CSP Report Final

A
MICROPROJECT ON
“Traffic Light System”
„„Subject: Control System PLC
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF
Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication
SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY
Sr.no Name of Students Roll no.

1 Vinit S. Dudhyal 3403
2 Laxmi T. Jadhav 3409
3 Sakshi G. Kothimbire 3410
GUIDED BY
Prof. Jamale B.V.
Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Belati, Solapur
2024-25
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Micro Project entitled “Traffic Light System” was submitted to the
Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic Solapur in partial fulfillment of Diploma in Electronics and
Telecommunication is a record of original work done by Roll no.3403,3409,3410 during the
period of 15th July 2024 to 25th October 2024.
Guide HOD
Prof. Jamale B.V. Prof. Ghule D. K.
INDEX
Sr. No. Title of Point Page No.
1) Title of the Project 1
2) Introduction 1
3) Aim 1
4) Resources used 1
5) Brief Description 1
6) Image of Model/ Microproject 4
7) Skill Developed 4
9) References 4
Photo of Model/ Microproject with 5

10)
guide
 Title of project:- Traffic Light System.
 Introduction :- Control systems are used in a wide range of applications they are the essential parts
of many modern devices and systems. In simple terms, Control systems are used to control the
behavior of devices or any process. A Control system is a system or a set of devices that manages
command and directs the behavior of other devices or systems. It works on the principle of the input-
process-output cycle. since the output is controlled by varying input. They are widely used in
electronics, automation, and engineering. Control systems has various examples and it is widely used
in day to day applications. Here is the one of example of control system is that 4-way
Traffic Light System.
 Aim of the project :- To design and build 4-way Traffic Light System.
 Resources Used:- Ne555 ic, cd4017 ic, resistors(1k, 100ohm), LEDs (red,yellow,green), variable
pot(10k), transistor(c945), single stand wire, switch, PCB, etc.
 Brief Description:- Traffic lights, also known as traffic lamps, traffic signals, stoplight, stop-and-
go lights semaphore or robots, are signalling devices positioned at pedestrian crossings, road
intersections, and other locations to control competing flows of traffic. Traffic lights have installed in
most cities around the world to control the flow of traffic. It assigns the right of way to road users by
the use of lights in standard colours (Red -Yellow Green), using a universal colour code (and a precise
sequence, for colour blind). Traffic lights are used at busy intersections to more evenly apportion
delay to the various users. The increasing amount of traffic in the cities has a large impact on the
congestion and the time it takes to reach a certain destination. A Traffic light controller plays a very
important role to control the vehicles on the busy roads. Nowadays there are occurring many accidents
because of the lack of properly maintained traffic signals. Besides, it creates a huge traffic jam. For
example, in Dhaka city, the flow of vehicles in most of the crossways is not properly maintained. As a
result, Dhaka city is badly affected by the traffic jam. This traffic light controller can be used to solve
the traffic problem.
 Different Types of RADAR system :-

1. Fixed-Time Traffic Signals:
2. Actuated Traffic Signals:
3. Pre-Timed Traffic Signals:
4. Smart Traffic Signals:
5. Cloud computing traffic light system:
1. Fixed-Time Traffic Signals:
A fixed-time traffic signal is a signal that uses a timer to change at predetermined intervals, instead of
changing according to traffic movements. They create an organized, predictable traffic pattern in the
area they’re installed by using an electro-mechanical signal controller that can be adjusted and uses a
dial timer to ensure the signal changes at whatever interval a traffic designer decides what is necessary
for that intersection. The main advantage of fixed-time traffic signals is their initial costs and
maintenance needs are much lower than other traffic signal systems.
Figure : Fixed-Time Traffic Signals

2. Actuated Traffic Signals:
An actuated traffic signal changes according to traffic movements instead of at fixed intervals of time,
using sensors to detect traffic. Their purpose is to make adjustments that will allow traffic to flow
quickly and efficiently, instead of stopping the flow of traffic unnecessarily. There are many types of
detectors that can be used to communicate with an actuated signal’s control system. There are
detectors that can be embedded in the road to detect when vehicles drive over them, like pressure
plates and inductive loops. There are also detectors that rely on overhead devices that watch traffic
from above, like non-video and video sensors. There are many benefits to these types of traffic
signals, as they can best keep up with traffic flow and help alleviate traffic jams
Figure : Actuated Traffic Signals

3. Pre-Timed Traffic Signals:
Pre-timed traffic signals are somewhat like fixed-time traffic signals as they have their signal changes
set ahead of time. However, pre-timed traffic signals can be set to run in phases so that their changes
depend on the time of day. For example, a fixed-time traffic signal might change every 60 seconds all
day long, whereas a pre-timed traffic signal might change every 60 seconds in the busiest hours of the
morning and afternoon but change every 120 seconds at the less busy times of the day. These work
better than fixed-time traffic signals as they can use collected data to adjust their times throughout the
day, helping traffic flow better
Figure : Pre-Timed Traffic Signals

4.Smart Traffic Signals:
Smart traffic signals are a new approach to traffic control that utilizes developing technologies to
collect and analyze data to optimize the timing and coordination of traffic signals in real-time. There
are many sensory technologies that smart traffic signals use, depending on what works best in the
intersection. They might use above-ground sensors like radars or video cameras, or embedded sensors
like loop detectors or pressure plates. The data collected by these sensors is fed into advanced
algorithms to assess traffic patterns and optimize traffic flow continuously throughout the day
Figure : Smart Traffic Signals

5.Cloud computing traffic light system:
A cloud computing based intelligent traffic light control algorithm, called CITLA. This algorithm
aims to schedule the traffic by switching the phases of the traffic lights dynamically according to
the state of the road in real time based on the conventional cloud. The Cloud has a global view on
the road network since it is responsible for collecting road information via the RSUs placed on each
street corner. It commutes thereafter, based on the information collected, the density of each road
so as to minimize the waiting time and congestion on the roads. The results of these calculations are
transmitted in real time to the RSUs which are responsible for controlling the traffic lights by
changing the phases. The feasibility of CITLA was demonstrated through simulations using the
discrete event simulator OMNeT++ with Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO)
Figure : Smart Traffic Signals
 Image of model/Microproject:
 Skill Developed :- 1. We have learnt about the 4 way traffic light control system.
2. We are able to understand various types of traffic light system.
 Reference :- https://youtu.be/nAykBXr1IH0?si=Ou5UF2VhmuRxj_wF
https://www.greenlighttrafficengineering.com/blog/a-guide-to-types-of-traffic-signals
 Photo with Guide:-

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A

“Traffic Light System”

„„Subject: Control System PLC

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

Sr.no Name of Students Roll no.

Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Belati, Solapur

Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic Solapur in partial fulfillment of Diploma in Electronics and

Telecommunication is a record of original work done by Roll no.3403,3409,3410 during the

period of 15th July 2024 to 25th October 2024.

Sr. No. Title of Point Page No.

1) Title of the Project 1

6) Image of Model/ Microproject 4

Photo of Model/ Microproject with 5

 Different Types of RADAR system :-

Figure : Fixed-Time Traffic Signals

Figure : Actuated Traffic Signals

Figure : Pre-Timed Traffic Signals

Figure : Smart Traffic Signals

Figure : Smart Traffic Signals

 Photo with Guide:-

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