UNIT IV

(22215) – ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT IV: TRANSFORMER

Q.1. DEFINE TRANSFORMER.
A.
A transformer is a static piece of apparatus by means of which an electrical power is transformed from one alternating
current circuit to another with the desired changes in current and voltage, without any changes in the frequency.
Q.2. STATE APPLICATIONS OF TRANSFORMER.

A.
The applications of a transformer are as follows:
1.It is used to step up the voltages for transmission and other purposes.
2.It is used to step down the voltages for distribution purposes.
3.It is used as an isolation transformer to provide electrical isolation between two circuits.
4.It is used for impedance matching.
Q.3. EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER.

A.
The transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. The principle of mutual induction states that when two coils
are inductively coupled and there is a change in current in one of the coils then there is an induced electro motive force
in another coil. This electro motive force drives the current when a closed path is provided to it.
Q.4. STATE THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE TRANSFORMER.

A.
The various parts of a transformer are:
1.Core
2.Limb
3.Yoke
4.Windings
5.Conservator
6.Breather
7.Explosion vent
8.Buchholz relay
Q.5. EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS TRANSFORMER RATIOS.

A.
The transformer ratios are as follows:
1.Transformation ratio:
The ratio of secondary number of turns to primary number of turns is called transformation ratio of a transformer. It is
denoted by K.
2.Voltage ratio:
The induced electro motive force in the two windings is proportional to the number of turns. Hence, the voltage ratio is
same as the transformation ratio.
3.Current ratio:
For an ideal transformer, there are no losses. Hence in the current ratio, the product of primary voltage and primary
current is same as the product of secondary voltage and secondary current.
Q.6. GIVE CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMERS.

A.
The transformers can be classified mainly into three types based on:
1.Core construction:
Based on core construction the transformers can be classified into three types:
1.Core type transformers
2.Shell type transformers
3.Berry type transformers
2.Frequency:
Based on frequency the transformers can be classified into three types:
1.Power frequency transformers
2.Audio frequency transformers
3.Radio frequency transformers
3.Power:
Based on power the transformers can be classified into two types:
1.Distribution transformers
2.Power transformers
Q.7. GIVE COMPARISON BETWEEN CORE & SHELL TYPE TRANSFORMERS.
A.
SR. CORE TYPE TRANSFORMERS SHELL TYPE TRANSFORMERS
NO.
1 The windings encircle the core. The core encircles most part of the windings.
2 Cylindrical type coils are used. Multilayer disc or sandwich type of coils are used.
3 As windings are distributed, natural cooling is more As windings are surrounded by the core, natural
effective. cooling does not exist.
4 Its construction is preferred for low voltage Its construction is preferred for high voltage
transformers. transformers.
5 It has a single magnetic circuit. It has double magnetic circuits.
6 In a single-phase supply, the core has two limbs. In a single-phase supply, the core has three limbs.
Q.8. EXPLAIN AUTO TRANSFORMER.

A.
An autotransformer is a special type of transformer, such that a part of the winding is common to both primary and
secondary. With the help of an autotransformer, the voltages can be stepped up and down to any desired value.
Q.9. GIVE ADVANTAGES OF AUTO TRANSFORMER.

A.
The advantages of an autotransformer are as follows:
1.Copper required is very less.
2.Its efficiency is higher compared to two winding transformer.
3.Its size and cost are less compared to two winding transformer.
4.Its resistance and leakage reactance are less compared to two winding transformer.
5.Due to less resistance and leakage reactance, its voltage regulation is superior compared to two winding transformer.
Q.10. GIVE LIMITATIONS OF AUTO TRANSFORMER.

A.
The limitations of an autotransformer are as follows:
1.As it has low impedance, there is high short circuit current for a short circuit on the secondary side.
2.If a section common to both primary and secondary winding remains open, and if a full primary voltage appears across
the secondary voltage, it results in higher voltages on the secondary side, and can lead to danger accidents.
3.There should be no electrical separation between the primary and secondary windings, as it is risky in case of high
voltages.
Q.11. GIVE APPLICATIONS OF AUTO TRANSFORMER.

A.
The applications of an autotransformer are as follows:
1.It is used for interconnecting systems which are operating roughly at same voltage.
2.It is used for starting the rotating machines.
3.It is used to give a small boost to the distribution cable.
4.It is used as a furnace transformer for getting the required supply voltage.
Q.12. GIVE COMPARISON BETWEEN AUTO TRANSFORMER & TWO WINDING TRANSFORMER.
A.
SR. AUTOTRANSFORMER TWO-WINDING TRANSFORMER
NO.
1 It has only one winding and primary and secondary It has two separate windings as primary and
are the parts of the winding. secondary.
2 Copper required is less. Copper required is more.
3 Resistance and leakage reactance is low. Resistance and leakage reactance is high.
4 Voltage regulation is superior. Voltage regulation is more.
5 Efficiency is high. Efficiency is low.
6 Size and cost is low. Size and cost is high.

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(22215) – ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT IV: TRANSFORMER

Q.2. STATE APPLICATIONS OF TRANSFORMER.

Q.3. EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER.

Q.4. STATE THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE TRANSFORMER.

Q.5. EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS TRANSFORMER RATIOS.

Q.6. GIVE CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMERS.

Q.8. EXPLAIN AUTO TRANSFORMER.

Q.9. GIVE ADVANTAGES OF AUTO TRANSFORMER.

Q.10. GIVE LIMITATIONS OF AUTO TRANSFORMER.

Q.11. GIVE APPLICATIONS OF AUTO TRANSFORMER.

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