1. A sound wave of frequency 100 Hz is travelling detector D as in figure. B in air. The speed of sound in air is 350 m/s. (a) (b) Also determine the intensity of the resultant By how much is the phase changed at a given sound wave as recorded by detector D . Velocity point in 2.5 ms? (b) What is the phase differ- of sound = 340 m/s. ence at a given instant between two points A 2.4m separated by a distance of 10.0 cm along the D direction of propagation? 90° 2. The equation of a travelling sound wave is y = 1m 6.0 sin (600 t - 1.8 x) where y is measured in 10-5 m, t in second and x in metre. (a) Find the ratio of the displacement amplitude of the par- ticles to the wavelength of the wave. (b) Find B the ratio of the velocity amplitude of the par- ticles to the wave speed. 10. Two identical loudspeakers are located at points A & B, 2 m apart. The loudspeakers are driven 3. A man stands before a large wall at a distance by the same amplifier. A small detector is moved of 100.0 m and claps his hands at regular in- out from point B along a line perpendicular to tervals. In such way that echo of a clap merges the line connecting A & B. Taking speed of with the next clap. If he has to clap 5 times sound in air as 332 m/s. Find the frequency during every 3 seconds, find the velocity of below which there will be no position along the sound in air. line BC at which destructive interference oc- 4. Calculate the speed of sound in oxygen from curs. A the following data. The mass of 22.4 litre of oxygen at STP 2m (T = 273 K and p= 1.0 x 105 N/m2) is 32 g, the molar heat capacity of oxygen at constant vol- B ume is Cv = 2.5 R and that at constant pres- sure is Cp = 3.5 R. 11. A source of sound S and a detector D are 5. In a mixture of gases, the average number of placed at some distance from one another. A degrees of freedom per molecule is 6. The rms big cardboard is placed near the detector and speed of the molecules of the gas is c. Find perpendicular to the line SD as shown in fig- the velocity of sound in the gas. ure. It is gradually moved away and it is found that the intensity changes from a maximum to 6. Find the intensity of sound wave whose a minimum as the board is moved through a frequency is 250 Hz. The displacement distance of 20 cm. Find the frequency of the amplitude of particles of the medium at this sound emitted. Velocity of sound in air is 336 position is 1 × 10–8 m. The density of the m/s. medium is 1 kg/m3, bulk modulus of elasticity of the medium is 400 N/m2. 7. Two identical sounds A and B reach a point in the same phase. The resultant sound is C. The S D loudness of C is n dB higher than the loudness of A. Find the value of n. 12. Sound of wavelength passes through a 8. The loudness level at a distance R from a long linear source of sound is found to be 40dB. At Quincke’s tube, which is adjusted to give a this point, the amplitude of oscillations of air maximum intensity I0. Find the distance through molecules is 0.01 cm. Then find the loudness the sliding tube should be moved to give an intensity I0/2. level & amplitude at a point located at a distance ‘10R’ from the source. 13. The stationary wave y = 2a sin kx cos w t in a closed organ pipe is the result of the 9. Two point sound sources A and B each of power 25 W and frequency 850 Hz are 1 m apart. superposition of y = a sin (wt – kx) & (a) Determine the phase difference between 14. The equation of a longitudinal standing wave the waves emitting from A and B received by due to superposition of the progressive waves
produced by Two sources of sound is s = –20 20. An open organ pipe filled with air has a sin 10 x sin 100 t where s is the displace- fundamental frequency 500 Hz. The first ment from mean position measured in mm, x is harmonic of another organ pipe closed at one in metres and t in seconds. The specific grav- end and filled with carbon dioxide has the same ity of the medium is 10-3. Density of water = frequency as that of the first harmonic of the 103 kg/m3. Find: open organ pipe. Calculate the length of each (a) Wavelength, frequency and velocity of the pipe. Assume that the velocity of sound in air progressive waves. and in carbondioxide to be 330 and 264 m/s (b) Bulk modulus of the medium and the pres- respectively. sure amplitude . 21. Two identical piano wires have a fundamental (c) Minimum distance between pressure antin- frequency of 600 vib/sec, when kept under ode and a displacement antinode. the same tension. What fractional increase in (d) Intensity at the displacement nodes. the tension of one wire will lead to the occur- 15. A tube 1.0 m long is closed at one end. A wire rence of six beats per second when both wires of length 0.3 m and mass 1 × 10–2 kg is vibrate simultaneously. stretched between two fixed ends and is placed 22. A metal wire of diameter 1 mm, is held on two near the open end. When the wire is plucked knife edges separated by a distance of 50 cm. at its mid point the air column resonates in its The tension in the wire is 100 N. The wire 1st overtone. Find the tension in the wire if it vibrating in its fundamental frequency and a vibrates in its fundamental mode. Vibrating tuning fork together produces 5 beats [Vsound = 330 m/s] per sec. The tension in the wire is then re- 16. A closed organ pipe of length = 100 cm is cut duced to 81 N. When the two are excited, into two unequal pieces. The fundamental fre- beats are again at the same rate. Calculate quency of the new closed organ pipe piece is (a) the frequency of the fork found to be same as the frequency of first (b) the density of the material of the wire. overtone of the open organ pipe piece. Deter- 23. Two stationary sources A and B are sounding mine the length of the two pieces and the notes of frequency 680 Hz. An observer moves fundamental tone of the open pipe piece. Take from A to B with a constant velocity u. If the velocity of sound = 320 m/s. speed of sound is 340 ms–1, what must be the 17. Find the number of possible natural oscillations value of u so that he hears 10 beats per second of air column in a pipe whose frequencies lie 24. Tuning fork A when sounded with a tuning fork below v0 = 1250 Hz. The length of the pipe is B of frequency 480 Hz gives 5 beats per second. = 85 cm. The velocity of sound is v = 340 m/s. When the prongs of A are loaded with wax, it Consider the two cases: gives 3 beats per second. Find the original (a) the pipe is closed from one end frequency of A. (b) the pipe is opened from both ends. The open ends of the pipe are assumed to be 25. A, B and C are three tuning forks. Frequency the antinodes of displacement. of A is 350 Hz. Beats produced by A and B are 5 per second and by B and C are 4 per second. 18. The first overtone of a pipe closed at one end When a wax in put on A beat frequency resonates with the third harmonic of a string between A and B is 2Hz and between A and C fixed at its ends. The ratio of the speed of is 6Hz. Then, find the frequency of B and C sound to the speed of transverse wave respectively. travelling on the string is 2 : 1. Find the ratio of the length of pipe to the length of string. 26. S, O & W represent source of sound (of fre- quency f), observer & wall respectively. V0, 19. In a resonance-column experiment, a long tube, Vs, VD, V are velocity of observer, source, wall open at the top, is clamped vertically. By a & sound (in still air) respectively. VW is the separate device, water level inside the tube velocity of wind. They are moving as shown. can be moved up or down. The section of the Find tube from the open end to the water level act as a closed organ pipe. A vibrating tuning fork is held above the open end, first and the vw vD second resonances occur when the water level is 24.1 cm and 74.1 cm respectively below the V0 vs open end. Find the diameter of the tube. [Hint : end correction is 0.3d]
(i) The wavelength of the waves coming to- 29. The loudness level at a distance R from a long wards the observer from source. linear source of sound is found to be 40dB. At (ii) The wavelength of the waves incident on this point, the amplitude of oscillations of air the wall. molecules is 0.01 cm. Then find the loudness (iii) The wavelength of the waves coming to- level & amplitude at a point located at a wards observer from the wall. distance ‘10R’ from the source. (iv) Frequency of the waves (as detected by O) coming from wall after reflection. 30. A fixed source of sound emitting a certain frequency appears as fa when the observer is 27. S is source R is receiver. R and S are at rest. approaching the source with speed v and Frequency of sound from S is f. Find the beat frequency fr when the observer recedes from frequency registered by R. Velocity of sound is v. the source with the same speed. Find the u frequency of the source. (const.) 31. The first overtone of an open organ pipe beats S with the first overtone of a closed organ pipe R with a beat frequency of 2.2 Hz. The funda- mental frequency of the closed organ pipe is 110 Hz. Find the lengths of the pipes. Velocity of sound = 330 m/s 28. A car moving towards a vertical wall sounds a horn. The driver hears that the sound of the horn reflected from the cliff has a pitch half- octave higher than the actual sound. Find the ratio of the velocity of the car and the velocity of sound.
