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    Before 2000 BCEf

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    Daiana Joy Espiritu
    2000 BCE BEFORE

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Before 2000 BCEf

    Uploaded by

    Daiana Joy Espiritu
    2 views1 page
    2000 BCE BEFORE

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    2000 BCE BEFORE

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views1 page

    Before 2000 BCEf

    Uploaded by

    Daiana Joy Espiritu
    2000 BCE BEFORE

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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     Before 2000 BCE: The Indus Valley Civilization

    - Historically, the foundations of Hinduism may have originated from the customs of the early people of the
    Indus valley around 2500 B.C.E. to 1500 B.C.E., in the more advanced culture of the Dravidians, and
    from the Aryans who invaded northwest India around 1500 B.C.E.
     1500–500 BCE: The Vedic Period
    - Aryan conquerors moved to the Indus Valley and brought with them their own set of beliefs that eventually
    mingled with the religion of the natives.
    - Classical Hinduism resulted in the amalgamation of their faiths.
    - Aryans brought with them their set of beliefs based on oral texts known as Vedas. This Vedic literature,
    however, was chiefly composed at the time the Aryans had already settled in India and blended with the
    natives.
     500 CE–1500 CE: Medieval Period
    - This period saw the development of the great regional temples such as Jagganatha in Puri in Orissa, the
    Shiva temple in Cidambaram in Tamilnadu, and the Shiva temple in Tanjavur, also in Tamilnadu. All of
    these temples had a major deity installed there and were centers of religious and political power.
    - Also poet-saints recorded their devotional sentiments
     1500–1757 CE: Pre-Modern Period
    - Alongside the development of Hindu traditions, most widespread in the South, was the rise of Islam in the
    North as a religious and political force in India.
    - Muslim political power began with the Turkish Sultanate around 1200 CE and culminated in the Mughal
    Empire (from 1526).
    - Akbar (1542–1605) was a liberal emperor and allowed Hindus to practice freely. However, his great
    grandson, Aurangzeb (1618–1707), destroyed many temples and restricted Hindu practice.
    - The Sant tradition combines elements of bhakti, meditation or yoga, and Islamic mysticism.
     1757–1947 CE: British Period
    - Robert Clive's victory at the Battle of Plassey (1757) heralded the end of the Mughal Empire and the rise
    of British supremacy in India.
    - At first, the British did not interfere with the religion and culture of the Indian people, allowing Hindus to
    practice their religion unimpeded. Shortly after, the first scholars stepped ashore, and though initially
    sympathetic, were often motivated by a desire to westernize the local population.
    - This period also saw the development of the 'Hindu Renaissance' with reformers such as Ram Mohan
    Roy (1772–1833) presenting Hinduism as a rational, ethical religion and founding the Brahmo Samaj to
    promote these ideas.
    - The idea of Paramhansa Ramakrishna and his disciple about Hindu Renaissance were developed
    by Gandhi (1869–1948), who was instrumental in establishing an independent India. He helped negotiate
    independence, but was bitterly disappointed by the partition of his country. He was assassinated in 1948.
    - Gandhi drew much of his strength and conviction from the Hindu teachings, such as the notion
    of ahimsa (non-violence), and propounded a patriotism that was broad-minded and magnanimous.
    - Reformers wished to rid Hinduism of what they regarded as superstition. These groups were instrumental
    in sowing the seeds of Indian nationalism and Hindu missionary movements that later journeyed to the
    West.

     1947 CE–the present: Independent India


    - The partition of India in 1947, and the resultant bloodshed reinforced nationalistic tendencies and
    specifically notions of India as 'a Hindu country', and of Hinduism as 'an Indian religion'.
    - At the end of the millennium, the Hindu communities became well established abroad, excelling socially,
    economically and academically. They built many magnificent temples, such has the Swaminarayan
    Temple in London.

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