. 6.86

47. Decide which form of error causes acceptance of hypothesis which should have been
rejected
a. Type 2 error
b. Sampling error
c. Type 1 error
d. none of the given option

48. In a dataset of ages in years of the cars worked on by the Village Autohans last week,
estimate the mode of this data set - 5,6,3,6,11,7,9,10,2,4,10,6,2,1,5
a. 6
b. 2
c. 10
d. 5

49. Choose which of the following indicates the probability of a age of students being
within 2 standard deviation from mean, considering the data is not normally
distributed
a. 75%
b. 68%
c. 95%
d. 98%
50. The grades on a history midterm at Almond are roughly symmetric with mean = 71
and standard deviation =3.3 Luis scored 79 on the exam. Evaluate the z-score for
Luis's exam grade. Round to two decimal places.
a. 0
b. 2.24
c. 2.42
d. 4.24

51. If the sample size is less than 30, then which of the given statistical tool will be used
to evaluate the distance of a value from its mean.
a. normal distribution
b. t statistics
c. continuous distribution
d. z score

52. Select which of the following is not a secondary source of information

a. Statistical data
b. Questionnaire/ surveys
c. Directories
d. Government data

53. Choose from the following what does a hypothesis means

a. All of the given options
b. Presumption made in a situation
c. Presumption made to define a situation
d. Presumption made to be tested

54. With an aim to examine the use of Macbooks among students, a class was divided
into those who have it and those who do not have it. Based on these segregation,
randomly 20 students from each group was taken as a part of sample. Identify which
sampling method which is used in this analysis

a. Snowball sampling
b. Cluster random sampling
c. Stratified Random sampling
d. All of the given options
55. In a data set, ................. represents a characteristic of interest for the elements.
a. Scale
b. Elements
c. Variables
d. Observations

56. The set of all experimental outcomes is known as

a. Sample space
b. Sample target
c. Sample Size
d. None of the given options

57. When sample size is 8, Choose which of the excel function can utilised to calculate
the probability of attaining a value to the left of 3.8.

a. t.dist(3.8,4,true)
b. t.dist(3.8,8,false)
c. t.dist(6.2,8,true)
d. None of the given option

58. In a standardized Normal distribution, mean is equal to

a. 0
b. 2
c. 1
d. 3

59. If the (N+1)/2th value for median is 4.5th. Identify which value would be taken to
estimate the median value

a. (6th value + 5th value)/2

b. (3rd value + 5th value)/2
c. (4th value + 3th value)/2
d. (4th value + 5th value)/2
60. If variance of weight of students in a class is 45.3, then choose which one of the
following would indicate the correct standard deviation.
a. 3.76
b. 6.34
c. 7.63
d. 6.73

61. Estimate what will be the probability that the weight of the female employee working
in a school is between 70-80 kg (note: the data is symmetric and mean weight of all
female employees is 75 kg and SD is 5)

a. 75% approx
b. 98% approx
c. 68% approx
d. 99% approx

62. Choose which scale of measurement will be used to measure this - "Circle the number
of members in your family below 10 years of age"
a. Ordinal scale
b. Ratio scale
c. Interval scale
d. Nominal scale

63. Missing data and outliers are examples of ………………………errors

a. Standard error
b. None of the given option
c. non sampling error
d. sampling error

64. Swifty market compares the price charged for identical items in all of its food stores.
Based on the prices charged by each store i.e. $1.8, $0.98, $1.09,$1.24, $1.33, $1.14,
$1.55, $1.08, examine the median price per pound.

a. 1.09
b. 1.14
c. 1.19
d. 1.24
65. The mean of selling price of a 75 Ball pen is 7.6 and standard deviation is 2. If the
price of Pen is increased by Rs.5, what will the change in mean of the selling price
a. Mean will increase
b. None of the given option
c. Mean will decrease
d. No change in Mean

66. A researcher selected every 5th person in a row to be a part of his sample group.
Evaluate the form of sampling
a. Cluster sampling
b. Snowball sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. systematic sampling

67. If Ho: Mean is not equal to 10 ; Identify whether it is two tailed analysis or one tailed
test.
a. Information not sufficient
b. One sided test
c. Two sided test
d. Both one sided and two sided

68. Median divides a data set into two equal half, while 1st quartile divides data into
a. 1/3rd
b. 1/2th
c. 1/4th
d. 3/4th

69. If in a continuous series, 10-40 has highest frequency of 5, then choose what can we
call this class interval
a. Median class
b. Quartile
c. Modal class
d. None of the given option

70. If a data series has 8 values, assess the formula to calculate median
a. Average of minimum and maximum value
b. Average of 4th and 5th value
c. Middle value
d. Average of 3rd and 4th value
71. Identify the form of dataset where data is collected at the same or approximately the
same point in time.
a. Time series data
b. Nominal data
c. Cross sectional data
d. None of the given options

72. If null hypothesis (*H0*): p1 = p2 i.e. there is no difference between effectiveness of

two drugs, then choose which one can be its alternative hypothesis
a. All of the given option
b. *Ha*: p1 is not equal to p2
c. *Ha*: p1>p2
d. *Ha*: p1 < p2

73. Choose which of the following scale measures the labels or names used to identify an
attribute of the element and can be ranked
a. Interval scale
b. Ordinal scale
c. Ratio scale
d. Nominal scale

74. Choose which of the following components are not required in defining a research
problem
a. Presence of doubt on existing means to solve problems
b. Presence of an environment where the difficulty exists
c. Existence of alternative means
d. Survey the literature

75. Choose which one of the following is NOT a pre-requisite of data presentation
a. Credibility
b. Distortion
c. None of the given options
d. Double or disseminate impact

76. If mean is 100 and standard deviation is 5, then what are the chances/ probability to
have a value less than 103, Compute the value of Z statistic
a. 0.61
b. 0.16
c. 0.06
d. 0.6
77. Z statistic is based on assumption of normal distribution, while t statistic is dependent
upon
a. Standard Deviation
b. Degree of Freedom
c. All of the given option
d. Mean

78. Sample mean is denoted by which of the following symbols

a. xbar
b. none of the given options
c. µ
d. sigma

79. Choose which of the following represents tabular summary of data showing the
number of items in each of several non-overlapping classes.
a. Sample Distribution
b. Frequency distribution
c. Continuous Distribution
d. Normal Disctribution

80. If the data is collection for the given question ' How many kids are there in your house
below the age of 6 years'. Choose which scale would be appropriate for this question.
a. Ratio scale
b. Ordinal scale
c. Nominal scale
d. Interval scale

81. Identify which of the following indicates the *set of all experimental outcomes*
a. Sample frame
b. None of the given options
c. Sample size
d. Sampling error
82. A generator is often out of service. In last 6 month, the generator was out of service
for 3,2,4,5,3,2 days respectively. Estimate the average days for which the generator
was out of service.
a. 9.23
b. 3.16
c. 3.97
d. 2.67

83. If critical values for rejection region is ±1.64 in two tailed hypothesis test and t
statistic is 0.92, decide whether the null hypothesis of sample mean?20 is accepted or
rejected.
a. None of the given option
b. Accepted
c. Insufficient information to decide
d. Rejected

84. Choose which position of the data set is shown by median.

a. All of the given option
b. Middle point
c. Maximum point
d. Lowest Point
85. A manufacturer wants to choose one supplier out of the two suppliers of raw material.
The supplier one supplied quantity in last 3 months in 10, 11, 12 days respectively
from the date of order placed. Supplier 2, supplied the order in 5,10,18 days
respectively. Choose which of the following test will be more appropriate to select the
suppliers
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Standard deviation
d. Mode

86. In a questionnaire, respondent were asked to provide their 'Gender' as 'Male/female'.

Evaluate which scale of measurement can be used to measure this variable
a. Ordinal Scale
b. Nominal Scale
c. Interval Scale
d. Ratio Scale
87. If in hypothesis testing, critical value if 7.86 while test estimate from z score is 6.13.
Choose what can be inferred in this situation

a. Do not reject the null hypothesis as critical value> test estimate

b. Do not reject the null hypothesis as critical value < test estimate
c. Reject the null hypothesis as critical value > test estimate
d. Reject the null hypothesis as critical value < test estimate

88. A data set has two values - 5 and 7, both has frequency of 3 each. Choose what name
is provided to such dataset
a. Binomial
b. Unimodal
c. Multimodal
d. Bimodal

89. In a survey, investigator asked about the gender of the respondents. Identify which
scale of measurement will be used to measure this variable 'Gender'
a. Ordinal
b. Interval
c. Ratio
d. None of the given option
90.
Q1 What distinguishes exclusive and inclusive class intervals in
classification?

Exclusive and inclusive class intervals are two ways of

categorizing data in statistical analysis:

1. *Exclusive Class Intervals*: In exclusive class

intervals, the upper limit of one interval is excluded from
the lower limit of the next interval. For example, if you
have data ranging from 1 to 10 and want to create
intervals of width 2, you would have intervals like (1, 3),
(3, 5), (5, 7), and (7, 9).

2. *Inclusive Class Intervals*: In inclusive class intervals,

both the upper limit of one interval and the lower limit of
the next interval overlap. Using the same example data
ranging from 1 to 10 and creating intervals of width 2,
you would have intervals like [1, 3), [3, 5), [5, 7), and [7,
9).

The distinction is mainly in how the intervals are defined

and how they are represented visually. Inclusive
intervals are often used when dealing with continuous
data, as they ensure that every data point falls into
exactly one interval without ambiguity. Exclusive
intervals are more common in some statistical methods
and representations, especially when dealing with
discrete data or when precision in measurement is
crucial.
Q2: Explain how statistics and research are interconnected with examples.

Statistics and research are deeply interconnected, as statistics provides the tools
and methods to analyze data collected through research, and research generates the
data that statistics analyzes. Here are some examples of how they are
interconnected:

1. *Hypothesis Testing*: In research, hypotheses are formulated based on theories

or observations, and statistical tests are used to assess the likelihood that the
observed data supports or contradicts these hypotheses. For example, a researcher
may hypothesize that a new drug is effective in treating a certain condition. They
would collect data from clinical trials and use statistical tests to determine whether
the observed improvement in patients' condition is statistically significant.

2. *Descriptive Statistics*: Research often involves describing characteristics of a

population or sample. Descriptive statistics, such as mean, median, mode, standard
deviation, and percentiles, are used to summarize and present the data collected in
research studies. For example, a survey may collect data on the ages of participants,
and descriptive statistics would be used to summarize the age distribution of the
sample.

3. *Regression Analysis*: Research often aims to understand relationships between

variables. Regression analysis is a statistical technique used to quantify the
relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable.
For example, a researcher may investigate the relationship between income and
education level among individuals, using regression analysis to determine how
strongly education level predicts income.

4. *Experimental Design*: Research often involves designing experiments to test

hypotheses and make causal inferences. Statistical methods are used to design
experiments that minimize bias and maximize the chances of detecting true effects.
For example, in a clinical trial testing the effectiveness of a new treatment, statistical
methods are used to design the trial, including determining sample size, randomizing
participants to treatment groups, and analyzing the data to draw conclusions about
the treatment's efficacy.

5. *Data Visualization*: Research often involves presenting findings visually to

communicate results effectively. Statistical techniques are used to create
visualizations such as histograms, scatter plots, and bar charts to summarize and
present data. For example, a researcher may use a histogram to visually represent
the distribution of test scores among students in a study.

Overall, statistics provides the framework for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting
data in research, while research generates the data that drives statistical analysis
and informs decision-making. They are deeply interconnected and essential
components of the scientific process.
3. What is normal distribution and enumerate some of its properties
1. A simple random sample of 40 items resulted in a sample mean of 25. The
population standard deviation is a=5.
a. What is the standard error of the mean
b. At 95% confidence, what is the margin of the error.