Cambridge International A Level: Mathematics 9709/31

Cambridge International A Level
MATHEMATICS 9709/31
Paper 3 Pure Mathematics 3 May/June 2024
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2024 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.
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© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 [Turn over

9709/31 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2024
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the
mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:
 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

Marks must be awarded positively:
 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the
syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as
indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited
according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).
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Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in
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Mathematics-Specific Marking Principles
1 Unless a particular method has been specified in the question, full marks may be awarded for any correct method. However, if a calculation is required
then no marks will be awarded for a scale drawing.
2 Unless specified in the question, non-integer answers may be given as fractions, decimals or in standard form. Ignore superfluous zeros, provided that the
degree of accuracy is not affected.
3 Allow alternative conventions for notation if used consistently throughout the paper, e.g. commas being used as decimal points.
4 Unless otherwise indicated, marks once gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct form of answer is ignored (isw).
5 Where a candidate has misread a number or sign in the question and used that value consistently throughout, provided that number does not alter the
difficulty or the method required, award all marks earned and deduct just 1 A or B mark for the misread.
6 Recovery within working is allowed, e.g. a notation error in the working where the following line of working makes the candidate’s intent clear.
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Mark Scheme Notes
The following notes are intended to aid interpretation of mark schemes in general, but individual mark schemes may include marks awarded for specific reasons
outside the scope of these notes.
Types of mark
M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units.
However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula; the formula or idea
must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct application of a formula
without the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some cases an M mark can be implied from a correct answer.
A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the associated method
mark is earned (or implied).
B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.
DM or DB When a part of a question has two or more ‘method’ steps, the M marks are generally independent unless the scheme specifically says otherwise;
and similarly, when there are several B marks allocated. The notation DM or DB is used to indicate that a particular M or B mark is dependent on
an earlier M or B (asterisked) mark in the scheme. When two or more steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full
credit is given.
FT Implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on from previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A or B marks are
given for correct work only.
 A or B marks are given for correct work only (not for results obtained from incorrect working) unless follow through is allowed (see abbreviation FT above).
 For a numerical answer, allow the A or B mark if the answer is correct to 3 significant figures or would be correct to 3 significant figures if rounded (1
decimal place for angles in degrees).
 The total number of marks available for each question is shown at the bottom of the Marks column.
 Wrong or missing units in an answer should not result in loss of marks unless the guidance indicates otherwise.
 Square brackets [ ] around text or numbers show extra information not needed for the mark to be awarded.
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Abbreviations
AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent
AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid)
CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no ‘follow through’ from a previous error is allowed)
CWO Correct Working Only
ISW Ignore Subsequent Working
SOI Seen Or Implied
SC Special Case (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be varied in the
light of a particular circumstance)
WWW Without Wrong Working
AWRT Answer Which Rounds To
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Question Answer Marks Guidance
1 1 B1 Symbolic coefficients are not sufficient.

State correct unsimplified first two terms of the expansion of 1  2 x  2 , 1–x
1
e.g. 1   2 x 
2
11  B1 Symbolic coefficients are not sufficient.

  1   2 x 
2
1
State correct unsimplified term in x2, e.g.  
2 2  x2
2! 2
Obtain sufficient terms of the product of (3 + x) and the expansion up to the term M1
in x2
5 2 A1
Obtain final answer 3 – 2x – x
2
2 Use law of logarithm of a product (or quotient) on correct terms *M1
Use correct method to eliminate logarithm DM1
Obtain a correct quadratic in x, e.g. x2  5x  e7  0 (allow decimals) A1
Obtain answer x = 35.71 only A1
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3 State or imply that y ln a  ln b  ln x B1
Carry out a completely correct method for finding ln a or ln b M1 E.g., from

ln a  ln b  0.336
1.5ln a  ln b  1.31.
Obtain value a = 7 A1
Obtain value b = 5 A1
4(a) State or imply r = 2 B1
State or imply θ = – 23 π B1
4(b) State or imply r = 5 B1FT 5

2 FT .
their 2
State or imply θ = 5
π B1FT 1 2
6 FT π – their – π.
6 3
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5 Use correct quotient (or product) rule *M1
esin x cos3 x  ( 2esin x sin x cos x ) A1

Obtain correct derivative or equivalent
 cos x 
2 2
Equate numerator to zero DM1
Obtain equation in one unknown DM1 E.g. sin2x – 2sinx – 1 = 0.
Solve a 3 term quadratic in sin x to find a value for x M1
Obtain a correct solution to the quadratic equation, e.g. 3.57° A1 At least 3sf.
Obtain a further correct solution, e.g. x = 5.86° and no others in the interval A1FT At least 3sf.
FT 3π – their 3.57.
Alternative Method for the first 3 marks:
Take logarithms of both sides and simplify (*M1) ln y  sin x  2ln cos x or equivalent.
1 dy sin x (A1) Or equivalent.

Obtain  cos x  2
y dx cos x
dy (DM1)
Equate to zero
dx
Continue as for the original
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6(a) Sketch a relevant graph, e.g. y = ex – 3 B1 y
Correct shape, correct vertical intercept
x B1
Sketch a second relevant graph, e.g. y  cosec (correct shape, minimum above 1
2
O π
the axis) and justify the given statement. Need to mark intersection with a dot, a x
cross, or say root at points of intersection, or equivalent -2
6(b) Calculate the values of a relevant expression or pair of expressions at x = 1 and M1 Use of degrees is M0.
x=2
Complete the argument correctly with correct calculated values A1 E.g. 0.282  2.086, 4.389  1.188
1 < 1.626, 2 > 1.432
2.36 > 0, –3.2 < 0
At least 2sf. Condone truncation.
6(c)  1  x B1 AG.
State x  ln  cosec x  3  and rearrange to the given equation cosec  e x  3 Or vice versa and obtain the iterative formula.
 2  2
6(d) Use the iterative formula correctly at least twice M1 Use of degrees in M0 (might see 1.38….).
Obtain final answer 1.50 A1
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Show sufficient iterations to 4 dp to justify 1.50 to 4 dp or show there is a sign A1 1.5156, 1.4940, 1.4978, 1.4971.
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6(e) 4 B1
7(a) Show a circle centre (3, –2) B1 Im

4
Show a circle with radius 2 FT centre not at the origin B1FT
Show the point representing (–3, 4) or the midpoint (0, 1) B1

3
Show the perpendicular bisector of the line joining (–3, 4) and centre of the circle B1FT -3 Re
-2
FT is on the position of (–3, 4) and centre of the circle
7(b) Carry out a correct method for finding the least value of |z – w| M1 (Distance (3, –2) to (0, 1)) – 2.
Obtain answer 18  2 or 3 2  2 A1
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8 State or imply du = – cosx dx B1
Use sin 2x = 2sinxcosx and write the integral in terms of u *M1
(1  u ) A1
Obtain 2  u
du or equivalent
1 3 DM1
Integrate correctly to obtain au 2  bu 2
4
1 3 A1
Obtain correct 4u 2  u 2
3
1 3 DM1
Correctly use limits u = 2 and 0 in an expression of the form au 2  bu 2
OR limits x  32 π and 12 π in an expression of the form
1 3
a(1  sin x) 2  b(1  sin x) 2
Obtain 8
3
 34 2 A1
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9(a) Carry out correct process for evaluating the scalar product of direction vectors, B1 E.g. 2(3) + (–1)(–2) + a(–2) = 0.
equate the result to zero and obtain given value of a = 4
9(b) Express general point of at least one line correctly in component form, B1 The third component could be implied by a correct
i.e. (1 + 2λ, –2 – λ, 3 + 4λ) or (–1 + 3µ, –1 – 2µ, –1 – 2µ) final answer.
Equate at least two pairs of corresponding components and solve for λ or for µ M1
Obtain λ = –1 or µ = 0 A1
Obtain position vector of point of intersection is – i – j – k A1
9(c) Equate one component of l1 to matching component of A and solve to find λ M1
Use λ = –3 in equation of l1 and show this gives position vector of A A1 AG

Or show λ = –3 for all three components equated.
9(d) Method to find position vector of B M1 E.g. ± 2×their (– i – j – k) ± (–5i + j – 9k)
Obtain position vector of B is 3i – 3j + 7k A1
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10(a) dy B1 dx
Obtain 2 = sec2y or equivalent E.g. 2 = sec2y by differentiation with respect to y.
dx dy
Use sec2y = 1 + tan2 y M1
dy 2 A1
Replace tan y with 2x and rearrange to obtain given answer 
dx 1  4 x 2
10(b) x2 *M1
Integrate by parts and reach ax 2 tan 1 2 x  b  1  4x2
dx
x2 A1 OE
Obtain 12 x 2 tan 1 2 x   1  4 x2
dx
n M1
Reduce integral to expression of the form m   1  4x2
dx
Complete integration and reach px 2 tan 1 2 x  qx  r tan 1 2 x M1
Obtain 1
2
x 2 tan 1 2 x  14 x  18 tan 1 2 x A1 OE
Use limits of x  12 and x  12 3 in the correct order, having integrated twice DM1
Obtain answer 5
48
π  18 3  18 or exact equivalent A1
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11(a) dx dx M1 M0 for verification.

State or imply equation of the form  kx (300  x ) and use  0.2 and x  1
dt dt
1 A1 dx
Obtain k = and rearrange to the given answer 1495  x (300  x ).
1495 dt
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11(b) Separate variables correctly B1  1

dx  

1
 dt
 x  300  x   1495
Correct integration of t term B1 t

E.g. obtain t or .
1495
A B B1
State or imply partial fractions of the form 
x 300  x
Correct method to find A or B M1 1 1

A= and B = .
300 300
1495 299
May see A  B   .
300 60
1495 1495 A1 1 1
Obtain terms ln x  ln(300  x ) OE. May see lnx  ln  300  x  .
300 300 300 300
Use t = 0, x = 1 to evaluate a constant or as limits in a solution containing terms M1

of the form ln x, ln(300  x) and t.
Obtain correct answer in any form A1 1495 1495

E.g. ln x  ln(300  x)  t  ln 299.
300 300
Use law of logarithms twice to obtain an expression for t M1
299 299 x A1
Obtain final answer t  ln or equivalent single logarithm
60 300  x
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Cambridge International A Level

This document consists of 15 printed pages.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 [Turn over

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent

CWO Correct Working Only

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

SOI Seen Or Implied

WWW Without Wrong Working

AWRT Answer Which Rounds To

1 1 B1 Symbolic coefficients are not sufficient.

11  B1 Symbolic coefficients are not sufficient.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2 Use law of logarithm of a product (or quotient) on correct terms *M1

Use correct method to eliminate logarithm DM1

Obtain a correct quadratic in x, e.g. x2  5x  e7  0 (allow decimals) A1

Obtain answer x = 35.71 only A1

3 State or imply that y ln a  ln b  ln x B1

Carry out a completely correct method for finding ln a or ln b M1 E.g., from

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) State or imply r = 2 B1

4(b) State or imply r = 5 B1FT 5

5 Use correct quotient (or product) rule *M1

esin x cos3 x  ( 2esin x sin x cos x ) A1

Equate numerator to zero DM1

Obtain equation in one unknown DM1 E.g. sin2x – 2sinx – 1 = 0.

Solve a 3 term quadratic in sin x to find a value for x M1

Alternative Method for the first 3 marks:

1 dy sin x (A1) Or equivalent.

Continue as for the original

6(a) Sketch a relevant graph, e.g. y = ex – 3 B1 y

Correct shape, correct vertical intercept

cross, or say root at points of intersection, or equivalent -2

Obtain final answer 1.50 A1

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(a) Show a circle centre (3, –2) B1 Im

Show a circle with radius 2 FT centre not at the origin B1FT

Show the point representing (–3, 4) or the midpoint (0, 1) B1

8 State or imply du = – cosx dx B1

Use sin 2x = 2sinxcosx and write the integral in terms of u *M1

Obtain position vector of point of intersection is – i – j – k A1

9(c) Equate one component of l1 to matching component of A and solve to find λ M1

Use λ = –3 in equation of l1 and show this gives position vector of A A1 AG

9(d) Method to find position vector of B M1 E.g. ± 2×their (– i – j – k) ± (–5i + j – 9k)

Obtain position vector of B is 3i – 3j + 7k A1

Use sec2y = 1 + tan2 y M1

Complete integration and reach px 2 tan 1 2 x  qx  r tan 1 2 x M1

11(a) dx dx M1 M0 for verification.

11(b) Separate variables correctly B1  1

Correct integration of t term B1 t

Correct method to find A or B M1 1 1

Use t = 0, x = 1 to evaluate a constant or as limits in a solution containing terms M1

Obtain correct answer in any form A1 1495 1495

Use law of logarithms twice to obtain an expression for t M1