REPORTED SPEECH o ESTILO INDIRECTO

Alguien le cuenta a una persona lo que otra persona ha dicho:

Estilo Directo: “Tengo dos hermanos y una hermana”, dijo

él Estilo Indirecto: Él dijo que él tenía dos hermanos y una
hermana

Direct Speech: “I have two brothers and one sister”, he said

Reported Speech: He said that he had two brothers and one
sister

Hay una serie de cambios, unos siguen unas normas y otros no:

1. VERBOS

ESTILO DIRECTO ESTILO INDIRECTO

Present Simple Past Simple
Past Simple Past Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Future con WILL Conditional WOULD
Future Perfect (WILL HAVE + WOULD HAVE + P.
participle) Participle
Conditional Conditional

VERBOS MODALES

ESTILO DIRECTO ESTILO INDIRECTO

CAN COULD
COULD COULD
MAY MIGHT
MIGHT MIGHT
SHOULD SHOULD
MUST HAD TO

REPORTED
SPEECH 1
2. ADVERBIOS DE TIEMPO

Today  That day

Yesterday  the day before
Tomorrow  the next day/the following
day Next week/year …  the following week / year …
Last week/ year …  the previous week / year …
A week / year ago  the previous week /
year Now  then

3. ADVERBIO DE LUGAR Y DEMOSTRATIVOS

Here  there
This  that
These  those

4. PRONOMBRES PERSONALES Y ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

Estilo Directo: “Yo vivo en esta calle”, dijo

Mary Estilo Indirecto: Mary dijo que ella vivía en
esa calle”

Estilo Directo: “Esa era mi antigua casa” dijo

John Estilo Indirecto: John dijo que esa era su antigua
casa

REPORTING VERBS
Estos verbos introducen el estilo indirecto y siempre se conjugan en pasado simple.

Direct Speech: “I have two brothers and one sister” he said

reporting verb
Direct Speech: “Where does he live?” he asked
reporting verb

REPORTED
SPEECH 2
Direct Speech: “Let’s go out” she suggested
reporting verb

Los Reporting Verbs cambian en función de si “decimos” (said), “preguntamos”

(asked), “ordenamos” (told), “sugerimos” (suggested), etc.

 SAID (dijo) Utilizados en las oraciones enunciativas

afirmativas y negativas
Direct Speech: “I have just heard the news!”, Tom said
Reported Speech: Tom said (that) he had just heard the news

 SUGGESTED (sugirió)Utilizado para las sugerencias

Direct Speech: “You should study harder” I said to

him Reported Speech: I suggested him studying

 TOLD / ORDERED (ordenó) Utilizado para las oraciones

exhortativas (Commands  Imperativos)
- Estos verbos necesitan SIEMPRE un Complemento Indirecto
porque siempre le damos una orden a alguien

Direct Speech: “Be quiet”, the teacher said to him

Reported Speech: The teacher TOLD/ORDERED him to be quiet

- Si la frase de estilo directo no lleva un Complemento Indirecto,

nos los inventamos:

Direct Speech: “Move back”, the policeman said

Reported Speech: The policeman TOLD me/us/the people to move
back

- Si el imperativo está en negativo, ponemos el infinitivo en negativo también:

NOT TO
V
Direct Speech: “Don’t talk” the teacher said
Reported Speech: The teacher TOLD the students NOT TO SPEAK

Veamos como pasamos las oraciones al Reported Speech.

REPORTED
SPEECH 3
1. STATEMENTS u ORACIONES ENUNCIATIVAS

El Reporting Verb se utiliza siempre en Past Simple. El verbo más frecuente es

SAID,
aunque también podemos utilizar otros:

ADMITTED, ANNOUNCED, EXPLAINED, COMPLAINED…

De momento, nos conformamos con SAID

Con estos verbos la conjunción THAT es opcional:

Direct Speech: “I took the last piece of cake” Harry said
Reported Speech: Harry said (that) he (Harry) had taken the last
piece of cake

Direct Speech: “I won’t lend you my motorbike” Rick said to

me Reported Speech: Rick said to me (that) he (Rick) wouldn’t
lend me his
motorbike

Veamos los cambios:

- Verbos: took  had taken ; won’t lend  wouldn’t lend
- Pronombre personal: I  he
- Posesivo: my  his
- Prompmbre objeto: you  me

2. QUESTIONS u ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS

El Reporting Verb más frecuente es: ASKED, aunque también podemos utilizar

ENQUIRED, WANTED TO KNOW…

De momento, nos conformamos con ASKED

Hay dos tipos de oraciones interrogativas:

- las que llevan un pronombre interrogativo: What, When, Where, Why,
etc.
- las preguntas de SI o

NO. Aquí tenéis que utilizar la

LÓGICA

REPORTED
SPEECH 4
 Preguntas con PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS:
o La conjunción THAT no se puede poner
o Aunque el reporting verb de la oración de estilo directo
sea SAID, hay que cambiarlo por ASKED…

Estilo Directo: ¿Qué tienes en tu bolsa? Él me dijo

Estilo Indirecto: Él me preguntó que qué tenía en mi
bolsa
Direct Speech: “What have you got in your bag?” He said
to me Reported Speech: He asked me that what I had got
in my bag

Estilo Directo: “¿Dónde vives? dije a John

Estilo Indirecto: Pregunté a John que dónde vivía
él Direct Speech: “Where do you live?” I said to
John Reported Speech: I asked John that where
he lived

Veamos los cambios:

- Reporting verb: said  asked
- Pronombre personal: you  I; you  he
- Posesivo: your  my

 Pregunta de SI o NO:
o Hay que añadir IF para que tenga sentido la oración

Estilo Directo: “¿Conoces a Bill? Él me

preguntó Estilo Indirecto: Él me pregunto
SI yo conocía a Bill Direct Speech:“Do you know
Bill?” he said to me Reported Speech: He asked
me that IF I knew Bill

Estilo Directo: ¿Puedes nadar? Él preguntó a Mary

Estilo Indirecto: Él preguntó a Mary si ella podía
nadar Direct Speech: “Can you
swim?” He said to Mary Reported Speech: He asked
Mary that IF she could swim

Veamos los cambios:

- Reporting verb: said  asked
- Pronombre personal: you  I; you  she

REPORTED
SPEECH 5
3. ORDERS/COMMANDS u ORACIONES EXHORTATIVAS
(IMPERATIVOS)

El Reporting Verb más frecuente es TOLD

 Como ya hemos visto al principio de la explicación, estas

oraciones necesitan SIEMPRE un Complemento Indirecto y si no lo
hay, me lo invento porque es obligatorio
 También necesitan un infinitivo: TO + verbo (en oración
afirmativa) o NOT TO + verbo(en oración negativa)

Estilo Directo: “Vete” dijo ella

Estilo Indirecto: Ella me dijo/ordenó que me
fuera Direct Speech: “Go away”, she
said to me Reported Speech: She told me
TO GO away
CI V inf

Estilo Directo: “No te comas todos los caramelos” dijo ella

Estilo Indirecto: Ella me dijo/ordenó que no me comiese todos los
caramelos Direct Speech: “Don’t eat all the sweets!” she told
Reported Speech: She told MENOT TO EAT all the sweets
CI V inf
inventado
Veamos los cambios:
- Reporting verb: said  told
- Verbo: go  to go ; don’t eat  not to eat
- C.I: me (inventado, podía haber sido otro)

4. SUGGESTIONS o SUGERENCIAS
El Reporting Verb es SUGGESTED

Ejemplos para reconocer cuáles son las sugerencias en inglés:

“Why don’t we go to the cinema tonight?”
he said “How about going to the cinema
tonight?” he said “Let’s go to the cinema
tonight” he said

REPORTED
SPEECH 6
Hay dos formas de poner las sugerencias en el estilo indirecto, podéis coger la
que queráis aunque hay una que es más fácil que la otra:

 Poniendo el verbo en Gerundio (fácil)

Direct Speech: “Why don’t we go to the cinema?” he said
Reported Speech: He suggested GOING to the cinema

Direct Speech: “Let’s visit grandma” mum said

Reported Speech: Mum suggested VISITING grandma

 Poniendo los modales COULD (menos fácil)

Direct Speech: “Why don’t we watch a film?” John said
Reported Speech: John suggested WE COULD watch a film

REPORTED
SPEECH 7
 EJERCICIOS DE REPORTED SPEECH

Put these STATEMENTS in REPORTED SPEECH

1. “Jack must finish his work next week,” the teacher said.
2. “The chimpanzee eats fruit,” she said.
3. “It will rain tomorrow,” he said.
4. “Lisa isn’t wearing trainers today,” the coach said.
5. “I must try harder next week,” he said.
6. “I am watching TV now,” Bob said.
7. “We can take a bus tomorrow,” Sue said.
8. “We won’t leave on time today,” he said.
9. “I often read magazines,” she said.
10. “We must leave now,” Sue said.

Put these QUESTIONS in REPORTED SPEECH

1. "Do you want to dance?" Christopher said
2. "When did you come?" Betty said
3. "Has John arrived?" Marked said to me
4. “Where does Maria park her car?” Ronald asked me
5. "Did you watch the latest film?" Elizabeth said to John
6. "Can I help you?" Mandy said to the customer
7. "Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?" Andrew asked her mother
8. “What are you doing?” Justin said to me
9. "How much pocket money does Lisa get?" Frank said
10. "Can I do the shopping?" he asked his friend

Put these sentences COMMANDS in REPORTED SPEECH

1. "Clean the blue bike!", Dad said to Paul
2. "Don't forget your homework!" The teacher said
3. "Write a text message!" His wife said to him
4. "Don't talk to your neighbour!" he said
5. "Help Peter's sister!" I said to them
6. "Don't play football in the garden!" the old man said
7. "Don't shout at Peter!" Mum said
8. "Wash your hands!" she said to the child
9. "Open the window!" I said
10. "Don't open the door!" the thief said

REPORTED
SPEECH 8
Put these sentences SUGGESTIONS in REPORTED SPEECH
1. “Why don’t you get a car mechanic to look at the car?” I said
2. “Why don’t you visit grandma? My mum said to me
3. “Let’s play Monopoly” said my brother
4. “How about staying at home tonight?” I said
5. “Why don’t we sleep overnight at that lovely hotel?” said she

SOLUCIONES

STATEMENTS
1. The teacher said (that) Jack had to finish his work the
following week/the week after
2. She said (that) the chimpanzee ate fruit
3. He said (that) it would rain the following day/the day after
4. The coach said (that) Lisa wasn’t wearing trainers that day
5. He said (that) he had to try harder the following week/the week after
6. Bob said (that) he was watching TV then
7. Su said (that) they could take a bus the following day/the day after
8. He said they (that) wouldn’t leave on time that day
9. She said (that) she often read magazines
10. Sue said (that) they had to leave then

QUESTIONS
1. Christopher asked me if I wanted to dance
2. Betty asked when I/we had come
3. Mark asked me if John had arrived
4. Ronald asked me where Maria parked her car
5. Elizabeth asked John if he had watched the latest film
6. Mandy asked the customer if she could help him/her
7. Andrew asked her mother if Mandy would have lunch with Sue
8. Justin asked me what I was doing
9. Frank asked how much pocket money Linda got
10. He asked his friend if he could do the shopping

COMMANDS
1. Dad told Paul to clean the blue bike
2. The teacher told the students not to forget their homework

REPORTED
SPEECH 9
 3. His wife told him to write a text message
4. He told me not to talk to my neighbour
5. I told them to help Peter’s sister
6. The old man told the boys not to play in the garden
7. Mum told me not to shout at Peter
8. She told the child to wash his/her hands
9. I told them to open the window
10. The thief told the man not to open the door
En azul, los Complementos Indirectos inventados por mí. Recordad que son
obligatorios y que si nos los hay, me los tengo que inventar

SUGGESTIONS
1. I suggested getting a car mechanic
I suggested we could get a car mechanic
2. Mum suggested visiting grandma
Mum suggested we could visit grandma
3. My brother suggested playing Monopoly
My brother suggested we could play Monopoly
4. I suggested staying at home that night
I suggested we could stay at home that night
5. She suggested sleeping overnight at that lovely
hotel She suggested they could sleep at that
lovely hotel

REPORTED
SPEECH 10