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17 views

JAVA_Questions

Uploaded by

anandmca00
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JAVA

1. Applet Life Cycle


An applet is a Java program that runs in a web browser. The life cycle of an
applet involves the following methods:

- init(): Called when the applet is initialised.


- start(): Called when the applet starts running.
- stop(): Called when the applet is stopped, like when the user leaves the page.
- destroy(): Called when the applet is destroyed to release resources.

public class MyApplet extends Applet {


public void init() { System.out.println("Applet Initialized"); }
public void start() { System.out.println("Applet Started"); }
public void stop() { System.out.println("Applet Stopped"); }
public void destroy() { System.out.println("Applet Destroyed"); }
}

2. Scope of the Variable


Scope defines where a variable can be used.

- Local Scope: Declared inside methods.


- Instance Scope: Declared in a class but outside methods.
- Static Scope: Declared with static, shared across all instances.

class Example {
int instanceVar = 5; // Instance scope
static int staticVar = 10; // Static scope

public void method() {


int localVar = 15; // Local scope
System.out.println(localVar);
}
}
3. Java Program Structure
A Java program follows this structure:

1. Package declaration: Optional, helps organise classes.


2. Import statements: For importing built-in or custom packages.
3. Class declaration: The main logic resides inside classes.
4. Main method: Entry point of the program.

package mypackage;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class MyProgram {


public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}

4. Packages
Packages in Java are used to group related classes. They help in
organising code and avoiding name conflicts.

package mypackage; // Declare package

public class MyClass {


public void display() { System.out.println("In MyClass"); }
}

// Use in another file


import mypackage.MyClass; // Import package

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass obj = new MyClass();
obj.display(); // Output: In MyClass
}
}
5. Constructor
A constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created. It
is used to initialise objects.

class Car {
String model;

public Car(String model) { // Constructor


this.model = model;
}
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Car myCar = new Car("Honda");
System.out.println(myCar.model); // Output: Honda
}
}

6. StringBuffer Methods
StringBuffer is used for mutable strings (strings that can change). Key
methods are:

- append(): Adds text to the buffer.


- insert(): Inserts text at a specific position.
- reverse(): Reverses the content.

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");
sb.append(" World"); // Output: "Hello World"
sb.insert(5, ","); // Output: "Hello, World"
sb.reverse(); // Output: "dlroW ,olleH"
System.out.println(sb);
}
}
7. Exception Handling
Java provides a way to handle runtime errors using try-catch blocks. This
prevents the program from crashing.

- try: Block where the error might occur.


- catch: Block to handle the error.
- finally: Block that always executes, even if an error occurs.

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int result = 10 / 0; // Will cause ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero!");
} finally {
System.out.println("This always runs.");
}
}
}

8. Random Access Files


RandomAccessFile allows you to read and write to any position in a file.

import java.io.*;

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("data.txt", "rw");
file.writeUTF("Hello"); // Write to file
file.seek(0); // Move to the start of the file
System.out.println(file.readUTF()); // Output: Hello
file.close();
}
}
9. Tokens
Tokens are the smallest units in a Java program, like keywords, identifiers,
literals, operators, and separators. For example:

int number = 10;

- `int`: Keyword
- `number`: Identifier
- `=`, `+`, `-`: Operators
- `10`: Literal

10. Streams in Java


Streams are used to handle input/output operations in Java.

- InputStream: For reading data.


- OutputStream: For writing data.

import java.io.*;

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream("input.txt");
int data;
while((data = input.read()) != -1) {
System.out.print((char) data); // Reads file content
}
input.close();
}
}

11. Life Cycle of a Thread


A thread in Java has five states:

1. New: Thread created but not started.


2. Runnable: Ready to run.
3. Blocked: Waiting for resources.
4. Waiting: Waiting for another thread’s action.
5. Terminated: Finished execution.

class MyThread extends Thread {


public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running.");
}
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
thread.start(); // Start the thread
}
}

12. Decision Making and Looping

- Decision Making:
Using `if-else` and `switch`.
- Looping:
Using `for`, `while`, and `do-while` loops.

int age = 18;

// Decision making
if (age >= 18) {
System.out.println("You are an adult");
} else {
System.out.println("You are a minor");
}

// Looping
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i); // Output: 0 to 4
}

13. Method Overloading and Overriding


- Overloading:
Methods with the same name but different parameters.

- Overriding:
Subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already
defined in its parent class.
Method Overloading Example:
class Calculator {
public int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

public int add(int a, int b, int c) {


return a + b + c;
}
}

Method Overriding Example:

class Animal {
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {


@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

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