CBSE Pre-board Exam 2024-25

Class 12th Physics Important Question

1. A thin plastic rod is bent into a circular ring of radius R. It is uniformly
charged with charge density λ. The magnitude of the electric field at its centre
is:

Ans. (B) Zero

2. Ten capacitors, each of capacitance 1 μF, are connected in parallel to a
source of 100 V. The total energy stored in the system is equal to:
(A) 10-2 J
(B) 10-3 J
(C) 0.5 × 10-3 J
(D) 5.0 × 10-2 J
Ans. (D) 5.0 × 10-2 J
3. Consider the circuit shown in the figure. The potential difference between
points A and B is:

(A) 6 V
(B) 8 V
(C) 9 V
(D) 12 V
Ans. (B) 8 V
4. A loop carrying a current I clockwise is placed in x-y plane, in a uniform
magnetic field directed along z-axis. The tendency of the loop will be to:
(A) move along x-axis
(B) move along y-axis
(C) shrink
(D) expand
Ans. (C) shrink
Question 5

Ans. (B)

6. A galvanometer of resistance G Ω is converted into an ammeter of range 0 to

IA. If the current through the galvanometer is 0.1% of I A, the resistance of the
ammeter is:
(A) G/999 Ω
(B) G/1000 Ω
(C) G/1001 Ω
(D) G/100.1 Ω
Ans. (B) G/1000 Ω
7. The reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C connected to an ac source of
frequency ω is 'X'. If the capacitance of the capacitor is doubled and the
frequency of the source is tripled, the reactance will become:
(A) X/6
(B) 6X
(C) 2X/3
(D) 3X/2
Ans. (A) X/6
8. In the four regions, I, II, III and IV, the electric fields are described as:
Region I: Ex = E0 sin(kz - ωt)
Region II: Ex = E0
Region III: Ex = E0 sin kz
Region IV: Ex = E0 cos kz
The displacement current will exist in the region:
(A) I
(B) IV
(C) II
(D) III
Ans. (A) I
9. The transition of electron that gives rise to the formation of the second
spectral line of the Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom
corresponds to:
(A) nf = 2 and ni = 3
(B) nf = 3 and ni = 4
(C) nf = 2 and ni = 4
(D) nf = 2 and ni = ∞
Ans. (C) nf = 2 and ni = 4
10. Ge is doped with As. Due to doping,
(A) the structure of Ge lattice is distorted.
(B) the number of conduction electrons increases.
(C) the number of holes increases.
(D) the number of conduction electrons decreases.
Ans. (B) the number of conduction electrons increases.
11. Two beams, A and B whose photon energies are 3.3 eV and 11.3 eV
respectively, illuminate a metallic surface (work function 2.3 eV) successively.
The ratio of maximum speed of electrons emitted due to beam A to that due to
beam B is:
(A) 3
(B) 9
(C) 1/3
(D) 1/9
Ans. (C) 1/3
12. The waves associated with a moving electron and a moving proton have
the same wavelength λ. It implies that they have the same:
(A) momentum
(B) angular momentum
(C) speed
(D) energy
Ans. (A) momentum
Questions number 13 to 16 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions.
Two statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as
given below.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is notthe
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.
13. Assertion (A): In photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons increases with increase in the intensity of the incident light.
Reason (R): Photoelectric current depends on the wavelength of the incident
light.
Ans. (D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.
14. Assertion (A): The mutual inductance between two coils is maximum
when the coils are wound on each other.
Reason (R): The flux linkage between two coils is maximum when they are
wound on each other.
Ans. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
15. Assertion (A): Two long parallel wires, freely suspended and connected in
series to a battery, move apart.
Reason (R): Two wires carrying current in opposite directions repel each
other.
Ans. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
16. Assertion (A): Plane and convex mirrors cannot produce real images
under any circumstance.
Reason (R): A virtual image cannot serve as an object to produce a real image.
Ans. (D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.
17. Find the temperature at which the resistance of a wire made of silver will
be twice its resistance at 20°C. Take 20°C as the reference temperature and
temperature coefficient of resistance of silver at 20°C = 4.0 × 10-3 K-1.
Ans. Finding the temperature
R = R0[1 + α(T - T0)]
R = 2R0 [Given]
2R0 = R0[1 + a(T - T0)]
On solving
T = T0 + 250
T = 270°C or 543K
18. (a) Monochromatic light of frequency 5.0 × 1014 Hz travels from air into a
medium with refractive index 1.5. Find the wavelength of (i) reflected light,
and (ii) refracted light at the interface of the two media.
Ans. Finding the wavelength of
(i) Reflected Light
(ii) Refracted Light
(i) v = υ λ
3 × 108 = 5 × 1014 × λ
λ = 600 nm or 6 × 10-7m
18. (a) (ii)

OR
(b) A plano-convex lens of focal length 16 cm is made of a material of
refractive index 1.4. Calculate the radius of the curved surface of the lens.
Ans. Calculating the radius of the curved surface
19. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 40 cm. Find the (i) position of the image formed and (ii)
magnification of the image.
Ans. Finding the
(i) position of the image formed
(ii) magnification of the image
20. Consider a neutron (mass m) of kinetic energy E and a photon of the same
energy. Let λn and λp be the de Broglie wavelength of neutron and the
wavelength of photon respectively. Obtain an expression for λn/λp.
Ans. Obtaining an expression for λn/λp

21. Plot a graph showing the variation of current with voltage for the material
GaAs. On the graph, mark the region where:
(a) resistance is negative, and
(b) Ohm's law is obeyed.
Ans. Plotting the graph
Marking the region where:
(a) resistance is negative
(b) Ohm’s law is obeyed
Question 22

Calculate:
(a) the flux passing through the cube, and
(b) the charge within the cube.

Ans. Calculating
(a) the flux passing through the cube
(b) the charge within the cube
Question 23

Ans. (a)

Current density is the amount of charge flowing per second per unit area
normal to the flow.
Alternatively:
𝑗 = I/A
It is a vector quantity.

OR
(b) What is a Wheatstone bridge ? Obtain the necessary conditions under
which the Wheatstone bridge is balanced.
Ans. Defining Wheatstone bridge
Obtaining balancing conditions
Alternatively:
If the figure is explained in words full credit to be given.
For loop ADBA:
–I1 R1 + I2 R2 + Ig G = 0 (1)
For loop CBDC:
I4R4 - I3 R3 - Ig G = 0 (2)
For balanced wheatstone bridge, Ig = 0
And by applying Kirchoff’s junction rule to junction D and B,
I1 = I3 & I2 = I4
From eqn (1) and (2)
24. A proton with kinetic energy 1·3384 10-14 J moving horizontally from
north to south, enters a uniform magnetic field B of 2·0 mT directed eastward.
Calculate :
(a) the speed of the proton
(b) the magnitude of acceleration of the proton
(c) the radius of the path traced by the proton
[Take (q/m) for proton = 1·0 108 C/kg]
Ans. Calculating
(a) the speed of the proton
(b) the magnitude of the acceleration of the proton
(c) the radius of the path traced by the proton
25. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series with an ac
source v = vm sin ωt. Derive an expression for the average power dissipated in
the circuit. Also obtain the expression for the resonant frequency of the
circuit.
Ans. Deriving an expression for the average power dissipated in series LCR
circuit
Obtaining expression for the resonant frequency

The average power over a cycle is given by the average of the two terms in RHS
of eqn (1). It is only the 2nd term which is time dependent. It’s average is zero.
Therefore,
26. (a) "The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is often correlated with
the characteristic size of the system that radiates." Give two examples to
justify this statement.
(b) (i) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why?
(ii) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground, but X-ray astronomy
is possible only from satellites orbiting the Earth. Why?
Ans. (a) Two examples
(b) (i) Reason for use of short waves bands
(ii) Reason for x-ray astronomy from satellites
(a) (Any Two)
• Gamma radiation having wavelength of 10–14 m to 10–15 m, typically
originate from an atomic nucleus.
• X-rays are emitted from heavy atoms.
• Radio waves are produced by accelerating electrons in a circuit. A
transmitting antenna can most efficiently radiate waves having a
wavelength of about the same size as the antenna.
(b) (i) Ionosphere reflects waves in these bands
(ii) Atmosphere absorbs x-rays, while visible and radio waves can penetrate it
Note: Full credit to be given for part (b) for mere attempt.
27. Write the drawbacks of Rutherford's atomic model. How did Bohr remove
them? Show that different orbits in Bohr's atom are not equally spaced.
Ans.
• Drawbacks of Rutherford’s atomic model
• Bohr’s explanation
• Showing different orbits are not equally spaced
Drawbacks:
(i) According to classical electromagnetic theory, an accelerating charged
particle emits radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. The energy of
an accelerating electron should therefore, continuously decrease. The electron
would spiral inward and eventually fall into the nucleus. Thus, such an atom
cannot be stable.
(ii) As the electrons spiral inwards, their angular velocities and hence their
frequencies would change continuously. Thus, they would emit a continuous
spectrum, in contradiction to the line spectrum actually observed.
Bohr postulated stable orbits in which electrons do not radiate energy
Alternatively:
Bohr’s postulates (Any ONE of the three)
(i) An electron in an atom could revolve in certain stable orbits without the
emission of radiant energy.
(ii) The electron revolves around the nucleus only in those orbits for which
the angular momentum is some integral multiple of h/2π
(iii) An electron might make a transition from one of its specified nonradiating
orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is emitted having
energy equal to the energy difference between the initial and final states.
The radius of the nth orbit is found as
rn α n2
Alternatively:
Difference in radius of consecutive orbits is
rn+1 – rn = k [(n+1)2 – n2)]
= k (2n + 1) which depends on n, and is not a constant
28. (a) State any two properties of a nucleus.
(b) Why is the density of a nucleus much more than that of an atom?
(c) Show that the density of the nuclear matter is the same for all nuclei.
Ans. (a) Stating two properties of a nucleus
(b) Why density of a nucleus is much more than that of an atom
(c) Showing that density of nuclear matter is same for all nuclei
(a) (Any TWO)
(i) The nucleus is positively charged
(ii) The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons
(iii) The nuclear density is independent of mass number
(iv) The radius of the nucleus, R = Ro A1/3
(b) Atoms have large amount of empty spaces. Mass is concentrated in
nucleus.
(c) Density = Mass / Volume
So, density is independent of mass number
29. A lens is a transparent medium bounded by two surfaces, with one or both
surfaces being spherical. The focal length of a lens is determined by the radii
of curvature of its two surfaces and the refractive index of its medium with
respect to that of the surrounding medium. The power of a lens is reciprocal of
its focal length. If a number of lenses are kept in contact, the power of the
combination is the algebraic sum of the powers of the individual lenses.
(i) A double-convex lens, with each face having same radius of curvature R, is
made of glass of refractive index n. Its power is :
(A) 2 (n - 1)/R
(B) (2n - 1)/R
(C) (n - 1)/2R
(D) (2n - 1)/2R
Ans. (A) 2 (n - 1)/R
(ii) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same radius of
curvature, is cut into two equal parts perpendicular to its principal axis. The
power of one part of the lens will be :
(A) 2P
(B) P
(C) 4P
(D) P/2
Ans. (D) P/2
(iii) The above two parts are kept in contact with each other as shown in the
figure. The power of the combination will be :

(A) P/2
(B) P
(C) 2P
(D) P/4
Ans. (B) P
(iv) (a) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same radius of
curvature, is cut along its principal axis. The two parts are arranged as shown
in the figure. The power of the combination will be :

(A) Zero
(B) P
(C) 2P
(D) P/2
Ans. (C) 2P
OR
(b) Two convex lenses of focal lengths 60 cm and 20 cm are held coaxially in
contact with each other. The power of the combination is :
(A) 6·6 D
(B) 15 D
(C) 1/15 D
(D) 1/80 D
Ans. (A) 6·6 D
30. Junction Diode as a Rectifier :
The process of conversion of an ac voltage into a dc voltage is called
rectification and the device which performs this conversion is called a rectifier.
The characteristics of a p-n junction diode reveal that when a p-n junction
diode is forward biased, it offers a low resistance and when it is reverse
biased, it offers a high resistance. Hence, a p-n junction diode conducts only
when it is forward biased. This property of a p-n junction diode makes it
suitable for its use as a rectifier.
Thus, when an ac voltage is applied across a p-n junction, it conducts only
during those alternate half cycles for which it is forward biased. A rectifier
which rectifies only half cycle of an ac voltage is called a half-wave rectifier
and one that rectifies both the half cycles is known as a full-wave rectifier.
Ans.

(ii) In a full-wave rectifier, the current in each of the diodes flows for :
(A) Complete cycle of the input signal
(B) Half cycle of the input signal
(C) Less than half cycle of the input signal
(D) Only for the positive half cycle of the input signal
Ans. (B) Half cycle of the input signal
(iii) In a full-wave rectifier :
(A) Both diodes are forward biased at the same time.
(B) Both diodes are reverse biased at the same time.
(C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the same time.
(D) Both are forward biased in the first half of the cycle and reverse biased in
the second half of the cycle.
Ans. (C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the same
time.
(iv) (a) An alternating voltage of frequency of 50 Hz is applied to a half-wave
rectifier. Then the ripple frequency of the output will be :
(A) 100 Hz
(B) 50 Hz
(C) 25 Hz
(D) 150 Hz
Ans. (B) 50 Hz
(b) A signal, as shown in the figure, is applied to a p-n junction diode. Identify
the output across resistance RL :
Ans.
31.

Ans. (i)
• Deriving the expression for potential energy
• Maximum & Minimum value of potential energy
(ii) Finding the torque.
OR
31.

Ans. (i) Deriving expression for potential

(ii) New charge on Sphere S1
Alternatively:
By geometry

Using equations (i) ,(ii) & (iii) & p = 2qa

When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V and the
charge remains conserved.

Alternatively:
When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V and the
charge remains conserved.

32. (a) (i) A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac source v
= vm sin ωt. Derive an expression for the impedance of the circuit.
(ii) When does an inductor act as a conductor in a circuit ? Give reason for it.
(iii) An electric lamp is designed to operate at 110 V dc and 11 A current. If
the lamp is operated on 220 V, 50 Hz ac source with a coil in series, then find
the inductance of the coil.
Ans.
(i) Deriving expression for impedance
(ii) Reason
(iii) Inductance of coil
(ii) For direct current (dc), an inductor behaves as a conductor.
As XL = ωL = 2π ν L
For dc ν = 0 ⇒ XL = 0
Alternatively: -
Induced emf (ε) = -LdI/dt
For dc; dI = 0 ⇒ ε = 0
(iii) R = 110/11 = 10 Ω

Squaring both sides:

 OR
(b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer and describe its
working principle. Explain any three causes for energy losses in a real
transformer.

(ii) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high voltage. Does it
violate the principle of conservation of energy ? Explain.
(iii) A step-up transformer has 200 and 3000 turns in its primary and
secondary coils respectively. The input voltage given to the primary coil is 90
V. Calculate :
(1) The output voltage across the secondary coil
(2) The current in the primary coil if the current in the secondary coil is 2·0 A.
Ans. (i) Labelled diagram of step – up transformer
Describing working principle
Three causes
(ii) Explanation
(iii) (1) Output voltage across secondary coil
(2) Current in primary coil
The working principle of transformer is mutual induction.
When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting current
produces an alternating magnetic flux which links the secondary and induces
an emf in it.
Causes of energy losses (Any three)
(a) Flux leakage
(b) Resistance of the windings
(c) Eddy currents
(d) Hysteresis
(ii) No
Current changes correspondingly. So, the input power is equal to the output
power.
(iii)

33. (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a triangular prism. Show graphically,
how the angle of deviation varies with the angle of incidence ? Hence define
the angle of minimum deviation.
(ii) A ray of light is incident normally on a refracting face of a prism of prism
angle A and suffers a deviation of angle δ. Prove that the refractive index n of
the material of the prism is given by sin A sin (A + δ )/sin A.
(iii) The refractive index of the material of a prism is √2. If the refracting angle
of the prism is 60° , find the
(1) Angle of minimum deviation, and
(2) Angle of incidence.
Ans.

Minimum deviation angle is defined as the angle at which angle of incidence is

equal to the angle of emergence.
Alternatively
At minimum deviation refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel to the
base of the prism.
 OR
(b) (i) State Huygens principle. A plane wave is incident at an angle i on a
reflecting surface. Construct the corresponding reflected wavefront. Using this
diagram, prove that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
(ii) What are the coherent sources of light ? Can two independent sodium
lamps act like coherent sources ? Explain.
(iii) A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm and an
unknown wavelength λ, used in Young's double slit experiment produces two
interference patterns such that the fourth bright fringe of unknown
wavelength coincides with the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find
the value of λ.
Ans.
(i) Statement of Huygens’ Principle
Construction of reflected wave front
Proof of angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence
(ii) Definition of coherent sources
Explanation
(iii) Finding the unknown wavelength
(i) Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and
the wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all directions with the
spread of the wave. Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary
disturbance and the wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all
directions with the speed of the wave. These wavelets emanating from the
wavefront are usually referred to as secondary wavelets and if we draw a
common tangent to all these spheres, we obtain the new position of the
wavefront at a later time.

ΔEAC is congruent to ΔBAC; so ∠i = ∠r

(ii) Two sources are said to be coherent if the phase difference between them
does not change with time.
No, two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent.
Two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent as the phase between
them does not remain constant with time.
(iii)