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    HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE

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    sanjanaudaya2009

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    HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE

    Uploaded by

    sanjanaudaya2009
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    2 views3 pages

    HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE

    Uploaded by

    sanjanaudaya2009

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE

    Reasons for Reproduction


    • Organisms reproduce primarily to ensure the survival of their species and
    to introduce genetic variations to their populationss.

    • Genetic variations are crucial for adaptation to changing environments, as


    seen in bacteria that developed heat-resistance traits in response to global
    warmings.

    Types of Reproduction
    Asexual Reproduction:

    • Asexual reproduction occurs without the fusion of gametes, involving only


    one parents.

    • It can be observed in both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

    Unicellular Asexual Reproduction

    • Binary Fission: One organism splits into two daughter organisms, as seen in
    amoeba and bacterias.

    • Multiple Fission: An organism divides into many new organisms, as


    demonstrated by plasmodiums.

    • Budding: Yeast reproduces by forming buds that separate to become new


    individualss.

    Multicellular Asexual Reproduction

    • Fragmentation: Organisms like Spirogyra break into fragments, each


    capable of growing into a new organisms.
    • Regeneration: Certain multicellular animals can reproduce from their cut
    body parts, as seen in planaria and Hydras.

    • Vegetative Propagation: Plants can reproduce through stems, roots, or


    leaves, enabling faster growth and genetic similarity to the parentss.

    Sexual Reproduction:

    • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametess.

    • Flowers serve as the reproductive parts of plants and can be bisexual


    (having both male and female parts) or unisexual (only male or female
    parts)s.

    • Pollination is necessary for fertilization, involving the transfer of pollen


    grains to the sticky stigma of the pistils.

    Human Reproduction and Puberty


    • Human reproduction is a sexual process requiring the production of male
    and female gametess.

    • Puberty marks the maturation of the reproductive organs in boys and girls,
    starting between ages 8-14s.

    • During puberty, physical changes occur: hair growth, skin changes, and
    development of secondary sexual characteristicss.

    Male Reproductive System

    • Functions include production of sperm, secretion of testosterone, and


    deposition of sperm in the female systems.

    • Sperms are produced in the testes, which are located outside the body for
    optimal sperm production temperatures.

    Female Reproductive System


    • Performs functions such as producing eggs, secreting hormones, providing
    conditions for embryo development, and menstruations.

    • Ovaries release eggs, and fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, with the
    embryo developing in the uteruss.

    Reproductive Health
    • Obliterating misconceptions about premature sexual activity is crucial;
    individuals should wait until they are fully matureds.

    • Safe sexual practices, including using contraceptives and maintaining trust


    in partners, help prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted
    pregnanciess.

    • Various contraceptive methods, like condoms and surgical sterilization, can


    assist in family planning and prevent health complicationsss.

    • The government has taken steps to prevent sex-selective abortion and


    protect the girl child by banning prenatal sex determinationss.

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