Early Renessaince

INTRODUCTION
• Renaissance architecture is European architecture

between the early 15th and early 17th centuries.
• It demonstrates a conscious revival and development of

certain elements of classical thought and material culture ,
particularly symmetry and classical orders. Stylistically,
Renaissance architecture came after the Gothic period
and was succeeded by the Baroque
• Renaissance architecture adopted obvious distinguishing

features of classical Roman architecture. However, the
forms and purposes of buildings had changed over time,
as had the structure of cities, which is reflected in the
resulting fusion of classical and 16th century forms.
• The plans of Renaissance buildings typically have a

square, symmetrical appearance in which proportions are
usually based on a module. The primary features of 16th
century structures, which fused classical Roman technique
with Renaissance aesthetics, were based in several
foundational architectural concepts: facades, columns and
pilasters, arches, vaults, domes, windows, and walls.
Cathedral of Pienza
Time and Place
➢ The Renaissance (Italian: Rinascimento, from ri- "again" and nascere "be born")
was a cultural movement that spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century,
beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of
Europe.
➢ App 1400 – 1700AD
➢ Italy - In the middle ages, was composed of different city-states and fiefdoms eg
Florence, Venice, Milan, Mantua.
Florence – is considered as the birthplace of the Renaissance
In Florence, the wealthy wool merchants and bankers sought prestige and status
through their patronage of arts and letters, and architects and artists displayed their
support through their development of new forms in painting, sculpture and
architecture.
THE PERIODS OF
THE RENAISSANCE
• Early Renaissance
• ca. 1400-1500
• Brunelleschi, Alberti
• High Renaissance
• ca. 1500-1525
• Bramante
• Late Renaissance
• ca. 1525-1600
• Palladio
T
I
M
E
L
I
N
E
EARLY RENAISSANCE
❑Growing importance of the upper

bourgeoisie (especially
merchants, bankers)
❑Expansion of industry and world

trade; voyages of exploration
begin
❑Commercial and financial

dominance of Flanders and Italy
❑Increased patronage of the arts by

wealthy individuals
CHARACTERISTICS
❑Plans were square, symmetrical appearance in

which proportions are usually based on a module
which is often the width of an aisle.
Basilica of Sant'Andrea
, Mantua by Alberti
❑Arches are often used in arcades, supported on

piers or columns with capitals
❑The Roman orders of columns are used:-
Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and
Composite which can be structural or
decorative
❑Architects aimed to use columns,

pilasters, and entablatures as an
integrated system
❑Vaults do not have ribs. They are semi-

circular or segmental and on a square
plan, unlike the Gothic vault which is
frequently rectangular
❑Dome is a very large structural feature

that is visible from the exterior, and also
as a means of roofing smaller spaces
where they are only visible internally
Florence Cathedral’s Dome, Brunelleschi

❑ Façades are symmetrical around their vertical axis
❑ Church façades are generally surmounted by a

pediment and organized by a system of pilasters,
arches and entablatures
Cathedral of Pienza, Rossellino
❑Domestic buildings are often surmounted by a cornice
❑There is a regular repetition of openings on each floor,

and the centrally placed door is marked by a feature
such as a balcony, or rusticated surround
Palazzo Rucellai, Alberti

The Architects of the Renaissance
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 –1446)

Michelozzo di Bartolomeo (1396-1472)
Leon Battista Alberti( 1404-1472)
Donato Bramante (1444 –1514)
Andrea Palladio (1508 –1580)

Giacomo daVignola (1507 –1573)
Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475 – 1564)
Filippo Brunelleschi
• Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 1446) was one of
the foremost architects and engineers of the
Italian Renaissance.
• He is perhaps most famous for his discovery of

perspective and for engineering the dome of
the Florence Cathedral, but his
accomplishments also include other
architectural works, sculpture, mathematics,
engineering and even ship design.
• His principal surviving works are to be found in

Florence, Italy.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• Linear perspective
• An innovative boat
WORKS
• Dome of the Florence Cathedral (1419–1436)
• Ospedale degli Innocenti (1419–ca.1445)
• The Basilica of San Lorenzo (1419–1480s)
• Meeting Hall of the Palazzo di Parte Guelfa (1420s–
1445)
• Sagrestia Vecchia, or Old Sacristy of S. Lorenzo (1421–
1440)
• Santa Maria degli Angeli: unfinished, (begun 1434)
• The lantern of Florence Cathedral (1436–ca.1450)
• The exedrae of Florence Cathedral (1439–1445)
• The church of Santo Spirito (1441–1481)
• Pazzi Chapel (1441–1460s)
CATHEDRAL OF ST.MARIA del FIORE AT FLORENCE
SITE MAP
CONCEPT AND OVERVIEW
PARTS OF CATHEDRAL
PLAN AND STRUCTURE
EXTERIOR
EXTERIOR
THE DOMUS
INTERIOR
INTERIOR
INTERIOR
INTERIOR
INTERIOR- FLOORING
TIMELINE OF CONSTRUCTION
IMPACT ON ARCHITECTURE
• The dome of the Florence cathedral is the

largest brick dome in the world. It was the
largest dome in the world for centuries.
• The early renaissance is inextricably linked to

the dome of the Florence cathedral, it
confirmed the Florentine presence.
• Filippo Brunelleschi’s engineering of the

dome, with concentric layers of brick and
masonry, were also implemented in churches
and cathedrals across Europe.
• Special cranes were built to hoist about 37000

tons of materials up in the construction of
domes. These same cranes were used
extensively in dome building, especially in St.
Paul’s, London.
THANK YOU
REFERENCES-
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
arthistory/chapter/renaissance-architecture/
• https://www.slideshare.net/aishwaryadeopujari/cathedral-of-
florence-36104508
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
arthistory/chapter/renaissance-architecture/
• https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=early+renaissance+architectur
e+characteristics&qpvt=early+renaissance+architecture+characteristi
cs&view=detail&mid=C884080B5324909BF0CCC884080B5324909B
F0CC&&FORM=VRDGAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dearly
%2520renaissance%2520architecture%2520characteristics%26qpvt
%3Dearly%2520renaissance%2520architecture%2520characteristics
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INTRODUCTION

• Renaissance architecture is European architecture

• It demonstrates a conscious revival and development of

• Renaissance architecture adopted obvious distinguishing

• The plans of Renaissance buildings typically have a

➢ App 1400 – 1700AD

❑Growing importance of the upper

❑Expansion of industry and world

❑Commercial and financial

❑Increased patronage of the arts by

❑Plans were square, symmetrical appearance in

❑Arches are often used in arcades, supported on

❑Architects aimed to use columns,

❑Vaults do not have ribs. They are semi-

❑Dome is a very large structural feature

Florence Cathedral’s Dome, Brunelleschi

❑ Church façades are generally surmounted by a

Cathedral of Pienza, Rossellino

❑Domestic buildings are often surmounted by a cornice

❑There is a regular repetition of openings on each floor,

Palazzo Rucellai, Alberti

Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 –1446)

Andrea Palladio (1508 –1580)

• He is perhaps most famous for his discovery of

• His principal surviving works are to be found in

• The dome of the Florence cathedral is the

• The early renaissance is inextricably linked to

• Filippo Brunelleschi’s engineering of the

• Special cranes were built to hoist about 37000

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