It is widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language. Developed
by Guido van Rossum in 1991.
Features of Python 1. Easy to use 2. Interpreted language 3. Cross-platform language
Modes in Python: i) Interactive Mode: It executes one by one command. ii) Script Mode: It used to execute the multiple instruction (complete program) at once.
Tokens: A token is the smallest individual unit in a python program. It is also
known as Lexical Unit. Keywords: Python keywords are unique words reserved with defined meanings. Eg :print Identifiers: Identifiers are names used to identify a variable or function. Eg: variable name Literals: Literals are the fixed values or data items used in a source code.
Operators: An operator is used to perform specific mathematical or logical operation on values. i) Arithmetic operators : =,+-,*,//,% ii) Assignment operators : =,+=,-= iii) Comparison operators: <,>,==,<=,>= iv) Logical operators: and, or,NOT v) Membership operators: in, not in
Comments in python: Comments are non-executable statements of
python. Types of comment: i) i. Single line comment (#) – comments only single line. ii) ii. Multi-line comment (‘‘‘………..’’’) – Comments multiple line.
Input Statement: Input()-This function first takes the input from the user and converts it into a string. name = input('What is your name?\n') Output using print() function: print() : function prints the message on the screen or any other standard output device.
Numbers: Number data types store numeric values.
Python supports four different numerical types • int (signed integers) • long (long integers, they can also be represented in octal and hexadecimal) • float (floating point real values) • complex (complex numbers)
Strings: String in Python are identified as a contiguous set of characters
represented in the quotation marks. Python allows for either pairs of single or double quotes. print str # Prints complete string Hello World! print str[0] # Prints first character of the string H print str[2:5] # Prints characters starting from 3rd to 5th llo print str[2:] # Prints string starting from 3rd character llo World! print str * 2 # Prints string two times Hello World!Hello World! print str + "TEST" # Prints concatenated string Hello World!TEST
Lists: A list contains items separated by commas and enclosed within square brackets ([]). list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ] tinylist = [123, 'john'] print list # Prints complete list ['abcd', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2] print list[0] # Prints first element of the list- abcd print list[1:3] # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd - [786, 2.23] print list[2:] # Prints elements starting from 3rd element -[2.23, 'john', 70.2] print tinylist * 2 # Prints list two times-[123, 'john', 123, 'john'] print list + tinylist # Prints concatenated lists-['abcd', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2, 123, 'john']
Tuples: A tuple is another sequence data type that is similar to the list. tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ) tinytuple = (123, 'john') print tuple # Prints the complete tuple--('abcd', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2) print tuple[0] # Prints first element of the tuple-- abcd print tuple[1:3] # Prints elements of the tuple starting from 2nd till 3rd --(786, 2.23) print tuple[2:] # Prints elements of the tuple starting from 3rd element--(2.23, 'john', 70.2) print tinytuple * 2 # Prints the contents of the tuple twice--(123, 'john', 123, 'john') print tuple + tinytuple # Prints concatenated tuples-- ('abcd', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2, 123, 'john')
Dictionary: Python's dictionaries are kind of hash table type. They consist of key-value pairs dict = {} 31 dict['one'] = "This is one" dict[2] = "This is two" tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'} print dict['one'] # Prints value for 'one' key This is one print dict[2] # Prints value for 2 key This is two print tinydict # Prints complete dictionary {'dept': 'sales', 'code': 6734, 'name': 'john'} print tinydict.keys() # Prints all the keys ['dept', 'code', 'name'] print tinydict.values() # Prints all the values ['sales', 6734, 'john']
Boolean: Boolean represent one of two values: True or False. Type conversion: i) Explicit conversion: int(value) – convert value to an integer. ii) Implicit conversion: In implicit conversion, data conversion is done automatically. Var=10.5(float) Control statements: There are three types of control statements. i. Decision Making Statements ii. Iteration Statements (Loops) iii. Jump Statements (break, continue, pass)
Decision Making Statement: Decision making statement used to control the
flow of execution of program depending upon condition. There are three types of decision making statement. i. if statements ii. if-else statements iii. Nested if-else statement
Iteration Statements (Loops):
Iteration statements(loop) are used to execute a block of statements as long as the condition is true. Python Iteration (Loops) statements are of three type :- 1. While Loop: while (condition): statement [statements] 2. For Loop: for val in sequence: statements for val in range(start,stop,step): statements 3. Jump Statements There are three types of jump statements used in python. 1.break 2.continue 3.pass i) break it is used to terminate the loop. ii) Continue: It is used to skip all the remaining statements in the loop and move controls back to the top of the loop. iii) pass Statement: This statement does nothing. It can be used when a statement is required syntactically but the program requires no action.
