Construction Materials Introduction

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING:
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND TESTING

CVE 304/304L: Construction Material And Testing
This material is for use and distribution only within the

CVE 304/304L: Construction Material And Testing
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND TESTING
THE COURSE DEALS WITH THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
COMMON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS PRIMARILY METALS,
PLASTICS, WOOD, CONCRETE, COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES,
ASPHALT AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS; EXAMINATION OF
MATERIAL PROPERTIES WITH RESPECT TO DESIGN AND USE OF
END PRODUCT, DESIGN AND CONTROL OF AGGREGATES,
CONCRETE AND ASPHALT MIXTURES, PRINCIPLE OF TESTING;
CHARACTERISTICS OF TEST; PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND
MATERIALS TESTING EQUIPMENT.
IMPORTANCE
1. Safety and Durability:
•Material Properties: Understanding
the properties of construction
materials, such as strength, elasticity,
and thermal behavior, is essential to
ensure the structural integrity of
buildings and infrastructure. Testing
materials helps to verify their ability
to withstand loads and environmental
conditions over time. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
• 2. Cost-Effectiveness:
Optimal Material Selection: Knowledge of
materials allows engineers to choose the
most cost-effective options without
compromising quality. Testing can help
identify alternative materials that offer
better performance or cost savings.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

• 3. Sustainability:
Environmental Impact: Engineers can
select materials with a lower
environmental impact, such as recycled
or locally sourced materials. Testing
ensures these materials meet
performance criteria while contributing
to sustainable construction practices
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

4. Innovation and Improvement:
Development of New Materials:
Continuous testing and research on
materials lead to developing new,
more efficient materials. This
innovation can improve the overall
quality and performance of
construction projects.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

5. Regulatory Compliance:
• Meeting Legal Requirements: Engineers must ensure the materials
meet all legal and regulatory requirements. Testing is often a
mandatory part of this compliance process.
• Risk Management: Proper material testing can prevent legal issues
and liabilities arising from material failures or non-compliance with
regulations.
6. Quality Control:
• Consistency in Production: Testing materials
during different stages of production ensures
consistency and quality, reducing the
likelihood of defects or failures.
• Verification of Supplier Claims: Material
testing verifies that the materials supplied
match the specifications and claims made by
manufacturers or suppliers.
CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
HORIZONTAL: VERTICAL:
✓ROADS ✓BUILDING
✓BRIDGES ✓TOWER
✓CANALS
✓PORTS
BUILDING
TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
BRIDGES
HIGHWAYS
INDUSTRIAL FACILTY
DAMS
CANALS & IRRIGATION
PORTS AND HARBORS
Ports and harbors are essential components of maritime

infrastructure, serving as hubs for transferring goods,
passengers, and services between land and water.
WATER CUBE
WATER CUBE
CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
YES
NO
REVISE
PLANNING SAFE?
STRUCTURE
PRELIMINARY
ESTIMATION OF STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL
LOADS ANALYSIS
DESIGN
SOLID STRUCTURAL
MATERIALS
MECHANICS DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES
Materials of Construction
• Engineering structures are composed of materials.
These materials are known as engineering materials or
materials of construction
COMMON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
✓SOIL ✓WOOD
✓AGGREGATES ✓BITUMENS (BITUMINOUS MATERIALS)
✓CEMENT ✓STEEL REINFORCEMENT
✓MORTAR (MASONRY) (STRUCTURAL STEELS)
✓CONCRETE ✓PLASTIC (POLYMERS)
• Original cost, maintenance, durability, and appearance of the
structures are being influenced by the proper selection of
materials to be used in a particular building or structure.
• The service conditions of buildings demand a wide range of

materials and various properties such as water resistance,
strength, durability, temperature resistance, appearance,
permeability to be studied appropriately before making the final
selection of any building material for structures.
MATERIAL ENGINEERS
Materials engineers are responsible for the selection,
specification, and quality control of materials to be used in
a job. These materials must meet certain classes of
criteria or materials properties (Ashby and Jones 2005).
PROPERTIES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
✓PHYSICAL
✓MECHANICAL
✓CHEMICAL
FACTORS IN SELECTING MATERIALS
✓STRENGTH
✓SERVICEABILITY
✓AESTHETIC PROPERTIES
✓ECONOMIC FACTOR
✓ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMIC FACTORS
✓AVAILABILITY AND COST OF RAW MATERIALS

✓MANUFACTURING COSTS
✓TRANSPORTATION
✓PLACING
✓MAINTENANCE
MANILA BAY
ISSUES IN MANILA BAY
VARIABILITY OF MATERIALS
The term "variability of materials" refers to
✓COMPOSITION the natural differences in properties and
characteristics within a batch or between
✓PROPERTIES different batches of the same material.
This variability can be due to
✓PROCESSING manufacturing processes, raw material
sources, environmental conditions, and
✓TESTING even handling or storage conditions.
STANDARD SPECIFICATION
DEFINES THE PROPERT(Y/IES) OR PERFORMANCE
IND(EX/ICES) OF MATERIAL/S IN TERMS OF LIMIT/S
(MAXIMUM, MINIMUM) ON PARAMETERS USING A
SPECIFIED METHOD
EX: STRENGTH OF PORTLAND CEMENT AS GIVEN IN ASTM

C150: 28 MPA IN 28 DAYS FOLLOWING THE TESTING
PROCEDURE IN ASTM C109
STANDARD TEST METHOD
IT DESCRIBES HOW THE TEST SHOULD BE CONDUCTED,
STANDARDS
PNS PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD
ASTM AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS
ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATION
AASHTO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND
TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS
SOLID STRUCTURAL
MATERIALS
MECHANICS DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
TESTING AND INSPECTION PLAN
CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES
MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE PLAN
MATERIAL TESTING
• Materials Testing is a measurement of the characteristics and
behavior of such substances as metals, ceramics, or plastics
under various conditions
• The data thus obtained can be used in specifying the suitability
of materials for multiple applications like building or aircraft
construction, machinery, or packaging. Materials testing helps
us to understand and quantify whether a specific material or
treatment is suitable for a particular application.
Forms of testing
• Field testing CMT services take place at the
site. Roadways, airports, utility projects,
building developments: All typically involve
CMT processes carried out by certified
professionals
• Compaction, moisture, air content, and
more, most of which is evaluated
through visual inspection and or non-
destructive techniques. Steel structures,
retaining walls, and soil foundations are
prime examples of the construction that
are assessed during Field Testing.
• Lab Testing is recommended when Field
Testing indicates further study is needed as
the next phase of a comprehensive CMT
regimen. Laboratory testing is usually
performed on an as-needed basis.
Common lab-tested construction materials
include:
• Flexural Strength Testing, Compression
Strength Testing, Unit Weight, Tensile
Testing, Absorption, Efflorescence
Testing, Mix Design, Structural Masonry
Testing, and more
Destructive Testing
• Destructive testing is undertaken in order to understand a specimen’s
performance or material behaviour, these procedures are carried out
to the test specimen’s failure. Destructive testing procedures can
either follow specific standards or can be tailored to reproduce set
service conditions.
• Destructive testing methods are commonly used for materials

characterization, fabrication validation, failure investigation, and can
form a key part of engineering critical assessments,
Types of Destructive Testing
• Aggressive Environment Testing
• Corrosion Testing
• Fracture and Mechanical Testing
• Fatigue Testing
• Residual Stress Measurement
• Hydrogen Testing
Non-Destructive Testing
• Nondestructive testing (NDT) is the process of inspecting,
testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies
for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without
destroying the serviceability of the part or system. In other
words, when the inspection or test is completed, the part
can still be used.
Types of non Destructive Testing
• Acoustic Emission Testing (AE)
• Electromagnetic Testing (ET)
• Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
• Laser Testing Methods (LM)
• Leak Testing (LT)
• Microwave Testing
• Radiographic Testing (RT)
Homework
• Describe and Illustrate the different Destructive and Non Destructive
test in construction materials and Testing.
• Must be handwritten with a 1” x 1” margin.
• Drawings/illustration can be cut and paste online but all the
sentences must be handwritten.
• Upload your assignment in the google form provided by your
professor.

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CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING:

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND TESTING

This material is for use and distribution only within the

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Ports and harbors are essential components of maritime

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

• The service conditions of buildings demand a wide range of

✓AVAILABILITY AND COST OF RAW MATERIALS

EX: STRENGTH OF PORTLAND CEMENT AS GIVEN IN ASTM

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

TESTING AND INSPECTION PLAN

• Destructive testing methods are commonly used for materials

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