sudhir wind

PROF.
PRADIPTA PANJA
ACADEMIC SEASSON – 2021-22

 Definition- A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic
energy into electrical energy. Hundreds of thousands of large turbines, in
installations known as wind farms, now generate over 650 gigawatts of
power, with 60 GW added each year.
 Summary- The majority of wind turbines consist of three blades mounted

to a tower made from tubular steel. There are less common varieties with
two blades, or with concrete or steel lattice towers. At 100 feet or more
above the ground, the tower allows the turbine to take advantage of faster
wind speeds found at higher altitudes.
Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades, which act
much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air
forms on one side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the
blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force of the lift
is much stronger than the wind's force against the front side of the blade,
which is called drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin
like a propeller.
A series of gears increase the rotation of the rotor from about 18 revolutions a
minute to roughly 1,800 revolutions per minute -- a speed that allows the
turbine’s generator to produce AC electricity.
A streamlined enclosure called a nacelle houses key turbine components --

usually including the gears, rotor and generator -- are found within a housing
called the nacelle. Sitting atop the turbine tower, some nacelles are large
enough for a helicopter to land on.
Another key component is the turbine’s controller, that keeps the rotor speeds
from exceeding 55 mph to avoid damage by high winds. An anemometer
continuously measures wind speed and transmits the data to the controller. A
brake, also housed in the nacelle, stops the rotor mechanically, electrically or
hydraulically in emergencies. Explore the interactive graphic above to learn
more about the mechanics of wind turbines.
 Materials-
1. Motor-3 pic-12rs.
2. LED Light-1 pic-2rs.
3. Wires-5rs.
4. Plywood-1 pic-100rs.
5. Grass Carpet-1 pic-80rs.
6. Pitch board-1 pic-10rs.
7. Marbel Papers-10rs.
8. Glue-10rs.
9. Fan-3 pic-5rs.
 Action Plan-
1) We are going to make the rotor first. To do that, cut 4 circle cardboard pieces of
about 3cm each. Glue all of them and stick them together. You need to make a
thick circle with all four pieces. So, each piece needs to stick with another on the
top.
2) Then, glue on the side of that large circle cardboard piece and wrap with a thin
paper. Make sure to cut the paper according to the diameter of the circle.
It’s time to make the blades. Take the cardboard and cut 4 small pieces from it. The
dimension for all four pieces is 8cm X 2.5cm.
These four pieces will be glued on the circle cardboard piece. So, you need to make
one end of these pieces round shape so that they perfectly fit the circle
shaped rotor.
Now, slightly bend all four pieces from the middle and make them slightly round
shaped like the blades of original turbines. Glue all of them to the rotor and leave
it to dry.
3) Now, let’s make the tower. Take a thin portion of the cardboard paper of 30cm x
12cm. Use a pen or a round stick and wrap the paper around it. Glue the end of the
paper and pull the pen out.
4) Take the DC motor that you collected before. You need to wrap the motor with 2
pieces of cardboard. The first piece for placing the motor on, and the second one
to wrap the motor from its top. Make sure the pointy part of the motor stays
completely outside of the cardboard pieces.
Now, take the rotor with four blades and make a small hole in the middle. The
pointy part of the motor needs to be mounted to this hole.
5) Connect the negative and positive wires to the motor using a hot gun. Be sure to
leave the wires long enough to connect a LED light on the other ends.
Now, glue the bottom part of the cardboard piece that is holding the motor and
attach the tower to it. Leave it for 15 minutes to dry.
6) When the tower is properly glued to the upper part of the turbine, then take
initiatives for the base. Make a square piece from the cardboard with having a hole
big enough to attach the tower’s bottom to it. Apply glue around the bottom of
the tower and attach it to the base that you have just prepared.
7) You are done with the wind turbine. Now, you need to make a house with
cardboard that will have the LED light inside. The dimensions of the house are up
to you.
Make 4 pieces of cardboard to make the walls of the house. Cut 3 windows on 3
pieces and only 1 door on the wider one which will be on the front side of the
house. The last piece will have not cuttings for window and door whatsoever, and
it will be on the back wall of the house.
Glue all 4 pieces and attach them to each other to make walls for the house. Now,
cut another piece of cardboard for the roof but don’t glue it to the walls right now.
8) Take the LED light and connect the wires properly. Stick the light close to the front
window of the house with a piece of tape. Now, glue the top of the four walls to
attach the roof on them. You can either make the roof with a flat cardboard piece
or make the roof as a triangle shape with 2 pieces of cardboard.
9) Now, take a plywood board and properly glue the tower base holding the entire
turbine. Glue the house to the plywood as well. Connect the wires of both motor
and LED light with each other.
10) And finally, place a table fan while maintaining a safe distance from the turbine.
Turn the fan on, the wind will make the blades rotate. The LED light will turn on
when there will be enough wind to power it.
 Circuit Diagram-

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PROF.

ACADEMIC SEASSON – 2021-22

 Summary- The majority of wind turbines consist of three blades mounted

A streamlined enclosure called a nacelle houses key turbine components --

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