TABLE

OF SOLUTIONS

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OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Page
Q4 , Q5 , Q10 , Q14 , Q15 , Q21 , Q22 , Q29 01
Page
Q37 , Q42 , Q48 , Q51 , Q54 , Q57 02
Page
Q58 , Q66 03

COMPETENCY QUESTIONS
Page
Q69 , Q71 , Q73 03
Page
Q75 , Q76 , Q77 , Q79 04
Page
Q81 , Q83 05

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SA-I)

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Q93 , Q96 , Q100 , Q101 05 Q109 , Q110 06

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SA-II)

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Q114 , Q116 , Q117 , Q120 06 Q129 , Q131 08
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Q121 , Q123, Q125 , Q127 , Q128 07

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LA)

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Q136 , Q138 08 Q157 , Q159 , Q160 13
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Q139 , Q140 , Q142 09 Q161 , Q162 14
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Q143 , Q146 10 Q163 , Q164 15
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Q148 , Q150 11 Q165 16
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Q153 , Q154 , Q155 12
  ANSWER SHEET

SELF PRACTICE
4. (b) A = B = 45º 1
⇒ cosec q + cot q =
Explanation: sin (A + B) = cos (A – B) = 1 cosec θ − cot θ
⇒ sin (A + B) = 1 ⇒ sin (A + B) = sin 90º
⇒ A + B = 90º [ sin 90° = 1] ...(i) 1
= =3
Also cos (A – B) = 1 ⇒ cos (A – B) = cos 0º 1
⇒ A – B = 0 or A = B [ cos 0° = 1] 3
Putting in (i), we get
15. (b) 30°
2A = 90º ⇒ A = 45º
Explanation: 2 sin 2q = 3
∴ A = B = 45º

⇒ sin 2q = 3
169
5. (a) 2
60
⇒ sin 2q = sin 60°
5
Explanation: cos A =  3
13 Qsin 60° = 
 2 
25 25 
⇒ cos2 A = ⇒ 1 – sin2 A =
169 169 ⇒ 2q = 60° ⇒ q = 30°

144 12 21. (c) 16º

⇒ sin2 A = or sin A =
169 13 Explanation:
12 sin (44º + q) = cos 30º
sin A 13 12
Now, tan A = = = ⇒ cos [90º – (44º + θ)] = cos 30º
cos A 5 5
13 [ sin q = cos (90° – q)]
⇒ 46º – θ = 30º
1 5
⇒ cot A = = or θ = 16º
tan A 12

12 5 169 22. (a) –1

So, tan A + cot A = + =
5 12 60 Explanation:
sec q + tan q + 1 = 0
10. (a) 0

⇒ sec q + tan q = – 1 ...(i)
Explanation: sec q cot q – cosec q tan q
2 2
1 cos θ 1 sin θ Now, sec q – tan q = 1
= · − ·
cos θ sin θ sin θ cos θ
⇒(sec q – tan q) (sec q + tanq) =1
1 1 cos θ − sin θ
⇒ (sec q – tan q)(– 1) = 1 [Using (i)]
= − =
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
⇒ sec q – tan q = – 1
1
[At q = 45º, sin q = cos q = ] 3
2 29.
0 4
= = 0 Explanation: 3 sec θ – 5 = 0
sin θ cos θ
5
14. (c) 3 ⇒ 3 sec θ = 5 ⇒ sec θ =
3
Explanation: We know that:
cosec2 q – cot2 q = 1 25
⇒ sec2 θ =
i.e. (cosec q + cot q) (cosec q – cot q) = 1 9

1
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 25 Now, if the height of the tower is increased by
⇒ 1 + tan2 θ = 10%, new height h’ = h + 10% of h.
9 
10 h 11h
[ sec2 q = 1 + tan2 q] = h+ h = h+ =
100 10 10
16
Distance of point of observation from its foot is
⇒ tan2 θ =
9 also increased by 10%.
10 x
4 New distance x’ = x +
⇒ tan θ = 100
3
x 11x
3 = x+ =
⇒ cot θ = 10 10
4
In DPQR,
P
37. 0
2 cos 67° tan 40°
Explanation:
− − cos 0°
sin 23° cot 50° h'

=
(
2 cos 90º − 23º )− tan 40º
−1
sin 23º (
cot 90º − 40º ) 
Q
2
x' R
[Q cos 0° = 1]
11h
2 sin 23° tan 40° PR h' 10 h
= − −1 tan q2 = = = =
sin 23° tan 40°  QR x ' 11x x
Qcos ( 90° − θ ) = sin θ 10
 
 cot ( 90 − θ ) = tan θ  ⇒ tan q2 =
h
 ...(ii)
=2–1–1 x

=0
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
tan q1 = tan q2
42. 90°
Explanation: ⇒ q1 = q2

Given: tan A = cot B
Hence, the required angle of elevation of its top
remains unchanged.
⇒ tan A = tan (90º – B)
[cot q = tan (90° – q)] 51. False
Explanation:
⇒ A = 90º – B
(sin 80º – cos 80º) = sin 80º – cos (90º – 10º)
⇒ A + B = 90º = sin 80º – sin 10º
48. True. [Q cos (90º – q) = sin q]
Here, we know that sin q is an increasing
Explanation: Let AC be the tower of height h
function.
and the distance of the point of observation
So, sin 80º > sin 10º ⇒ sin 80º – sin 10º > 0.
from its foot be x.

In DABC, 54. Given, sin x + cos y = 1 and x = 30º.
A \ sin 30º + cos y = 1
1 1
⇒ cos y = 1 − =
2 2
h
⇒ cos y = cos 60º

θ1 \ y = 60º
B x C Hence, the value of y is 60º.

AC h 3
tan q1 = = ...(i) 57. (1 + cos A) (1 – cos A) =
BC x 4

2 Mathematics Class X
 3 Explanation: cot (90° – R)
⇒ 1 – cos2 A =
4 Side adjacent to angle P PQ
= cot P = =
2 3 1 Side opposite to angle P QR

⇒ cos A = 1 – =

⇒ 2
sec A = 4 4 4
15

⇒ sec A = ±2 =
8
58. Let, AB be the tower and C be the point of
9
observation on the ground. 71. (C) (a)
4
From point C, the angle of elevation to the top Explanation:
A of the tower AB is 60º. In DABD,
In ∆ABC, Side opposite to angle R
A tan D =
Side adjacent to angle D
AB 4
= = =2
BD 2
In DABC,
60° Side adjacent toangle C
cot C =
C B Side oppositetoangle C

AB BC 1
tan 60º = = =
BC AB 4
1 9
AB So, tan D + cot C = 2 + =
4 4
⇒ 3 =
50
97
(D) (c)
⇒ AB = 50 3 85
Explanation:
Hence, the height of the tower is 50 3 m.
In DABC,
66. Here, cosec q = 2x Side opposite to angle C
sin C =
2 Hypotenuse
and cot q =
x AB 4
2 = =
 2 AC 17
Now, cosec2 q – cot2 q = (2x)2 –  
 x and in DABD,
4 Side adjacent to angle D

⇒ 1 = 4x2 – cos D =
x2 Hypotenuse
[cosec q – cot2 q = 1]
2 BD 2 1
= = =
AD 2 5 5
 1

⇒ 4  x2 −  = 1 2 2
 x2  2  4 
2
 1 
Now, sin C + cos D =   +  
 17   5
 1 1

⇒ 2  x2 −  = 16 1 97
 2
x  2 = + =
17 5 85
17
69. (B) (c) 72
8 73. (B) (c)
Explanation: 65
Explanation:
Hypotenuse
cosec P = Side adjacent to angle P
Side opposite to angle P cot P =
Side opposite to angle P

PR 17 PQ 72
= = = =
QR 8 QR 65

15 333
(D) (d) (E) (c)
8 20

3
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 PQ 72 3 48
Explanation: sin R = = ; ⇒ =
PR 97 2 BP
QR 65 65
sin P = PR = ;tan P = . 96 96 3
97 72 ⇒ BP = = ×
3 3 3
6 13
Now + – 12 tan P
sin R sin P 96 3
= = 32 3 m.
3
6 13 65 (E) (a) 96 m
= 72 + 65 – 12 × Explanation: The distance of the top C of
72
97 97 the telecom tower BC from the point P =
PC.
97 97 65
= 6 × + 13 × – ∴ In DAPC,
72 65 6
AP
cos 60° =
PC
97 97 65
= + –
12 5 6 1 48
⇒ =
2 PC
97 × 5 + 97 × 12 − 65 × 10
=
60 ⇒ PC = 96 m

999 333
= = 77. (D) (b) 8 3 m
60 20
Explanation: The distance of the straight
75. (B) (d) 30 m line joining the top of the tower to the point
Q = BQ.
Explanation: The distance of the ship from In DAQB,
the base of the light house after 10 seconds AB
from the initial position when the angle of sin Q = sin 60° =
BQ
depression changes to 45° is BC which can
3 12
be found by finding tan 45° in right triangle ⇒ =
2 BQ
ABC, as ship has moved from D to C in 10 s.
24 24 3
AB 30 ⇒ BQ = = ×
tan 45° = 1 = = 3 3 3
BC BC
⇒ BC = 30 m. = 8 3 m

(E) (b) 4 3( 3 + 1) m
(E) (d) 5( 3 + 1)s
Explanation: The total distance between
Distance
Explanation: Time taken = the points P and Q = PQ = PA + AQ
speed
= 12 + 4 3
BC 30
= =
3( 3 − 1) 3( 3 − 1) ⇒ PQ = 4 3( 3 + 1) m

10( 3 + 1) 10( 3 + 1) 79. (B) In DPCD,

= =
( 3 − 1)( 3 + 1) 2
PC
cos 60° =
PD
= 5( 3 – 1)s
1 10 ( 3 − 1)
⇒ =
76. (C) (a) 32 3 m 2 PD

Explanation: The distance of the top B of ⇒ PD = 20 ( 3 − 1) m

the building AB from the point P = BP.
So, in DABP (D) Height of the tree = CD = AB = AP = 10 3
AP ( 3 – 1)
cos 30° =
BP

4 Mathematics Class X
 H
 ence, height of both the trees is 10 3 In DABC
B
( 3 – 1) m.

81. (D) (a) 10 3 s h

Explanation: Total distance travelled by

the balloon = AC 60°
C B
= AB + BC = 50 + 50 ( 3 – 1) = 50 3 m. 2m

Speed of balloon = 5 m/s. [From part (B)] AB

tan 60º =
BC
Distance
Therefore, time taken = h
Speed ⇒ 3 =
2

50 3 ⇒ h= 2 3
= = 10 3s
5
(E) (c) 100 m Hence, the height of the wall is 2 3 m.
Explanation: The straight line distance of
the line joining point C from the car parked at 96. Given: x = a cos3 q , y = b sin3 q
P = CP. 2/3 2/3
 x  y
∴ In DACP, Now,
L.H.S. =   +  
 a  b
AP
cos 60° =
CP 2/3 2/3
 3   3 
1 =  a cos θ  +  b sin θ 
50  a   b 
⇒ =
2 CP
⇒ CP = 100 m = (cos q)3 × 2/3 + (sin q)3 × 2/3
= cos2 q + sin2 q
= 1 = R.H.S.
83. (C) (b) 120( 3 – 1) m
[Q sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
Explanation: Height of the building CD = Hence, proved.
AE (since DEAC is a rectangle) = AB – BE
So, in DBDE, 100. (1 + tan2 θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ)
BE = (1 + tan2 θ) (1 – sin2 θ)
tan 45° = [Q(a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2]
DE
2 2
= sec θ . cos θ
BE [Q 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ and cos2 θ = 1 – sin2 θ]
⇒ 1= [ DE = AC]
120
1 2
 1 
⇒ BE = 120 = .cos θ = 1 Qsec θ = 
2
cos θ  cos θ

So, CD = 120 3 – 120 = 120( 3 – 1) m
101. Let height of tower be AB and its shadow be
(E) (a) 240 m BC.
Explanation: The distance of the straight

∴ AB: BC = 3 :1
line joining the top of the tower AB and the
bottom of the building CD = BC . AB 3

⇒ = ...(i)
In DABC, BC 1
AC Let angle of evevation of the sun be q.
cos 60° = Then, in ABC
BC
A
1 120
⇒ =
2 BC
⇒ BC = 240 m
93. Let, AC be a ladder placed along a wall AB.
Also, let ‘h’ be the height of the wall. θ
B C

5
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 AB 116. It is given that
= tan q
BC
sin θ + cos θ = 3
3 ⇒ (sin θ + cos θ)2 = 3
⇒ = tan q [Using (i)]
1 ⇒ sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 3
\ tan q = 3 ⇒ 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 3
⇒ tan q = tan 60° [sin2 q + cos­2 q = 1]
⇒ q = 60°. ⇒ 2 sin q cos q = 3 – 1 = 2
Hence, the angle of levation of the sun is 60°. ⇒ sin q cos q = 1 ...(i)
3 Now,
109. Given: tan θ =
4 sin θ cos θ

Squaring both sides, we get tan θ + cot θ = +
cos θ sin θ
9
tan2 θ = sin2 θ + cos2 θ
16 =
sin θ cos θ
9
⇒ sec2 θ – 1 =
[tan2 θ = sec2 θ – 1] 1
16 =
sin θ cos θ
25

⇒ sec2 θ =
16 1
= [Using (i)]
1
5

⇒ sec θ = = 1
4
Hence, proved.
4  1 

⇒ cos θ =  Qcos θ =  117. L.H.S. = (sin4 θ – cos4 θ + 1) cosec2 θ
5  sec θ 
= [(sin2 q + cos2 q) (sin2 q – cos2 q) + 1] cosec2 q
16 = [(1) (sin2 q – cos2 q) + 1] cosec2 q
2 1−
1 − cos θ 25 = 9  [ sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
So, =
1 + cos2 θ 16 41
= [sin2q + (1 – cos2q)] cosec2 q
1+
25
= (sin2 q + sin2 q) cosec2 q
110. Given: tan θ = 3 = (2 sin2 q) cosec2 q

⇒ tan θ = tan 60° 1

= 2 sin2 q ×

sin2 θ
[ tan 60° = 3]
=2×1

= 2 = R.H.S.
⇒ θ = 60°
Hence, proved.
2 sec θ 2 sec θ
2
So, = = = 2 cos θ 120. L.H.S. = (sin θ + cos θ + 1) (sin θ + cos θ – 1) .
1 + tan2 θ sec2 θ sec θ
sec θ cosec θ
1 2 2
= 2cos 60° = 2 × =1 = [(sin θ + cos θ) – (1) ] . sec θ cosec θ
2
cot θ + cosec θ − 1 [Q (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
114. L.H.S. = 2 2
cot θ − cosec θ + 1 = [sin θ + cos θ + 2 sin θ cos θ – 1] sec θ cosec θ
= [1 + 2 sin θ cos θ – 1] sec θ cosec θ
(cot θ + cosec θ ) − ( cosec2θ − cot2 θ ) [Q sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1]
=
cot θ − cosec θ + 1 1 1
= (2 sin q cos q) ×
cos θ sin θ
[Q cosec­2 q – cot2 q = 1]
 1 
(cot θ + cosec θ)(1 − cosec θ + cot θ) Q sec θ = 
=  cos θ
cot θ − cosec θ + 1
 1 
= cot θ + cosec θ  cosec θ = 
 sin θ 

cos θ 1 1+ cos θ
= + = = R.H.S. = 2 = R.H.S.
sin θ sin θ sinθ
Hence, proved.
Hence, proved

6 Mathematics Class X
121. Given: length of ladder, AB = 15 m cos A 1 + sin A
125. L.H.S. = +
Let h be the height of the vertical wall, AC. 1 + sin A cos A
A
cos2 A + (1 + sin A )2
=
cos A (1 + sin A )
60º

m
h cos2 A + 1 + sin2 A + 2 sin A

15
=
cos A (1 + sin A )

(cos2 A + sin2 A ) + 1 + 2 sin A

B C =
cos A (1 + sin A)
The ladder makes an angle of 60º with the wall.
∴ ∠BAC = 60° 1 + 1 + 2 sin A
=
∴ In DABC, cos A (1 + sin A )

AC h [ cos2 A + sin2 A = 1]
cos 60º = =
AB 15 2 + 2 sin A
=
cos A (1 + sin A )
1 h
⇒ =
2 15 2 (1 + sin A )
=
15 cos A (1 + sin A )
⇒ h = = 7.5 m
2 2
=
cos A
Hence, the required height of the wall is 7.5 m.
= 2 sec A = R.H.S.
123. Given, 4 tan θ = 3 Hence, proved.
3
⇒ tan θ = cos2 ( 45º + θ ) + cos2 ( 45º − θ )
4 127. L.H.S. =
Squaring both sides, we get tan (60º + θ ). tan (30º − θ )

tan2 θ =
9 cos2 [90º − ( 45º − θ )] + cos2 ( 45º − θ )
=
16 tan [90º − (30º − θ )]. tan (30º − θ )
9
⇒  sec2 θ – 1 =
=
( )
sin2 45º − θ + cos2 ( 45º − θ )
16
[tan­2 θ = sec2 θ – 1]
( )
cot 30º − θ tan 30º − θ ( )
Qcos ( 90° − θ ) = sin θ
25  
⇒ sec2 q =  tan ( 90° − θ ) = cot θ 
16 
5 1
⇒ sec q = =
4 1
× tan (30° − θ )
4 sin θ − cos θ + 1 tan (30° − θ )
Now,
4 sin θ + cos θ − 1
Q sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
Dividing the numerator and denominator by  
cos q.  1 
 cot θ = 
 tan θ 
4 sin θ − cos θ + 1 
4 tan θ − 1 + sec θ 1
= cos θ =
4 sin θ + cos θ − 1 4 tan θ + 1 − sec θ =
1
cos θ
= 1 = R.H.S.
3 5 5 Hence, proved.
4× − 1+ 2+
= 4 4 = 4
3 5 5 2 sin 68º 2 cot 15º
4× +1 − 4 − 128. − – 3 tan 40º tan 45º tan 50º
4 4 4 cos 22º tan 75º
13
= 2 sin (90º − 22º) 2 cot 15º
11 = −
cos 22º tan (90º − 15º )
13
Hence, the required value is .
11 – 3 tan 40° (1) + tan (90º – 40°)

7
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 2 cos 22º 2 cot 15º Hence, the height of the chimney is
= − – 3 tan 40° cot 40°
cos 22º cot 15º 20 ( 3 + 1) m.
=2–2–3=–3 138. Let AB be a building of height 50 m and CD
be a tower at a horizontal distance of BC from
129.
cos2 ( 45° + θ ) + cos2 ( 45° − θ ) the building.
tan (60° + θ ) × tan (30° − θ )
\ AB = CE = 50m, ∠DAE = 45° and ∠DBC =
+ (cot 30° + sin 90°) × (tan 60° − sec 0°) 60°
D
cos2 ( 45° + θ ) + sin2 ( 45° + θ )

°
45
= 60°
tan (60° + θ ) × cot (60° + θ ) D

+ ( 3 + 1) × ( 3 − 1) 45°
E
=1+2=3 50 m
50 m
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019]
60°
131. Given: B C
tan 2A = cot (A – 18º)
tan 2A = tan [90º – (A – 18º)] Let DE = ‘h’ m
[Q cot q = tan (90° – q)] Then, the height of tower = (h + 50) m
⇒ 2A = 90º – A + 18°
Now, in the right angled DDEA,
[on comparing angles on both sides]
⇒ 3A = 108° DE
tan 45º =
⇒ A = 36° AE
Hence the value of A is 36º. h
⇒ 1=
136. Let AB be the chimney and DC be the observer AE
at a distance of 20 3 m from the chimney. ⇒ AE = h...(i)
∴ CD = BE = 1.5 m Now, in the right angled DDBC,
BC = DE = 20 3 m, ∠ADE = 30°. DC
tan 60º =
BC

h DE + EC
⇒ 3 = [ BC = AE]
AE

⇒ 3 h = h + 50 [Using (i)]

⇒ h ( 3 – 1) = 50

Let the height of AE be ‘h’ m. 50 ( 3 + 1)

⇒ h= ×
Then the height of the chimney AB ( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1)
= AE + BE = (h + 1.5) m
50
Now, in the right angled DAED, ⇒ h= ( 3 + 1)
2
AE
tan 30º = = 25 × (1.73 + 1)
DE
= 25 × 2.73
1 h = 68.25
⇒ =
3 20 3 Hence, the height of the tower, DC
⇒ h = 20 = DE + EC
= 68.25 + 50
So, AB = h + 20 3
= 118.25 m
= 20 + 20 3
and the horizontal distance between the tower
= 20 ( 3 + 1) and the building is 68.25 m.

8 Mathematics Class X

∴ BC = 1.6 m, ∠AOC = 60° and ∠AOB = 45°.
139. C
X R
60º 30º
(h – 50) m
B

A 30º
S
xm 60°

°
45
O A
hm
In right ∆OAB,
AB
50 m 50 m = tan 45º = 1
OA
⇒ OA = AB ...(i)
60º
In right ∆OAC,
T AC
B = tan 60º = 3
xm OA
AC AB + 1.6
Let AB = Building of height 50 m ⇒ OA = = ...(ii)
3 3
RT = tower of height = h m
From (i) and (ii), we have:
BT = AS = x m
AB + 1.6
AB = ST = 50 m AB =
RS = TR – TS = (h – 50) m 3
In ΔARS, ⇒ 3 AB = AB + 1.6
RS ⇒ AB ( 3 − 1) = 1.6
tan 30º =
AS 1.6 3 +1
or AB = ×
1 3 −1 3 +1
= ( h − 50 ) ...(1)
3 x 16 ( 3 + 1)
=
In ΔRBT, 2
= 0.8 (1.73 + 1)
RT
tan 60º = = 0.8 × 2.73 = 2.184
BT
Thus, the height of the pedestal is 2.184 m.
h 142.
3 = ...(2) B C
x
Solving (1) and (2), we get
h = 75 from (2)
1500 3
h
x=
3 30°
60°
75 A
L M
=
3 BL
= 25 3 Let AL = x \ x = tan 60°

Hence, height of the tower = h = 75 1500 3
m ⇒ x = 3
Distance between the building and
⇒ x = 1500 m
the tower = 25 3 = 43.25 m
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019] CM 1
= tan 30° =
AL + LM 3
140. Let BC be the statue, standing on a pedestal ⇒ 1500 + LM = 1500(3) = 4500
AB and O be the point of observation on the
ground. ⇒ LM = 3000 m

9
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 3000 In right ∆QRY,
\ Speed =
15
= 200 m/s
= 720 Km/h
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2015]

Explanation: Let B and C be the two positions

of the aeroplane.

∴ ∠BAL = 60°, ∠CAM = 30°

and BL = CM = 1500 3m
B C RY
= tan 60º
QR

RY
⇒ = 3
QR
°
60 RY
30° ⇒ QR =
3 ..(i)
A L M
Now, in DBAL, In right ∆QRX,
BL XR
tan 60° = = tan 45º
AL QR

⇒ QR = XR = 7 ...(ii)
1500 3

⇒ 3 = From equation (i) and (ii), we have
AL
⇒ AL = 1500  ...(i) RY
=7
Similarly, in DCAM, 3
CM
tan 30° = ⇒ RY = 7 3
AM
Thus, height of the tower, XY

1 1500 3 = XR + RY

⇒ =
3 AM = 7 + 7 3
⇒ AM = 1500 × 3
= 4500
= 7 1 + 3 ( )
Now, distance covered by aeroplane during the = 7(1 + 1.73)
flight of 15 seconds.
= LM = 7 × 2.73
= AM – AL = 19.11 metres
= 4500 – 1500
= 3000 146. Let C and E be the two positions of the
aeroplane and let A be the point of observation.
Distance covered
So, speed of plane = Let AX be the horizontal ground.
Time taken
Draw BC ^ AX and ED ^ AX.
3000 Then, ∠CAB = 60º, ∠EAD = 30º
= = 200 m/hr.
15
and BC = ED = 3600 3 m

18 Let AB = ‘x’ m and BD = ‘y’ m

= 200 × km/h
5 From right DACB, we have:
= 720 km/h
Hence, the speed of the plane is 720 km/km/h BC
tan 60º =
143. Here, PQ is a building and XY is a cable tower. AB
Then, XR = PQ = 7m and PX = QR

10 Mathematics Class X
 3600 3 In ∆QSO,
⇒ 3 = OS
x cos β =
⇒ x = 3600 SQ
⇒ OS = SQ cos = AB cos  ...(iii)
OQ
and sin β =
SQ
⇒ OQ = SQ sin β = AB sin β...(iv)
Now, SA = OS – AO
⇒ p = AB cos β – AB cos α
= AB (cos β – cos α)...(v)
From right DAED, we have: and BQ = BO – QO
= AB sin a – AB sin β
ED
tan 30º = ⇒ q = AB (sin α – sin β)...(vi)
AD
Dividing eqn (v) by eqn (vi), we get
1 3600 3 p AB (cos β − cos α )
⇒ = =
3 x+y q AB (sin α − sin β )

⇒ x + y = 3600 × 3 = 10800 p cos β − cos α

∴ =
⇒ y = 10800 – x q sin α − sin β
= 10800 – 3600 Hence, proved.
= 7200
Concept Applied
In 30 seconds, the distance covered by the  Step 1. Draw two triangles.
aeroplane is 7200 m. Step 2. Calculate vertical height and horizontal height
in both cases.
Distance Step 3. Equate the length of ladder in both the cases.
Then, speed of aeroplane =
Time
150. Let bird be at the position P, Amit be at position
7200 A and Deepak be at position D on a 50 m high
= building.
30

= 240 m/s
Hence, the speed of the aeroplane is 240 m/s.
148. Let AB be the ladder at an inclination α to
the horizontal and SQ be its position when it
makes an angle b to the horizontal.
\ CD = 50 m, AP = 200 m,
So, SA = p, BQ = q, ∠BAO = α, ∠QSO = β.
∠PAQ = 30° and ∠PDR = 45°.
Let, OQ = x and OA = y. In DAPQ,
PQ
sin 30º =
AP
1 PQ
⇒ =
2 200
⇒ PQ = 100
Now, PR = PQ – QR
= 100 – 50
In ∆BAO, [Q QR = CD = 50 m]
= 50 m
OA
cos α = In DPRD,
AB
PR
⇒ OA = AB cos a ...(i) sin 45º =
PD
1 50
OB ⇒ =
and sin α = 2 PD
AB
⇒ OB = AB sin α...(ii) ⇒ PD = 50 2

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 Hence, the distance of the bird from Deepak
is 50 2 .
sin A – cos A + 1
153. L.H.S. = sin A + cos A 1

Divide the numerator and denominator by

cos A. In right DABC,
AB
tan A – 1 + sec A tan 60º =
= tan A + 1 – sec A BC
100
⇒ 3 =
tan A – 1 + sec A x
= ( tan A – sec A ) + 1
⇒ x = 100 = 100 3
tan A − 1 + sec A 3 3
=
(tan A − sec A ) + (sec2 A − tan2 A ) Put the value of x in equation (i), we get:
\ sec2A – tan2A = 1
100 3
tan A − 1 + sec A 2y = 100 3 –
= 3
(tan A − sec A ) + (sec A − tan A )  2
(sec A + tan A ) ⇒ 2y = 100 3 ×  
3

tan A − 1 + sec A 100 3 100 × 1.732

= ⇒ y= =
(tan A − sec A ) − (tan A − sec A ) 3 3
(sec A + tan A ) = 57.73
tan A − 1 + sec A Hence, the speed of the boat is 57.73 m/min.
=
(tan A − sec A )(1 − sec A − tan A ) 155. Let AB be the tower of height h m, AC be its
shadow at elevation of the sun of 60° and AD be
−1 its shadow, which is three times of shadow AC.
=
tan A − sec A

−1
=
tan A − sec A

= R.H.S.
Hence, proved.
154. Consider AB as the light house of height 100
m, C and D be two distance positions of the
boat at an instant, when the angle changes Let AC = x m and ∠ADB = q.
from 60º to 30º . Then, AD = 3x
Let the speed of the boat be ‘y’ m/min. In DBAC,
Time taken by the boat to reach from D to C = 2 min AB
= tan 60°
\ Distance CD = Time × Speed AC
= 2y
h
Let: BC = x m ⇒ = 3
x
Now, in right DABD,
⇒ h= 3x ...(i)
AB
tan 30º = In DBAD,
BD
100 AB
1 = tan q
⇒ = AD
3 x + 2y
h
⇒ x + 2y = 100 3 ...(i) = tan q
3x

12 Mathematics Class X
 ⇒ h = 60
x 3
= tan q [using (i)]
3x So, CB = h + 60 = 60 + 60
= 120
1
⇒ tan q = = tan 30°
3 Hence, the height of the cloud from the surface
of the lake is 120 m.
Thus, q = 30°
Hence, the angle of elevation of the sun of the 159. Let DF be the tall boy of height 1.6 m and AE
be the building of height 40 m.
longer shadow is 30°.
157. Let AB be the surface of the lake and P be the
point of observation such that AP = 60 m.

The angle of elevation changes from 30º to 60º

when the boy moves from point D to point C.
Let the distance of CD be x m.
Here, AE = 40 m,
Let C be the position of the cloud and C’ be and DF = BE = 1.6 m
its reflection in the lake.
\ AB = AE – BE
Let CM = h m.
= 40 – 1.6 = 38.4 m
Draw PM ⊥ CC′.
Now, inDABD,
Then, CB = (h + 60) m
AB
and C’B = (h + 60) m tan 30º =
BD
[Q CB = C’B, as reflection of C is C’]
1 38.4
Now, in ∆CPM ⇒ =
3 BD
CM ⇒ BD = 38.4 3 ...(i)
tan 30º =
PM
In D ABC,
1 h AB
⇒ = tan 60º =
3 PM BC
38.4
⇒ PM = 3h ...(i) ⇒ 3 =
BC
Similarly, in ∆PMC’ 38.4 38.4 3
⇒ BC = = ×
C ′B + BM 3 3 3
tan 60º =
PM 38.4 3
= = 12.8 3 ...(ii)
( h + 60 ) + 60 3
⇒ 3 = \ Distance between two positions, CD
PM
= BD – BC
h + 120 = 38.4 3 – 12.8 3
⇒ PM = ...(ii)
3
 [using (i) and (ii)]
From (i) and (ii), we get = 25.6 3

h + 120 Hence, the distance the boy walked towards
3h =
3 the building is 25.6 3 m.
⇒ 3h = h + 120 160. Let AB be the tower of height 120 m. Let C and
⇒ 2h = 120 D be the location of two cars on opposite side
of the tower.

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 AB + BC
⇒ 3 =
AD
AB + 5
⇒ 3 =
AD
⇒ 3 AD = AB + 5
⇒ 3 ( 3 AB) = AB + 5 [From (i)]
\ AB = 120 m ⇒ 2AB =5
⇒ AB = 2.5
∠XBC = ∠BCA = 60°
and AD = 3 × 2.5 = 2.5 × 1.732
and ∠YBD = ∠BDA = 45°
AB = 4.33
In DBAD, = tan 45° Hence, the height of the tower is 2.5 m and
AD
distance of the point from the tower is 4.33 m.
120
⇒ =1 162.
AB C
⇒ AB = 120
AB
In DBAC, = tan 60° 30°
CA A
x B
60°
20 m 20 m
120
⇒ = 3
CA
120
⇒ CA =
3
D
120 3
= × = 40 3
3 3 h 1
= tan 30° = ⇒x= 3 h.
Now, CD = CA + AD x 3
40 + h
10 3 + 120 = tan 60° = 3 ⇒ x = 40 + h
= x 3
= 40 3(1 + 3 )
\ 3 h = 40 + h ⇒ h = 20 m.
Hence, the distance between the two cars is 3
\ x = 20 3 m
40 3(1 + 3 ) m.
\ AC = (20 )2 + (20 3 )2 = 40 m.
161. Let AB be a vertical tower on which a flag staff
BC of height 5 m is surmounted. Also, let D be [CBSE Marking Scheme 2015]
the point of observation on the ground. Explanation: Let PQ be the surface of late, C

\ BC = 5 m, ∠ADC = 60° and ∠ADB = 30°. be the cloud and C′ be its reflection in the lake.
In the right-angled DBAD,

AB
tan 30º =
AD
1 AB
⇒ =
3 AD
⇒ AD = 3 AB...(i)
Similarly, in right-angled DCAD,
AC
tan 60º =
AD

14 Mathematics Class X
 It is given that point A is 10 m above the Now, in DABC,
surface of lake.
AB
Draw AM ^ CC′. tan 45º =
BC
\ AB = MN = 20 m,
∠CAM = 30° and ∠MAC′ = 60°. 80
⇒ 1=
Let CM = h m BC
Then, CN = CM + MN ⇒ BC = 80 ...(i)
And in DDCE,
= (h + 20) m
and C′N = CN = (h + 20) m DE
tan 30º =
Now, in DAMC, CE

CM 1 80
tan 30° = ⇒ =
AM 3 CB + BE

h 1 80
1 ⇒
⇒ = = 80 + x
AM 3
3
⇒ 80 + x = 80 3
⇒ AM = h 3 ...(i)
And, in DAMC′, ⇒ x = 80( 3 − 1)

C ′M = 80 × (1.732 – 1)
tan 60° = = 80 × 0.732 = 58.56
AM
Distance covered
( h + 20 ) + 20 Then, speed of bird =
⇒ 3 =  [using (i)] Time taken
h 3 58.56
= = 29.28 m/s
⇒ 3 h = h + 40 2

⇒ 2 h = 40 Hence, the speed of the bird is 29.28 m/s.
⇒ h = 20
164. Let AS be the surface of lake, B be a point
So, AM = h 3 = 20 3 of observation, Q be the cloud and Q’ be its
Again, in DAMC, using Pythagoras theorem, reflection in the lake.
we have Draw BR ⊥ QQ′
AC2 = CM2 + AM2 \ AB = RS = 10 m, ∠QBR = 30° and ∠RBQ′ =
60°.
= (20)2 + 20 3 ( )2
Here, we need to determine the height SQ.
= 400 + 1200
⇒ AC2 = 1600
⇒ AC = 40
Hence, the distance of the cloud from the point
A is 40 m.
163. Let AB be a tree on which the bird is sitting at
point A, D be its position after 2 seconds, and
C be the point of observation on the ground.
CE ^ CE

Here, we have SQ = SQ’.

From right ∆BRQ,
QR 1
= tan 30º = ...(i)
BR 3
From right ∆BRQ’,
\ AB = DE = 80 m, ∠ACB = 45º and ∠DCE = 30º
Let AD = x m RQ ′
= tan 60º = 3 ...(ii)
Then, BE = AD = x m BR

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 Eliminating BR from (i) and (ii), we have
RQ′
3 QR =
3

RQ ′
⇒ =3
QR

10 + SQ ′
⇒ =3
SQ − 10
Now, in DPAQ,
[Q SQ’ = RQ’ – 10; SQ = 10 + RQ]
PQ
tan 45° =
10 + SQ AP
⇒ = 3 [Q SQ’ = SQ]
SQ − 10 20
⇒ 1 =
⇒ 3 SQ – 30 = 10 + SQ AP
⇒ AP = 20
⇒ 2Q = 40
And, in DAPR,
⇒ SQ = 20 PR
tan 60° =
Thus, the height of the cloud from the surface of AP
the lake is 20 metres. PQ + QR
⇒ 3 =  [from (i)]
165. Let PQ the tower, QR be the flagstaff and A be 20
the point of observation on the horizontal plane. ⇒ 20 3 = 20 + h

\ PQ = 20 m, QR = h, ∠PAQ = 45° and ∠PAR = ⇒ h = 20( 3 – 1)
60°.

16 Mathematics Class X