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Soul
Soul music was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s. It originated in
the United States, and combined elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm
and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handelaps and
extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features. Other
characteristics include “call and response” between the soloist and the chorus, and an
especially intense and powerful vocal sound.
James Brown
James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933 – December 25, 2006) was an American
singer, dancer, and musician. The central progenitor of funk music and a major figure of
20th-century music, he is referred to by various nicknames, among them “Mr. Dynamite”,
“the Hardest-Working Man in Show Business”, “Minister of New Super Heavy Funk”,
“Godfather of Soul”, “King of Soul”, and “Soul Brother No. 1”.In a career that lasted
more than 50 years, he influenced the development of several music genres.Brown was
one of the first ten inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 23, 1986.
His music has been heavily sampled by hip-hop musicians and other artists.
Some important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the
emergence of soul music include Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray
Charles, Little Richard, Otis Redding. and James Brown were equally influential. Brown
is known as the "Godfather of Soul," while Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also often
acknowledged as "soul forefathers."
Etta James
Jamesetta Hawkins (January 25, 1938 – January 20, 2012), known
professionally as Etta James, was an American singer and songwriter who performed in
various genres, including gospel, blues, jazz, R&B, rock and roll, and soul. Starting her
career in 1954, she gained fame with hits such as “The Wallflower”, “At Last”, “Tell
Mama”, “Something’s Got a Hold on Me”, and “I’d Rather Go Blind”. She faced a
number of personal problems, including heroin addiction, severe physical abuse, and
incarceration, before making a musical comeback in the late 1980s with the album
Seven Year Itch.
Soul music continued to be popular into the 1970s. Examples of soul hits from
that era are: Ain’t No Mountain High Enough, Ben, All I Could Do Was Cry, Soul to Soul,
and Betcha by Golly Wow.