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    LIGHT gr10

    Uploaded by

    Hiba Yusuf

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LIGHT gr10

    Uploaded by

    Hiba Yusuf
    6 views10 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    6 views10 pages

    LIGHT gr10

    Uploaded by

    Hiba Yusuf

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    LIGHT - REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

    1. Reflection of Light
     Reflection: It is the phenomenon of bouncing back of light rays when
    it strikes an opaque surface.
     Laws of Reflection:
    I. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
    II. The angle of incidence, angle of reflection,
    and normal, all lie on the same plane.
     Image formed by plane mirror.
    I. Virtual and erect
    II. Size of image = Size of object
    III. Image distance = Object distance
    IV. Laterally inverted.

    2. Spherical Mirrors
     Concave Mirror: curved inwards
     Convex Mirror: curved outwards

     Important Terms for Spherical Mirrors:


    I. Pole (P): The midpoint of a spherical mirror.
    II. Centre of curvature (C): The centre of the sphere that the
    spherical mirror was a part of.
    III. The radius of curvature (r): The distance between the center of
    curvature and the spherical mirror.
    IV. Principal Axis(PA): The line passing through the pole and the
    center of curvature is the main or principal axis.
    V. Focus (F): All rays parallel to the principal axis converge at a
    point between the pole and the center of curvature. This point is
    called the focal point or focus.
    VI. Focal length(f): Distance between P & F
    (Note: f=R/2 and R=2f)
    3. Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors

    4. Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors


    I. RULE 1: A ray parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, will
    pass through the principal focus in case of a concave mirror or
    appear to diverge from the principal focus in case of a convex
    mirror.

    II. RULE 2: A ray passing through the principal focus of a spherical


    mirror, after reflection, will emerge parallel to the principal axis.
    (opposite of RULE 1)
    III. RULE 3: A ray passing through the center of curvature of a
    spherical mirror, after reflection, is reflected along the same path.

    IV. RULE 4: A ray incident at pole is reflected back, making the same
    angle with the principal axis.

    5. Image formation by concave mirror (refer to table at 4.)


    6. Uses of concave mirrors
     Torches, search lights, head lights, etc. to get a powerful bean of light.
     Shaving mirrors to see face bigger.
     Dentists use mirrors to see teeth better.
     Lare concave mirrors are used to conduct sunlight to produce heat in
    solar furnaces.

    7. Image Formation in Convex mirrors


    8. Uses of convex mirrors
     Rear view mirrors.
     They give an erect, though diminished image.
     So, they can provide a wider range of visibility.

    9. Sign Convention
     Distances measured towards positive x and y axes are positive, and
    towards negative, x and y-axes are negative.
     Origin is the pole.
     Height of object is positive as it is above principal axis.
     Height of image is negative as it is below principal axis.

    10.Mirror Formula
     distance of the object from its pole is called the object distance (u).
     The distance of the image from the pole of the mirror is called the
    image distance (v).
     focal length (f)

    11.Magnification
     Magnification produced by a spherical mirror gives the relative
    extent to which the image of an object is magnified with respect to
    the object size.
     Expressed as the ratio of the height of the image to the height of
    the object. It is usually represented by the letter (m).
     If h is the height of the object and h′ is the height of the image.

     The height of the image should be taken as positive for virtual


    images. It is to be taken as negative for real images.

    Refraction
    Power of LENS

    Absolute and Relative Refraction


    1case put both lines parallel so that they meet at focus

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