Indirect Speech

DIRECT AND REPOTED
SPEECH
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
CHARACTERISTICS:
 It is original quotation of a talk

 It is always placed between two quotation
marks
 It is always preceded by Capital letter
 Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before
direct speech when the introductory verb
position is in the front
 Comma (,) are placed after direct speech

when the introductory verb position is
placed after or between the direct speech
 The use of punctuation like
exclamation mark (!), question mark
(?) that point type of sentence of
direct speech do not change
Eg.
- ‘Where do you live?’ she asked
- My mother says to my sister: ‘Wash your
hands!’
- She yelled at me: ‘Don’t have the door
open!’
REPORTED SPEECH
 It is a kind of report sentence
(reported speech)
 It retells one’s talk or idea
 It undergoes certain modification
 It has three types of reported
speech
1. Imperative (Command/request)
2. Declarative (Statement)
3. Interrogative (question
1. Imperative (Command/request)
– The reported is a command

– Because of a command so that it
does not know subject
– The verb in direct imperative does
not change
- Imperative has contain verb 1
like go, sleep, open etc so in the
indirect speech is preceded by
to infinitive) namely to go, to
sleep, to open
 It also has non verb, so the
reported command is preceded by
‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ like: be
quiet, be happy, be here so in the
Indirect Speech it becomes to be
quiet, to be happy, to be here
POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
She told me to go away
She said, “Go away!” She ordered her to go away
“Come here!” she She asked him to come there

said. She commended them to come there
I begged us to be quite
I said, “Be quite!” I suggested the children to be quite
‘Be quiet!’ she yelled at She ordered the children to
the children be quiet
She begged, “Be She warned to be happy
happy!”
‘Please help me!’ she She asked him to help
told him her
NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:
She said, “Don’t go She told me not to go away
away!” She ordered her not to go away
She asked him not to come there
“Don’t Come here!” she She commended them not to come there
said
I begged us not to be noisy
I said, “Don’t Be I suggested the children not to be noisy
noisy!”
She begged, “Don’t be She warned us not to be lazy
lazy!”
‘Don’t be lazy!’ she said She advised Laila not to
to Laila be lazy
‘Don’t worry about it!’ She told him not to
She said to him worry about it
Declarative (Statement)
A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED
SPEECH
I He/She
You me/he/she/them/I/him/her
My his/her
Our their/our
Your My/his/her
B. Adverb of time and Place
 now then
 today that day
 tomorrow the next day
the day after
the following day
a day later

 next the … after
 the following …
B. Adverb of time and Place
 last … the … before
the previous …
the preceding …
 … ago … before
 … earlier
 yesterday the day before
the previous day
the preceeding day
 the day before yesterday two days before
 here there
 this that
 these those
C. Tenses
 Present Simple Past Simple
 Present Continuous Past Continuous
 Present Perfect Past Perfect
 Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
C. Tenses
 Future Simple Past Future
 Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
 Future Perfect Past Future Perfect
 Future Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect
Continuous
C. Tenses
 Past Simple Past Perfect
 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
 Past Perfect Past Perfect
Let’s see the following changes
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
 Verb 1 Verb 2
 Verb 2 Had + Verb 3
 Is was
 Am was
 Are were
 Have had
 Has had
 Do did
 Does did
 Was/were had been
 Did had + verb 3
 Can could
 May might
 Must had to
 Shallshould
 Will would
 Ought to + verb 1 ought to + have + verb 3 /
been
 Could + verb 1 could + have + verb 3 / been
 Might + verb 1 might + have + verb 3 / been
 Should + verb 1 should + have + verb3 /
been
 Would + verb 1 would + have + verb 3 /
been
Examples:
 Andi: ‘I will go now.’ Andi said that he

would go then
 Rani: ‘They love me.’ Rani told me they loved
her
 ‘I’ve been writing’, Dina Dina answered that
she answered had been writing
Mother: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Mother told that

she had been
sick the day before
3. Interrogative (question)
a. Preceded by Auxiliary
 When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
needs yes/No answer it will be used the
conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
 The steps how to make indirect speech:
– The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly
changed to be statement
– It then follows the rules before
Example
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT
SPEECH
Doctor: ‘Do you usually take a nap?’
 It is firstly changed to be:
You usually take a nap Doctor asks
if/whether I
usually
take a nap
Example
DIRECT SPEECH
Mary: ‘Are you a student?’
– It is firstly changed to be:
You are a student
INDIRECT SPEECH
– Ratu asked if/whether I was a
student
Example
DIRECT SPEECH
John: ‘May I borrow your car?’
 Preceded by Question Word (QW)
– It is firstly changed to be:
I may borrow your car
INDIRECT SPEECH
– John asked if he might borrow my
– John asked whether he might borrow my
a. Preceded by Question Words
 In the question using Question

Word (QW)
– To form indirect speech the question
is firstly changed to be statement
– QW: what, when, where, which, why,
who, whom, etc. are used as
conjunction
Example
 DIRECT SPEECH
– Andi: ‘How do you spell your name?’
- It is firstly changed to be:
You spell your name
 INDIRECT SPEECH
Andi asked how I spelt my name
Example
DIRECT SPEECH
– Sophia: Where can you keep your money
safely?’
It is firstly changed to be:
You can keep your money safely
INDIRECT SPEECH
- Sophia asked me where I could keep my
money safely.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH

Indirect Speech

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Indirect Speech

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DIRECT AND REPOTED

 It is original quotation of a talk

 Comma (,) are placed after direct speech

– The reported is a command

“Come here!” she She asked him to come there

 Andi: ‘I will go now.’ Andi said that he

Mother: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Mother told that

 In the question using Question

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