Lecture 6-Materials Selection-Student Version

Công nghệ chế tạo các sản phẩm composites
(Manufacturing of composites)
Lecture 6
Materials selection
Nguyễn Bá Kiên
Bộ môn CNVL-Khoa Cơ khí
nbkien@dut.udn.vn
2024
Contents
➢ Material Selection:Need and reasons
➢ Material Property
➢ Material Selection Process
➢ Material Selection Methods
2
Material Selection
➢ The behavior and performance of a product depend on the types of
materials used in making the part.
➢ There are more than 50,000 materials available for the design and
manufacture of a product.Every material cannot be a right choice for a
given application;therefore, there is a need for suitable material
selection.
➢ Depending on the selection of a material, product exhibits change in
◦ design,
◦ processing,
◦ cost,
◦ quality, and
◦ performance.
3
Material Selection: Need and reason
➢ Need for Material Selection
• Without proper knowledge of material section,opportunities

offered by advanced material systems can cause decreased
competitiveness and can lead to loss of market
• With the increase in customer demand for higher

performance and quality,competition among companies has
increased.
• Governments are passing new laws for a better environment.
4
➢ Reasons for Material Selection
• To redesign an existing product for better performance, lower
cost, increased reliability,decreased weight,etc.
• To select a material for a new product or application.
➢ For example,parts made by injection molding should be compared

with the parts made by the die casting or sand casting process,
including the machining operations to get the final part.
5
➢ Reasons for Material Selection

• To redesign an existing product for better performance,
lower cost, increased reliability,decreased weight,etc.
• To select a material for a new product or application.
➢ For example,parts made by injection molding should be

compared with the parts made by the die casting or sand casting
process, including the machining operations to get the final part.
6
Material Property ( just recalling)
Mazumdar, S., 2001. Composites manufacturing: materials, product, and process engineering. CrC press.
7
Material Selection Process
➢ Understanding and Determining the

Requirements
➢ Selection of Possible Materials
➢ Determination of Candidate Materials
➢ Testing and Evaluation
8
Understanding and Determining the Requirements
➢ The first step in identifying a material is to define the

requirements of a product.
➢ There may be several benefits a material can offer but
some requirements are critical to the application.
➢ Some of the requirements that need to be considered during
material selection process are:
1. Strength
2. Impact resistance
3. Temperature resistance
4. Humidity, chemical and electrical resistance
5. Process
6. Production rate
7. Cost
9
Selection of Possible Materials
➢ Based on the requirements of an application,possible materials
and manufacturing processes that meet minimum or maximum
requirements of the application are determined.
➢ One should set the minimum or maximum requirements that
the material and the process must possess and should result in a
positive“yes” or “no” answer.
➢ The purpose of this screening phase is to obtain a definite
answer as to whether a particular material and the process
should be considered for the application.
➢ Selection of potential materials is done from material databases
obtained from material suppliers and handbooks.
10
Determination of Candidate Materials
➢ In the conceptual design phase,more than one material system
and manufacturing method are selected to provide a wide choice
of creative and innovative designs.
➢ The cost, weight,and performance characteristics of each of these
design concepts will.
➢ Stress and other analyses must be performed to evaluate
each design concept.
➢ Finite element analysis (FEA) software and other tools can greatly
reduce the cost and time associated with the product
development phase.
➢ A make-and-break approach must be avoided.
➢ A good understanding of the product requirements will greatly
help in making the right material and processing choices.
11
Testing and Evaluation
➢ Prototype parts are made and then tested to validate the design.
➢ Depending on the seriousness of an application,the number
of parts to be tested should be decided.
➢ Aerospace and automobile parts generally require more tests
to ensure that the part functions safely and reliably under
various service conditions.
➢ Large property database is created to understand the behavior
of the part under various service conditions.
For example, the driveshaft needs to be tested for automotive
fluid exposures, water and salt exposures, and temperature
extremes of -40 and +150°C.
➢ Static and dynamic tests are conducted under these conditions.
➢ The behavior of the adhesive is investigated for these service
conditions.
➢ The effect of thermal cycling and stone impingement on
the performance should be understood.
12
Material Selection Methods
➢ Cost vs.PropertyAnalysis
➢ Weighted Property Comparison Method
➢ Expert System for Material Selection
13
Cost vs. Property Analysis
➢ The present method compares the material cost for
equivalent material property requirements.
➢ The property could be tensile strength,compressive strength,

flexural strength, fatigue,creep,impact,or any other property
that is critical to the application.
➢ The method determines the weight required by different

materials to meet the desired property.
➢ From the weight,it determines the cost of the material.
14
Cost vs. Property Analysis
15
Weighted Property Comparison
Method
➢ Scaling for Nonquantitative Property
➢ Scaling for Maximum Property Requirement
➢ Scaling for Minimum Property Requirement
16
Weighted Property Comparison Method
➢ Scaling for Nonquantitative Property
17
➢ Scaling for Maximum Property Requirement
18
➢ Scaling for Minimum Property Requirement
19
Expert System for Material Selection
➢ Thousands of material choices calls for the need for an
expert system for the selection of alternative materials for a
given application.
➢ Raw material suppliers provide designers and fabricators with a
list
➢ of basic material properties.
➢ These datasheets are useful for initial screening of materials
but not for final selection.
➢ Few expert systems are being developed for composite
material selection.
➢ In an expert system, the user feeds in the service
condition requirements
• e.g.,operating temperature range, chemical resistance, fluid
exposure, percent elongation, fracture toughness, strength,
etc.
➢ Based on the available material database,the expert system
provides material systems that are suitable for the application.
20
Assignment
➢ Take any product and try to find out all

loads acting on it.
➢ If two loads are acting simultaneously, try
to find out their weightages.
21

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Công nghệ chế tạo các sản phẩm composites

➢ Material Selection Process

➢ Material Selection Methods

• Without proper knowledge of material section,opportunities

• With the increase in customer demand for higher

• Governments are passing new laws for a better environment.

➢ For example,parts made by injection molding should be compared

➢ Reasons for Material Selection

➢ For example,parts made by injection molding should be

➢ Understanding and Determining the

➢ Selection of Possible Materials

➢ Determination of Candidate Materials

➢ Testing and Evaluation

➢ The first step in identifying a material is to define the

➢ Weighted Property Comparison Method

➢ Expert System for Material Selection

➢ The property could be tensile strength,compressive strength,

➢ The method determines the weight required by different

➢ From the weight,it determines the cost of the material.

➢ Scaling for Maximum Property Requirement

➢ Scaling for Minimum Property Requirement

➢ Scaling for Nonquantitative Property

➢ Scaling for Minimum Property Requirement

➢ Take any product and try to find out all

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