Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal's

JSPM® JSPM's Groupof Institute

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SPPU ENDTERM
SOLVED QUESTIONS
UNIT-3
VOLTAGE RequLATORS
 |Pg./Suppl.No:
Supervisor's Name Date:
SPM
Signature & Date
Roll No.

xgulator }
Drauo and eoxplcin JoLe daopoutF dlopout
lrile a short nok on "low voltage kegutaor
May2 y
Soluion
iopout voltage - input volage
The dropout voltage i the dlfF eseante beacen
atuhich th
(Vin) and ouput voltaqe (Ve) ot a deyulatbr
araût qües
qu the rgulaHon.

Rrapout Viollage Regutako

Vin Vin Vout
Cin Eb

allage conhol Cwadent Sousce)

Sample circuit
i (Passelemeny To

Vin Cin: Vo
Ver

Control Feed Back Crit

marls
Supervisor's Name |Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date JSPM
Date:
Roll No.

opelaion a dow dopout uoltage aegul ator

alhen the oukput voltage afdhe vollage Aequlator dcatases
The Vrcf also dcce asea and eor amnpifie
acordigy
opelate pass element (p-channed moSFeT) in sucha oay
that the output awtent (I) incases so thalthe ouput
volkage ayo irHe aSc

klhen the output voltaqe (Vo) ahthe valtagqe Aglata q0cHeaSes

In
The Vrcf allo ncteasey and error ampli
acordingly
ayp Cct pass element (e-channel MasEET)in Buch a oay
that the
output uttent LIo) dceasec0 that the
Quhout volluge auo deccaseA

Thete<o.,
the aboue opctafonsa the teglatbr Ahaostegiahan ob
thâs (louwo diopaut) LDo voltaqe RyulatYr kcqlahona ezaks
louo vallues câfeencc bepeen nput cnd
oukp altage ie drepout voltae
mark
 Pg./Suppl.No:
Supervisor's Name |Date:
SSPM
Signature & Date
Roll No.

&MP)
Que-2 Compae inear ond sutch mod po wCr supply
Chatacteisi cs - ear pouoer spply Sualtching mode
pouner gippy (an
Rcqulations Excllentrgulahon Vey good
are obSCodelen ad eguiions
douo a) 0001y il possible
possible

2 EIfiáeny Modarate eyfiacay Exellent 6aen

(40 tosDl) (901)
Noise geackuhon No problcm uobscCued Muoimum nose
due to noise genaahorn gencated

Reiabiy Veayhigh eabtiky Modexate Aeiablily

5
MIBF (in hr) n590O- 10o0o0o hr 50,00o hr

6
Vey
Spled
hagh apelahing Louo

Volwme &malleu! doo volun

qet (High volurne)
8Joikal cosl Modetate cost igh (expanáie)
Ompaicd to inca

Hgh custE low cest

6x mnk-6mtrk
Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date
SPM Date:
Roll No.

Draup block diaqzom sf gulatd poratrsypry andesplan the

unckon of each Jalock? 1use202k CsJ
Block slagtam of Regulakd Pouoe aupply

AC Supply step-doorn. Recfified Filled pcRequlatcd

Jvolkage
Ac'voltage Voltage vollage
1phate
RecAAet Aller Vo ltage| RL
Supply Regulato

’ The AC valkage d applled to a slep doon transforner

mcang
Ieduces the amplude oP AC voltaqe and appliesi o
the rechAe

The rchier ii wualy bridge tpe tul oaue iechAerIH converks

the Ac ollage anhb a pulsahng pC valtage
pc

The ipplc qnthe pusahng pci cduced by the pltr ohchs

Dnnccd after he rcchÝ The ouhout oethe Alter ul
Smooth pc voltaqe oith&mal pele

The geneated ouput u connectedaho the volage scgulato

The yaltaqe Aegulcto da speaally designed áraatta
Keep the output Yoltage conatant
The volkaqe regulatr aruût cun oc a aeacs woltaqc
oY shun volkae egulatr
 Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date
Roll No. Date:

Eventough the output voltage a of dhe glated poLoer supply

Hemâins absolwely constant prchcaly a doed no emán
absolwels constant
IE hanqe, stghtty due to tthe chanqe n ceeBûn paamehexs
such as doad aushent, input valtage mpekatise
Thuw we get a constant DC voltaqe ct the output a dhe
glaed o pouer supply

Que4 Jalbich ae the facoS that afect on dhe outpt otheolkage

egultore
The factors affecAng the output voltaqe ofavoltage
elator -
) Load currcnt (Ie)
The outpt volhage ah an uhrelated poucr supply reduce cálth
the nccase înthe doad asteenE, due tb the volBaqe
daopa
Qcross the transfpmcr
The outpuf voltaqe i made toamân the constant anse
the change, in IL ohen the voltaqc ryulah 4anhodued
HoDeLer Wth the volkage rcqulator arult alo the load
vollaqe ill kduce tD Somc eatcntttnctcaSe în I

mor
9Input Volkuqe (vin)
As the output of the unulato
sth the change pouer Supply chanq
chanqe an the AcAnput voltaqe ,the iegulao
ouput ao kely to change to Some
exlent
 Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date
sPM Date:
Roll No.

5) TempeAatuae (T
The chara cheat sls afthe elechoric deuices ued an the kecAiers,
ilkr andqulato druils ae tenjoerature dependent
Thctefone he teqlaled ouput Llll chanqe oth the
vaaiaAongn tmperatue.

5 alhat 1s SMPS 3 Explan noaing pânâple oFit

anth dhe help of block dáagon explairn the conceptof sMS

Vo
RL

PWM gerlator t
Vrc Re
Ref

block diuglam shoLOS the suóilching mode power SUpply,în okîch

he PhlM (pulse otth modiator) entaor the hecutelumenta it.
Jt opekas în the folkouîng hoo condihons

9Ifthe oukput vollage d. mokc lqzeakt)

lhen he output voltaqe. Vo i (geeak moke as pe demand the
valtaqe across
So Hhat the
Resisance Ro ie V2 i more
ouplk cueto the etor amplier cnnects PelM
gaeom tothe suoilching eloment Transishor (q) hey ToN Ame
more uthan Toff ad Ahoorn inthe Ag (a) q
Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date SPM |Date:
Roll No.

Thohore due to dhe Jaxqe Tor Hme capaátr charge tor mort
Ame as shoon n the
Nouo the volkage achoss the capaato Ve u more
the output voltaqe o a Aequlatormáantán constunt
Toff
ToH

Vo
Vca

2 mar

(smallesy
b) TF the outputvolfage i less
dernand the valaqe
When thc oukhaut vollae o Iess qs per the outpuF de
acrossthe esskance Ra /e V) 1s dess. Sothat the
to the sutchm
to the emor amylier connecs pM oau zm
elmnt transstor (9) has TofE me more than Ton a9 shoon
n theig a) b
for le
Thastoke cue to the darge Toff Ame capaêitor charge
charqe ar
Ane oR due to the smcll Ton Ame capaator
me an the (23b.
Now the
the voltaqe ackoss Cayoaâtor (Ve) wless limatdy he
vty of egulator mûntaln constant
Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date
Date:
Roll No.

ToN Tofe

Vo

yt

Vo Jouol

The auetal opetahon athe sMPS Áhaus thchaprodues rglaked

Vo co:rt vaitakon in duty ycle ed follas,

Vo = D. Vîn
ToN + Toff
Vo= T o N V o o
ToN + Toff.
2mare
 Supervisor's Name
Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date
Date:
Roll No. SSIPN

Que: 6 Explcan oith digtam dhe opahon a on adjustabk voltaqe guate

Feb 2023
using
IMalt- 3taminal posiive adjustuble voltaqe rogulahr
Di

K
Incgulaked
Tnput LMaIT
Rgulaie
Iadj w
Vo
ouhout
Vin
Cadý
R lIadj +Iref

The diagSam &hoon aboue uof the &teaminad psiive valtaqe gula
ohich capuble oF supling aput 15A wssent ouer and range
ot autau voltage i.95v to 19)
IE had ine seglaRon a o014- and doad egulaon o1
IE has inksnd ehot lrcat tent amAng and alo heue tema
oUer doad pokcion.

The araût consst a vcâod conmjoonents okich ak cd follocs,

i Adustable capoâox (cadj)
Lohich imroues pple ejechon qnthe voltace cylaho çlrcub

) npu Cuypaah (c)

ohch proides suffAdent bypass.
e) ouhot Caypaato (Co) crcuat
ohich anmyoues ttanslent ckjponse o the eircuût
Supervisor's Name
Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date
SPM Date:
RollNo.

yDiode Ds)
which prouides
Jao srsslane impedance´for the (o-acljustcale) Codj
v) Siodc (o)
akich prouides douo Siatane impedane path fa bukpuk capudtuy lo
From the Qruût diagzam we cnoo that, Vicf valtage i ç nüntaned
by outputmduceconstanussent
ond adjuatabie karinal Iref)
atvoliae
= Vce
gaa
Vef
The vaaalale setance Ra to okich small adiuskable auilenk
lbusing and4m he path bchoecn'Va'thiough e and Re oc
heue thlequaion output valkaqe (Vo) aly

R
Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date ySPM
Date:
Roll No.

Draw and eseplcan the block diagtam o LM321 and ist he

Adjusta b<e

Voltaqe
Refeene
Darîng
Pcâr
Protechon
aruût

dtagtamshaon aboe à a atrÁnel neqaave adjusBable

ollaqe quta
Tne voltaqe e7erence lalock ûthe constant voltaqe zent volkaqe
reulato ohlch poúdel the pelence voltuqe
The'mokeion iruat block y a themal guesload potdaon in
and inthnal ahotciaat ratAny crcl
The
Daslington pii cmi ahon gue do output mpedance +
the adjustable voltaqe gulao. mn

#Fecures lapcâficahon of LMA31

Ihs oLpt ranqe u-125 to -3v

T# consisk oy too Resistor Rand Ra to
athe ouut toemincal I ao_Consis 1achheuîng reulakd
ccuaator
o
at the outpli
Yorthe compensaion puspose
Supervisor's Name
Signature &Date Pg./Suppl.No:
Roll No. SP M |Date:

Ihas ipple kicchon a 11da.

ha themal oueload potccAon
JEhay inkanal shozt aruik cunnEdim hng potcchoD.

LM337

Vin Cn Vo =-25V to-37U

R

The aboue aruiE consst ah LMa21 negahue roltaqe uat

The cyoaâhor io normally ime ionncccd to theiapu
Sde ofthe aruüt fur thc puipase stabihy
Sinâlasy the capaator to cd connccked 4orgettng egletor
than 44e

The comloiaaton o eáistor Rand Reuued for to gethe output

în the ange of <.25V h -31/.Thi output uîn therance based
the tallouiny trupes Âinnaf auhputxatkaqe a Tmnt

Vo -Veff 1+R21+cJadj)R2
R
Supervisor's Name |Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date SISIPIM |Date:
Roll No.

befine voltaqe reglatonExplcûn anythree Mpahomanie pascumde

Ay 2oZ4
4 ltage cglaton
* Valtaqe Requaton -
The valtaqe qulahon rcfers to the asky oF a poOer supey
elechicalsystem to mantcooa constant outputvoltage desplk
vahaionîn 1n dhe înput voltage or Joad connechons.

Thexx are dfelani es af petomance paaanmeor ay alkae

cgWaled isked al ydlouos
Load Requtahon -
3) ine Rcqlañon
3) Ripple factor
9 Ripple rejecADn factor
Tempeakule ataaly
Tempelahuee coesdent output voltaqe -
Doutput Impedonce
8

) Load Reglahon (iR)

Jt ü the percentaqe raho chanqe oF diffetene of No doadvoltaqe
to tyel doad voltaqeto thetuudoadvaltaqe
Jt can be enpe Ssed au,
Load VNL- VFL
VrL
her VNL No load vollaqe
VEL Fuul load volBaqe

Pracicay doad reglahon must be imum

and fdey dodd irgutaton dd o1
Supervisor's Name
Signature &Date Pg./Suppl.No:
Roll No. SPM Date:

al Line Requlahon
il he percentaechange in oulhput valtaqe to uthe inputvaltaqe
ine voltag)
can be eapcssed
inecgulaion AVe
AVin

ohete Vas outpuvoltaqe

Vín =?nput valkacqe (ne volhaye)

Prach cly ine keqlaton mwt be moinum

ond Jdcaliy in seyukukon du ot.
3 Ripple factor (1C) or values innoutpu
üne volkaqe)
Voltaqe to the input wolkaqt

Vin
mwtbe belooa-mvlv
volaqe gulabr
The Applctach oythe
Supervisor's Name |Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature &Date SPM Date:
Roll No.

JC volkaqe Regulator ustng Ic 811. Caleulate values a Re for cthe

outpt vollaqe
Auendata
Jadj 100MA lo0 xLOA
RI =240
Vree = |:25V

Vin LM317 (stoiov) Volmin= 5V

d R =240 Vo mu) -\0V

tthe tnla,
Racmin) + Iad/ Reuiny

:.Ro min) Volrn-Vre

240

3-7S
5-20? *I03+ 100XD

3·75
5-308 xI03

Rocmin) =]06:436
Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature& Date ANS PM Date:
RollNo.

Vo(man -Uref
Vet fady

240

8:7S
S208 KI034 /ooxI5

875
5-308 xD3

= 164R"351
=1: 65 k

Nou,

Vin
leLMa11 Iadj
R940

T20
 Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date Date:
SSIPM
Roll No.

the vales
Que 10 IC volkaqe kegulalr uilng 1c1C311. Clulat
outpw volkaqe 10vto
Fen data
Jad= 1o0NA = 100XoS
R =2yo
Vef = -25V

Vin (sohoao)
Vo (mn =10V
Todj R
Vo (mo) =90v

Votring Vee [1t Ralmin)

R
+Tadi cmin)
Rocmîh) : Votmin) - Vee mak
+Iad
Remin) |25 t l00x106
940

87S
5-90f XI03 410DxID

= 87S
5308 XI03
= 164& 35
Recmin=164 K
mor
Supervisor'sName
Signature& Date Pg./Suppl.No:
JSP M Date:
RollNo.

maz) Vetmtn)-Vrf
UKE +Sadi

l:2S + (00xI06

18 15
5.209xI03

18-75
53 08 XIO

8532|8
Bztmis). = 853 K

NouD,
ofp oVo ohosov)
Ma11
JTad Ri240

9.53|

720
2 mor
 3mark
26.2v) (1.26V
to ltage
iu ouput
uo the Aange
ay The i
Votma)=96-2V
0:41 446 95179
t
xlio0DK) +41x0°) 20-s8] 125
xio3 4:1 1+ Votma)=
1x R2lmaa) .R2z =VaVocmu)
mavkK 3
|1to) 126 Valmir)=
Voto )Vo
41kL R2=
CT
2DZ3 fet R=24o
data iuen
n:h. Iad' ASsume Ris240R2
41I = Malior kguato
teaustablk oupuvoltage
olkaqe range
of Dettamine
the
No. Roll
Date: Date Signature&
Pg./Suppl.No: Supervisor's
Name