salt 1. Ammonium Carbonate

ALPHA CBSE SCHOOL, CIT NAGAR
Systematic Analysis of Simple Salt 1– Ammonium Carbonate
Experiment Observation Inference
COLOUR Colourless Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,

Colour of the salt Co2+,Mn2+,Ni2+ etc.,
Appearance: Crystalline May be SO42-,Cl-,NO3- ,CH3COOH,

Note the appearance of salt
(NH4)2CO3
ACTIONOFHEAT Apungent smelling gas which gives a

dense white fumes with a glass rod May be NH4+
A Pinch of salt is heated in a dry test dipped in conc. HCl
tube
A colorless gas turns lime water
milky May be CO3-
No characteristic
Absence of CO32-, NO3- , NH 4 +
change
ASH TEST:
Absence of Al3+,Zn2+,Mg2+
To a little bit of the salt solutionin the
test tube addedConc.HNO3 and No characteristic
cobalt nitrate. Afilter paper in dipped
in thesolutionandignited. change
Identification of acid radicals
ACTION OF HCl: A brisk effervescence turning lime Presence of CO32- is confirmed

water milky
To a little of the salt in the test
tube, added diluted HCl.
ACTION OF H2SO4 &MnO2
To a small amount of salt, add No characteristic change Absence of Cl-,Br-,I-

MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4 and
heated.
Copper turning test:

To a pinch of salt,copper turnings and No reddish brown fumes Absence of NO3-
conc.H2 S O4 added
CHROMYL CHLORIDE TEST
To a small amount of the salt, add

a pinch of potassium dichromate No red orange vapours
and Conc. H2SO4 and heat. Absence of chloride
Pass red orange fumes into NaOH
solution
To the yellow solution add lead
acetate solution
AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST
To the given salt solution add conc.

HNO3 and boil. Then, add excess of No Canary yellow ppt Absence of Phosphate
ammonium molybdate solution and
heat.
MAGNESIA MIXTURE TEST
To the given salt add pinch ofsolid

No white ppt is formed. Absence of phosphate
NH4Cl and boil. Cool and then
add MgSO4 solution and excess
of NH4OH solution and scratch
the sides of the test tube.
BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST:
To the salt solution add barium White precipitate soluble in Conc HCl
chloride solution Presence of carbonate
ESTER FORMATION TEST

To the given salt, add ethanol and No Pleasant fruity smell Absence of acetate
Conc.H2SO4 .Heat and smell.
OXALIC ACID TEST
To a small amount of the salt add

oxalic acid and add 2-3 drops of No vinegar like smell is observed. Absence of acetate
water and rub the paste between
fingers and smell.
KMnO4 TEST: No Pink colour is discharged with

To the salt solution add steady effervescence.
dil.H2SO4 and add1 mL of Absence of oxalate
KMnO4 solution.
Preparation of Sodium Carbonate Extract

A small amount of the salt is mixed with twice the amount of sodium carbonate in a 100 mLbeaker, 20 mL of distilled
water is added and the solution is boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and then filtered.The filtrate is called sodium
carbonate extract.
SILVER NITRATE TEST:
To a few drops of the extract added No curdy white precipitate is Absence of Chloride
dil. nitric acid and silver nitrate obtained
solution.
LEAD ACETATE TEST Absence of Sulphate

To a few drops of the extract, lead No white precipitate is obtained.
acetate solution is added .
BROWN RING TEST

Absence of nitrate
To a few drops of the extract added
freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
solution and then added conc. No dark brown ring is formed at
H2SO4 along the sides of the test the junction of the two layers.
tube.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE TEST

No white ppt. is obtained. Absence of oxalate
To a few drops of extract with dil.
Acetic acid. Boil off CO2 and add
calcium chloride solution.
Identification of basic radicals
Preparation of original solution
The original solution is prepared by dissolving a gram of the salt in 10 to 15 mL of distilled water. If the
salt is insoluble in distilled water dissolve the salt in dil.HCl.The clear solution thus obtained is original
solution.
Identification of basic radicals(Group Separation)

Zero group:
presence of NH4+
To 1 mL of the original solution a Reddish brown precipitate is (zero group)
few drops of Nessler’s reagent and obtained.
excess of sodium hydroxide
solutions are added.
1.To a few drops of the original

solution, dil. HCl is added No white precipitate is obtained Absence of (group I) Pb2+
2.To a few drops of the original

solution and dil. HCl and then No black precipitate is obtained Absence of (groupII) Cu2+
passed H2 S gas
3. To a few drops of the original

solution, ammonium chloride and No white precipitate is obtained
ammonium hydroxide solution are absence of group III (Al3+)
added.
4. To a few drops of originalsolution

1 mL of ammoniumchloride and 2 No white precipitate is obtained absence of group IV (Zn2+)
mL of ammoniumhydroxide
solutions are added and then H2S gas
passed.
5. To a few drops of originalsolution

and 1 mL ammoniumchloride, 2 mL
of ammoniumhydroxide and 2 mL of No white precipitate is obtained absence of group V
saturatedammonium carbonate
solutionsare added.
6. To a few drops of
originalsolution 2 mL of
ammoniumchloride, 2 mL of No white precipitate is obtained
ammoniumhydroxide and 2 mL absence of group VI ( Mg2+)
of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate
solutions are added.
Confirmatory Test for basic radicals
Group zero(Ammonium NH4+):

1. Nessler’s reagent test: To a few Ammonium is confirmed.
drops of original solution, 1mL of Reddish brown precipitate is
Nessler’s reagent and Sodium obtained. 2K2[HgI4] + NH3 + 3NaOH
hydroxide solutions are added. NH2.HgO HgI +7NaI+2H2O
2. Sodium hydroxide test :

To a few drops of original Characteristic smell of ammonia and Ammonium is confirmed.
solution add sodium evolution of dense white fumes is
Hydroxide solution and warm. observed.
Result:
1. The given acid radical is Carbonate

2. The given basic radical is Ammonium
3. The given simple salt is Ammonium Carbonate

salt 1. Ammonium Carbonate

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ALPHA CBSE SCHOOL, CIT NAGAR

Systematic Analysis of Simple Salt 1– Ammonium Carbonate

Experiment Observation Inference

COLOUR Colourless Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,

Appearance: Crystalline May be SO42-,Cl-,NO3- ,CH3COOH,

ACTIONOFHEAT Apungent smelling gas which gives a

Identification of acid radicals

ACTION OF HCl: A brisk effervescence turning lime Presence of CO32- is confirmed

ACTION OF H2SO4 &MnO2

To a small amount of salt, add No characteristic change Absence of Cl-,Br-,I-

Copper turning test:

CHROMYL CHLORIDE TEST

To a small amount of the salt, add

AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST

To the given salt solution add conc.

MAGNESIA MIXTURE TEST

To the given salt add pinch ofsolid

ESTER FORMATION TEST

OXALIC ACID TEST

To a small amount of the salt add

KMnO4 TEST: No Pink colour is discharged with

Preparation of Sodium Carbonate Extract

SILVER NITRATE TEST:

LEAD ACETATE TEST Absence of Sulphate

BROWN RING TEST

CALCIUM CHLORIDE TEST

Identification of basic radicals

Preparation of original solution

Identification of basic radicals(Group Separation)

1.To a few drops of the original

2.To a few drops of the original

3. To a few drops of the original

4. To a few drops of originalsolution

5. To a few drops of originalsolution

Confirmatory Test for basic radicals

Group zero(Ammonium NH4+):

2. Sodium hydroxide test :

1. The given acid radical is Carbonate

3. The given simple salt is Ammonium Carbonate

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