Chapter 18

Plane Geometry
Point 2. Two angles are said to be
A point is defined by its position. It has no
or thickness. A straight line joining two length, widthn
sum is 180°.Supplement
supple(180°mentary,
of xis
- x).
points is the
shortest distance between thenm.Three or more points are
said to be collinear, if there is a line which contains all 180°- 9
of themn.
B
Line LAOC+2BOC=180°.
..ZAOCand ZBOCCare
A line is defined by its length and has no breadth. It has
length units. (metre, foot, centimetre, kilometre, etc). supplementary: eachote
3. An angle which is less than 90 is called to
A line contains infinite points. Through a given point, B acute angle.
there pass infinite lines. One and only one straight line
passes through two distinct points. Three or more lines
are said to be concurrent, if they pass, through one point
and that point is called the point of concurrence. Two
lines are said to be intersecting lines, if they have a
Common point. LAOB <90°
.. ZAOB is an acute angle.
Angle 4. An angle which is greater than 90° is called obtuse
angle.
When two straight lines meet at a point, they are said to B
form an angle. Angles generally are measured in
degrees. There are 180° in a straight line and a full circle
constitutes 360°.
1. Two angles are said to be complementary, if their
sum is 90°. Complement of x is (90° - x). 2AOB> 90°
:.2AOB is an obtuse angle.
T
5. An angle which is exactly 90° is called right angle
and the two lines are said to be perpendicular to
each other.

ZAOC+ZBOC =90°.
.:.ZAOC and ZBOC are complemnentary to each
other.
 123
JantiatveAptitudePlane Geometry

LAOB=90
ZA'OC = ZCOB=-A OB »0Cis the external angle
right angleand1OA and OB are
AOBisa 2
.perpendicular
: to each other. bisector.
whichis 4
angie greater than two right angles but
iss
thanfourright angles said to be reflex angle.
Jess
A B

LAOB < 360° AOB is reflex angle.

which lie on either side of a common line
Angies
angles.
arecalledadjacent Parallel Lines
of lines is always same tor
If the distance between apair
do not intersect
the whole length and these lines parallel lines.
anywhere, then these lines are called
parallel to each
In the given figure, lines l and mare
other.

'O' and a
/AOC and ZCOBhave a common vertex
rommon arm OC. Hence, they are adjacent angles. Transversal Line
& then vertically opposite
lf two lines intersect,magnitude. parallel or
A straight line which cuts two or more a transversal
angles are equal in non-parallel lines at distinct points is called
parallel lines
line. In the figure shown, l and mare two pointoand p,
and nis a transversal which cuts l and mat
B

respectively.

m
LAOB=ZCOD and ZBOC = ZAOD are two pairs
of vertical opposite angles.

Angles Bisector Angles Formed by Transversal Line

Aline which cuts an angle into two equal arngles is called Let AB and CD be two parallel lines, cut by a transversal
an angle bisector. An angle bisector can be internal or t,then following angles are formed.
external.
1
LAOC =ZCOB=ZAOB 0Cis the internal angle
A
bisector.
C

(i) Pairs of corresponding angles are (1, 5),

(24, Z8),(Z2, Z6) and (23,L7). The corresponding
angles of individual pair are equal.
 124 Prep Guide MAH-M3AMMS

(u) Pairs of altenate interior angles are (Z3, 5) and The multiples of triplets are also
(24, Z6). The alternate interior angles of individual
multiple of (3, 4, 5) and a triplet. triplets e
pair are equal.
(iii) Pairs of consecutive interior angles
(allied ang
Or conjoined angles) are (Z4, 5) and (L3, Z6). The
Congruency of Triangles Two
(G) Three sides of one triangle
are respectively
three sides of the other (SSS)
(ü) Two sides and the
e.g,(5,3u
triangles are co ngu
Sum of consecutive interior angles of individual
pair is 180°. included angle ofthe one
triangle is equal to the
(iv) Pairs of verticallyopposite angles are (Z2, Z4),
(5, ), (4,23) and (L6, 8). The vertically
the included angle of thee
(iii) Two angles and a side of one
corother
respondi(SAS).ng wo sides
opposite angles of individual pair are equal. correspondingtwo angles andtriangle
side ofis
(ASA).
a
eqheual
Triangles
A triangle is a plane figure bounded by three
Similarity of Triangles Two
iangles areare said toobether
trangles
similar, if their corresponding
straight
lines. corresponding:sides are
proportional,, i.e.,equal
same shape but may have different sizes. they and th°s
1. Ina triangle, the side which is opposite to the largest
angle is the longest side and the side which is (i) Ratio of the areas of two similar have the
opposite to the smallest angle is the shortest side. the ratio of the squares of anytwo triangles is equal t
2. The sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle 1s
always greater than the length of the third side.
3. The sum of the internal angles in a triangle is 180
sides.
(ii) Ratio of areas of two similar
ratio of the squares of the
coresponding
triangles is equal to te
and that of the external angles is 360°.
4. The difference of any two sides of a triangle is alwayS
and medians.
(iüi) The internal bisector of an
corresponding alti udes
angleeof a
lesser than the third side.
5. If one side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle
divides the opposite side
sides containing the angle.internally intritheanglrate io of
(iv) The lines joining the
triangle is parallel tomid-points
formed is equal to the sum of the interior opposite of
angles. the third any two sides
side and equal to
half of it.
Scalene Triangle When all the sides (and angles) of a
triangle are unequal. Altitude It is the perpendicular
dropped
ito a
side of a
triangle from the vertex opposite to that
Isosceles Triangle When two sides of a triangle are side.
three altitudes of a triangle meet at a point calledAllthe
equal and two angles opposite to the two equal sides the
are equal. orthocentre of the triangle. A

LBOC = 180° - ZA
Equilateral Triangle When all the sides (and angles) of
a triangle are equal. Each interior angle is 60°. ZAOC = 180° ZB
Right Angled Triangle When one angle of a triangle is LAOB= 180° - ZC
right angle. In the figure B= 90° andZA+2C =90°. In AABC, AD, BE and CF are
By Pythagoras Theorem AB +BC? = AC?, where AC is altitudes and meet at
the hypotenuse. orthocentre O.
A
Angle Bisector It is the bisector of A

an angle contained in the vertex of

a triangle. Allthe three angle
bisectors of a triangle meet at a
point called the incentre of the
triangle.The incentre is the centre
of a circle which can be perfectly B
A triplet is a set of numbers which will satisfy the inscribed in the triangle.
Pythagoras Theorem. The frequently used triplets are Inradius = ID =IE = IF. Also, BIC =90°+ .In AABC
(3, 4,5), (5, 12, 13), (7, 24, 25), (8, 15, 17), (9, 40, 41), 2
(11, 60, 61), (12, 35, 37), (16, 63, 65), (20, 21, 29). AD, BE and CF are angle bisectors and meet at incentre.
 125

vantitative Aptitude Plane Geometry

parallelogram are not equal in
diagonals of a other. AC# BD but
Bissector It is the line (1) The bisect each
pendicular
mid-point ofthe magnitude, but they
throughthe perpendicular AO =OC and OB=
OD.
ssing.triangleand C
ofa Rhombus sides are equal is called
e perpendicularbisectors of
A parallelogramn in which all the
three called the a rhombus.
theth
riangle meet
at a point are parallel and
cumcentreofthe
triangle. (0) The opposite sidesequal length.
circumcentreis the centre of a circle which can be all the sides are of
ne
circumscribed about the triangle. AB= BC= CD= DA.
=22P. adjacent
circumradius = PC =QC =, RC and ZQCR (ii) The sum of any two
rfectly A

bisectors meet at circumcentre C. Also, angles is equal to 180°.

e angle interior
ZA+ZB=ZB+ZC=ZC+D=ZD+ZA.
APORthe mid-points of QR, RP and PQ,
Fare
Eand are equal in magnitude.
pectively. (iii) The opposite angles
is the line
joining the 2A=ZC and ZB=ZD. and
Tedian It side ofa triangle each other at right angles
id-point ofa opposite to that side. (iv) The diagonals bisect triangles. They are not of
h the vertexmedians of a triangle form four right angled
G equal magnitude.
three
I the point called the centroid AOB= ZBOC
oct a
at (v) Area of the four right triangles Z 1 area of
thetriangle. =ZCOD =ZDOA andeach equals th the 4
each othersuch B D
hey also intersect
median is split in a ratio of 1:2 from the the rhombus.
ateach equal to the sum of
aseside. (vi) Sum of the squares of sides is
BE and CE.Fare the medians and meet at the the squares of its diagonals.
n4 ABC, AD, AG BG CG
entroid G. Also, GD GE GF = 2 andD, Eand Fare Rectangle
are
A parallelogramn in which the adjacent sides
mid-points of BC,CA and AB, respectively. perpendicular to each other.
= 2AD? +2BD2
vApollonius theorem, AB + AC (i) The opposite sides are parallel and of equal length.
AB = CD and AD= BC.
Quadrilaterals (ii) The adjacent sides are perpendicular,
It has i.e., LA = ZB= /C= ZD= 90°.
tisaplane figure bounded by four straight lines.
the
gur sides and four internal angles. The sumn of (ii) The diagonals of a rectangle are of equal magnitude
and bisect each other.
nternal angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.
AC = BD and AO = 0C = BO =OD.
Parallelogram
Breadth
Aquadrilateral in which the opposite sides are equal and (B)
arallel is called a parallelogram. In a parallelogram
(0) The opposite sides are parallel and of equal length.
AB = DC and AD = BC.

Length (L) B

Square
A parallelogram in which all the sides are
equal and perpendicular to each other.
) he sum of any two adjacent interior angles is equal (i) The opposite sides are parallel and all
to 180°. the sides are of equal length.
AB = BC =CD = DA. B
ZA+ZB=B+ /C= /C+D=D+ZA (iü) The diagonals bisect each other at right angles and
(iiü) The opposite
2A=ZC andZB=D.angles are equal in magnitude form four isosceles right angled triangles.
 126 Prep Guide MAH-MMBAMMS

(ii) The adjacent sides are (ii) Angles in the sarme

i.e., 2A=B=2C=2D= perpendicular,
90°.
(1v) The diagonals of a square are of equal
(iüi) The angle in a
Chords in a Circle semi-cisegment
rcle is ofrightcirceeare
a
a

AC = BD. magnutuae (i)) A straight line drawn

bisect a chord which isfrom the centre
angle. eqa
Trapezium not a of adir
It is a
quadrilateral
of opposite where only one
sides are parallel. ABCDpair
D
angle to the chord.
to a chord from dia met e
Conversely, ihe is at righ
the centre r
(ü) Equal chords of a circle bisects the
chordsequithdatistaarepntercpheonrdd.ic
is a
trapezium as AB || DC. centre. Conversely, the are
A

Polygons
A polygon is a closed plane figure bounded by
equidistant from the centre
(iii) two chords of cirrcle AB are equal.
If a
and
trom te
straight internally or externally the circle CD
DExEC.wheinnterSepcrotduce,
lines. at a point E, then. AExEB=)
Convex Polygon A polvgon in which none of its interior
angles is more than 180°,
Concave Polygon Apolvgon in which atleast one angle 1s
more than 180°,
Regular Polygon A regular polygon has all its sides and B
angles equal.
(i) Each exterior angle of a regular Tangents to a Circle
polygon
360° (i) The tangent at any point of a circle ic
perpendicular to the
Number of sides
contact OT I PT. radius through the
(ii) Each interior angle =180°- (Exterior angle). point i
In a convex polygon of n sides, we have
(a) Sunm of all interior angles =(2n4) x 90°
(b) Sum of all exterior angles = 360°
(c) Number of diagonals of a polygon on n sides
n (n-3)
(ii) If two tangents are drawn to a circle
2
outside point, the length of the from an
A polygon is called a Triangle,Quadrilateral, Perntagon,
Hexagon, Heptagon, Octagon, Nonagon and Decagon external point to their respectivetangents from the
points of conte
are equal, i.e., PA = PB.
according as it contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 sides,
respectively.

Circles
A circle is a set of points which are equidistant from a
given point. The given point is known as the centre of that
circle. The angle in a circle is 360°. (ii) The angle which a chord makes with atangenta
Arcs, Chords and Central Angles its point of contact is equal to any angle in the
(i) In equal circles (or in the same circle), if two arcs are alternate segmernt.
equal, the chords associated with the arcs are equal
and vice-versa.
(i) In equal circles (or in the same circle), if two arcs
subtend equal angles at the centre, then they are equal.
Angles in a Circle
(i) The angle which an arc of a circle subtends at the
where AT and
centre is double that which it subtends at any point on ZPTA=2ABT, ZOTB= ZBAT,
the remaining part of the circle. atd
are the chord and PT is the tangent to the
 Aptitudei
antiatve Plane Geometry 127

PTis
a tangent(with p
an
externalI point 50°+ZCHG = 180°
being
"beeingthe point of ’ LCHG = 180°-50°= 130°.
and and,PABisa
contact)
circle(with A
land EX. 2) Find the number of diagonals in a regular
to
secant
points, where the polygon of 16 sides.
the (a) 102 (b) 103 (c) 101 (d) 104 (e) 100
the circle), then
Bas cuts,
secant
pr'=PAxPB Sol. (d) The number of diagonals in a regular polygon of
nls
oClrcles
f
nsides "(1- 3) 16(16 -3) =104 diagonals.
2 2
circlestouch each
9two
other,the pointtof contact Ex. 3) In APOR, if PO =6cm, PR =8 cm,QS =3cm and
circleslieso PSis the bisector ofZOPR, then what is the length of
ofthetwo A QR?
hestraight line through (a) 4 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 7 cm (e) 8 cm
centres of the circles,
the
A,C,Bare Sol. (d) Since, PS is the angle bisector P

ie, thepoints ofZQPR.

collinear.
givenpair of circles there are two types of Qs_ PQ 3 6
6 cm, 8 cm
na
tangents.
i) The,direct tangents and the cross (or SR PR SR 8
transverse)tangents. In the figure the direct (3x8
SR cm = 4 cm
tangentsare AB and CD and EH and GF are the
Q 3 cm S
ransversetangents. QR = QS+ SR = (3+4) cm
=7 cm
E
Ex. 4) ABCD is a
parallelogram. Find the
measures of xand y. 60°
(a) 40°, 80° (b) 40°, 60
H 80°
(c) 40°, 70 (d) 40°,90°
(e) 40°, 110°
G) When two circles of radi r, and r, have there Sol. (b) LA= 2C
centres at a distance a, the length of the direct
(in aparallelogram opposite angles are equal)
common tangent =d --),and the length of In ABCD, ZB+
2C= 80°
C+ D= 180°
ransverse tangent =d-(; +r).If the two 60° + 80° + x=180°
ircdes touch, then d = t,. X= 40°
(rlic Quadrilateral Aquadrilateral Now, LA+ ZD =180°
whOse vertices be on the (in aparallelogram the sum of the
iaumference of a circle is called a adjacent interior angles =180°).
odic quadrilateral. 80°+(x +y) =180°
Te opposite angles of a cyclic 80°+ 40°+y =180°
y= 60°
zdrilateral are supplementary,
+ß=180°. Ex. 5) In the figure given, ABC is an
) In the given figure AB and CD are parallellines. If equilateral triangle and Ois the centre of
LEGB =50°, then find CHG. the circle. What is the measure of x?
a) 135° (a) 140° (b) 240° (c) 270°
(b) 140° (c) 130° (d) 150° (e) 120°
o. (C) (d) 170° (e) 250
LAGH=ZEGB Sol. (b) As, ABC is an equilateral triangle
Htially opposite angles) A
G B LA =60°, BC is an arc of the circle. If BC makes an angle at
LAGH =50°. point A, it makes twice the angle at point O.
io, ZAGH +ZCHG =180° C
ierior angles on the same side of ZBOC = 2x LA= 2x 60°120°
tansversal are supplementary). x=360°-120°= 240°
[as, the angle at the centre of the circle is 360°1
EXERCISES
ar Chapter Challenges
1. 25% of an angle is the complement of 75°. Find the 5. In the given figure, XY is parallel to
angle
(a) 45° (b) 60°
values of the angles marked x
and PQ. Find th,
y.
(c) 40°
(d) 64° (e) 74°
2. In the given figure, if x = 20°, find y. AA60y
40

302
(5y + 10)
2 B

(a) 26° (b) 24° (c) 21°

(d) 270 (e) 28° (a) 27°, 17° (b) 45°, 250
(d) 36°, 16° (e) 40°, 60 (c) 70°,30P
3. In the given figure, AB||CD and they cut PQ and
QR at E, Fand G, H, respectively. ZPEB =70° and 6. In the given figure, ZBAC =34°,
ZQHD = 140° and ZPOR =x. Find the value of x in Find DBC. ZBCE=-1620
degree.
A

1621
70°
E

(a) 52° (b) 48° (c) 37°

(d) 63° (e) 58°
D 7. In the figure, ZCAB=72°, ZCBA =74° and
LCED =112°. Find ZCDE.
(a)20° (b) 30° (c) 24° A
(d) 32° (e) 38°
72°
4. In the given figure, AB1 CD; AP|| CD, 74°
ZCBP =142°. Find ZABP and ZAPB.
4
(a) 34° (b) 33° (c) 35° (d) 38° (e) 37°
8. In the given figure, CD|| AB. Findy.
D

142/ D

(a) 52°, 38° (b) 56°, 34° 4x° 3X

B
(c) 51°, 390 (d) 57°, 33° (e) 82°
(a) 79° (b) 72° (c) 74° (d) 77°
(e) 72°, 28°
 antitative, Aptitude Plane Geometry 129

DE||BC,. AD =2.5 cm, DB =5 Cm.

,and
cm BC =9 cm. Find1 EC and DE. 17. In the given figure, find x.
E=2

2.5 cm, 2cm

D
5 cm/
x+20xA
9 cm

cm (b) 5 cm, 3 cm (c) 2 cm, 4 cm (a) 72° (b) 76° (c) 70°
cm,3
al4 cm (e) 3 cm, 2 cm (d) 74° (e) 78°
cm,5
4
ld) the centroid of the AABC, where AB= 6cm.
18. ABCD is a rhombus. C= 80°. Find ZABC.
BC=)14
cmand AC =10cm. Find the length of AG. (a) 90° (c) 100°
(b) 120°
2/19 (b) 2V19 cm (d) 70° (e) 110
CIm () V19 cm
19. The length of a chord of a circle is equal to the
19cm (e) 3/19 cm radius of the circle. The angle which this chord
substends in the major segment of the circle is
AC =7.5 cm and BD = 3cm. equal to
4ABC AB=5 cm, (c) 60°
11.n is bisector of ZBAC, then find the (a) 30° (b) 45°
AD theangle (d) 90° (e) 100°
lengthofLDC.
la)45cm (b) 3.9 cm (c) 4.2 cm 20. Chords AB and CD of a circle intersect externally at
(d)3.4cm (e) 4.6 cm P. IF AB =6 cm, CD=3 cm and PD =5 cm, then the
given ZA =90, AD I BC. Find x. length of PB is
12Inthe
figure, (a) 5 cm (b) 7.35 cm (c) 6 cmn
A
(d) 4 cm (e) 8 cm
6V3 om 21. Two circles of same radius 5 cm, intersect each
other at Aand B. If AB =8cm,then the distance
between the centre is
B 3 cm X (a) 9 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 10 cm
9 (d) 4 cm (e) 6 cm
(a) 9cm
(b) 9/3 cm Cm

22. 'O is the centre of the circle, AB is a chord of the

(e) 3 cm circle,OMI AB. If AB = 20 cm, OM= 2/11 cm, then
13.In APOR, LR is an obtuse angle.The perpendicular radius of the circle is
drawn form P meets QR produced at S. f (a) 15 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 10 cmn
OR= RS=12 cm and PQ= 25 cm, then find PR. (d) 11 cmn (e) 8 cm
(a) 2/113 cm (b) Vi13 / 2cm (c) 3V113 cm 23. A chord 12 cm long is drawn in a circle of
(d) V193 cm (e) 10 cm diameter 20 cm. The distance of the chord from the
centre is
4If AABC is an isosceles triangle with ZC =90° and (a) 8 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 10 cm
AC =4 cm, then AB is equal to (d) 16cm (e) 12 cm
(a) 4/2 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 8 cm
(d) 2 cm (e) 10 cm 24. AB is the diameter of a circle with centre O. P be a

15. In aABC, LA+ ZB=100° and ZB+ 2C=150°. Then,

point on it. If ZPOA =120°. Then, ZPBO =?
(a) 60° (b)120° (c) 45°
ZB is equal to (d) 50° (e) 90
(a) 70° (b) 80° (c) 30°
(d) 50° (e) 60° 25. Let P and Q be two points on a circle with centre
0. If two tangents of the circle through P and Q
16. In aparallelogram ABCD, AP and BP are the angle meet at Awith ZPAQ = 48°, then APQ is
bisectors of DAB and ZABC. Find ZAPB.
(a) 96° (b)48° (c) 80°
(a) 85° (b) 90° (c) 94°
(d) 86° (d) 60° (e) 66°
(e) 80°
130 Prep Guide MAH-MBAMMS

(a) 30° (b) 45°

26. The distance between the centre of two (c) 60.
circles oT (d) 75° (e) 90°
radii 6 cm and 3 cm is 15 cm. The length of the
transverse common tangent to the circle is 28. 2 equal tangernts PA and PB are
(a) 12 cm external point P on a circle drawn
the length of each tangent, ifwith
(b) 6/6 cm (c) 7/6 cm
(d) 18 cm (e) 10 cm
centre and the angle between
)Pis
12 centrcme froO,m an
the
8cmsfrom
27. A chord of a circle is eaual to its radius. A
is drawn to the circle at an
extremity
tangent
of the chord.
The angle between the tangent and the chord is
(a) 24 cm
(e) 10cm
(b) 6 cm
(e) Can't be t()angent
determined
is he

Count Your Score

Chapter Challenges
I. (b) 2. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9
3. (b) 4. () 5. (c) (a
11. (a) 12, (a) 13. () 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a)
21. (e) 92. (6) 23. (a) 25. (e) 26. () 27. (a) 28. (b) 20.
24. (a)

The Solutions Zone

1. (b) Let the angle be x in
degree. ’t40°+110°= 180°
ZEAY LABO +ZOBO
Then, 25% of x = 25
100 4
x+150°= 180°
x=180°-150°= 30° In AAOB,60°=30°+y y= 30
Now, complement of 75° 4. (a) ZCBP + ZPBD = 180° /AOB+ 20BA+ ZBAO =1S
=(90°-75)°= 15° [linear pair] [sum of the three
aangl
trangleesi
4150 142° + ZPBD = 180°
’2PBD = 180° - 142° = 38° x+ 30°+ 80° =180º
N= 60° X =70
Now, AP ||CD and PB the
2. (a) ZAOC + ZBOC = 180° transversal Hence, x=70° arnd y = 30°
ZAPB = ZPBD [alternate angles] 6. (a) ZECB + ZBCA =180°
[linear pair]
5y + 10°+2r = 180° LAPB = 38° [:: ZPBD = 38]
’ 5y + 10°+(2x 20°) = 180° Also, AP|CD and AB the
transversal.
162° + ZBCA =180° [linear pat
[x= 20° (given)] ZBCA =18°
’5y =180°- 10° 40° = 130 ZPAB + ZABD = 180° [sum of the ZDBC ZBAC +2
y= 26° internal angles on the same side of
[exterior angle ZACB
is equal to the sum
the transversal) of the interior
3. (b) Since, AB ||CD and PQ the /DBC = 34° + 18° =52°opposi
anglelte
ZPAB + 90°= 180 ::ZABD = 90°1
transversal ’ PAB =180° - 90°= 90° 7. (a) In AABC,
ZPEF = ZEGH
In AABP, ZCAB + ZABC + ZBCA =180
[corresponding angles] LABP + ZBPA + LPAB = 180°
ZEGH =70° [:2PEF = 70°] 72° +74° + ZBCA =180°
ZABP + 38° + 90°= 180° 146° + ZBCA =180°
Now, EGH + HGQ = 180° LABP = 520
ZBCA = 34°
[linear pair] .ZABP =52° andZAPB= 38° Now, ZBCA = ZDCE
LHGQ =(180 -70)°= 110°
5. (c) ZEAY + ZYAO + L0AB = 180 [vertically opposite angte
Also, ZDHQ + 2GHQ = 180°
[linear pair] [linear pair] ZDCE= 34°
’ 60° + 40° + ZOAB = 180° In ACDE,
’ 2GHQ=(180-140)°= 40° ZOAB = 80° 2CED + ZCDE + ZDCE =180
In AGQH,
Now, XY| PQ and AB the 112° + CDE+ 34° =180
LGQH + ZGHQ + HGQ =180° transversal ’ 2CDE = 180°-(112° +34)°
[sum of the angles in ZEAY = LABQ .:. 2CDE= 180° -146° =34°
a triangle is 180°] LCDE = 34°
(corresponding angles] Hence,
 131
AptitudePlane Geometry

11. (a) As, AD is the 49+ 144 199

LCAB 180°
ZBAC angle bisectot of PR/1 cm
+HCA
3r 180o isccles
dy+3x + a right angle
10x 180" 14. (a) AMBC is
triangle
A
NJDandBC
thetransversal, 75cm

(Correspondingangle) AB BE 5 3
AC Dc 15 DC
DC 7.5x3 AC CH
4.5 cm
5 AB?
and AC' +CH²
AD AE 2.5 2 12. (a) In aright angle 4'+4'=AB?
DB EC 5 EC triangle,fromif athe
perpendicular is drawn AB'=32
5x2 4cm
right angled vertex, it will divide AB =4/2 cm
the triangle into two
LC= 2.5
triangles and each in similar
turn is 15. (a)(ZA +ZB) +
(ZB+2C)
Ab,
asDE|BC similar to the original AABC. -(100 + 150)° = 250
AD DE . ABAD, ACAD and AABC are 250
similar (LA + ZB+ 2C)+ ZB =
AB BC
180° + ZB 250
B
[: sum of three angles
DE
2.5

5+25 in a triangle is 180°]

2.5x9 ZB= 250°-180 =70
=3 cm
DE= 75

DE = 3 cm 6 V3 cm C Hence, B 70.
FC= 4cm and LD= ZA = 90° 16. (b) APis the angle bisector of
2C= LC ZDAB.
6V3
6cm
G 10 cm *+3 63
x(x+3) =(6/3)?
7cm D 7 cm C ’r+3x-108 =0
» (x+12)(x-9) =0
BrApollorniustheorem,
AB²+4c? X=9 ZPAB ZDAB ...(i)
214D'+BD) = (x=-12 is not possible] 2
136 and BP is the angle bisector of
2(4D' +7) =6 +10* = Thus, x=9cm.
ZABC
136 13. (d) In right angle APSQ,
AD'+49==68 ZPBA
1
LCBA ...(ii)
2
2
68-49= 19
a AD = Now, in a parallelogram sum of
AD=19 adjacent angels is 180°.
25 cm
meet
The medians of theAGtriangle
2
ZDAB + LABC = 180°
t centroidGand From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
GD 1
2[ZPAB + ZPBAJ = 180
Let AG =x, then GD = /19 -x 12 om A 12 cm Q ZPAB + ZPBA = 90°
2 In APAB,
Then PS + sQ =PQ²
19-x 1 ZPAB + LABP + LAPB = 180°
r=2/19-2x
PS² +24 =25? 90° + ZAPB = 180?
3r =2/19 PS = 25 -24 = 49 ZAPB = 90°
PS =7 cm 17. (c) ABCDEF is a hexagon. Sum of
2419
X=
3
In right angle APSR, the interior angles of a hexagon
2419 PS' +SR² =PR? =(2x6-4) x90°= 720
Thu m (r+ 20) +x+ 3x+ 2x
3 PR' =7 +12
+ 2x + x =720°
132 Prep Guide MAH-MBAMMS

and
’ 10x + 20°=720° OP =0Q
’ LOPQ= L0QP
10x =700
Now, in APOQ
18. (c) As, ABCD is a 2OPQ +
rhombus. LOQP +
2OPQ =24° LP\O3Q2=18=18
220PQ
A
D AM = 4 cm
Now in AOAM,
t
OA'=0M? + AM
Hence,
25 =OM² + 4²
80 OM =25 -16=9 LAPQ==90°LOPA- 24°- LOPO
96. (a):
LA = ZC= 80° OM =3 cm
d=15 cm, r =6 Cm=66
[in a rhombus opposite Hence, and r, =3 cm
O0 =0M + OM :.
angles are equal]
ZA + ZB + ZC+ ZD= 360° =2x3=6 cm Required tangent
transverse lengthof common
[sum of the angles in a 22. (b) : AB = 20 cm,
quadrilateral is 360] OM = 2/11
(2A+LC)+(ZB+ ZD) = 360°
AM = 10 cm
-15 -(6 +3
(80+ 80) °+2 ZB = 360°
[2B = ZD opposite angles in a In AAOM,
=J225 -81
rhombus are equal] OA'=AM² + OM? =144 =12 cm
22B = 360° -160° = 200° 27. (a) : OA = AB =OB
’ OA? =10 +(2V11)? .
ZB=100° AOAB is an
Hence, LABC = 100°
=100 + 44 = 144
OA = 12 cm
equilateral triangle
19. (a) Let AB be the chord
OA =0B = AB 23. (a) Let AB = 12 cm
(given) and AD = 20 cm
.:. AAOB is an .'. OA =10 cm
equilateral triangle and AC =6cm B
LAOB =60° In AAOC,
We also know that,
ZAOB =60°
OA=AC² + 0c? We know that,
ZAOB = 2LACB
10 =6 +Oc?
ZACB =
60°
-= 30°
LAEB =LAOB
2
2 Oc² =100 36 = 64
20. (b):: AB = 6 cm OC = 8cm
2 =x 60°=3
CD = 3 cm and PD =5 cm 24. (a) We know that, the angle Also, ZBAC = LAEB
subtended by an arc at the centre
of a circle is twice (angle of alternate segment
the angle = 30
subtended by the A
28. (b) : 2APB = 120°
arcat any point 120° and OA =OB (radii of cice
D on the remaining
part of the circle.
We know that,
2AOP =120°
PA x PB = PCx PD
120°
’ (PB -6) x PB =(PD -CD) × PD .. ZPBO = = 60°
2
PB² -6PB -10 = 0
25. (e) ZPAQ + ZPOQ =180° ZAPO = 20PB = 60°
6tJ36+ 40
PB = ’ POQ =180° 48° =132° Now, in APAO
2
AP 1 AP
6+ 8.7 COs 60° =
=7.35 cm OP
2
AK48° AP =6cm
21. (e) : OA =OA =5 cm
and AB = 8cm