‫ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎت اﻷوراق اﻟﺒﺤﺜﯿﺔ‬

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 ‫ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻷﻗﺩﻤﻴﻥ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪/‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ‬

‫ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻷﻗﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺅﺭﺨﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻠﺩﺍﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻴﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺒﻨﻌﻭﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺩل ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﻠﻬﻡ ﺒﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺤﻭﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺂﺜﺭ ﺠﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻼﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻔﺎﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺼﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﺩﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻭﺭ ﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ‪،‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻻﻥ ﻏﺭﻀﻨﺎ ﺇﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺘﺴﻊ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻋﺎ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻔﻀل ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻟﻸﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺠﺯﻯ ﺒﺤﺜﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻅﻔﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﻅﻔﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫"ﺒﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ"‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎﹰ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭ‪‬ﺍﺼﻲ‬

‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪harrasi@squ.edu.om‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ )ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ( ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺜﻕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺩ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﺴﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺴﻡ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻕ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺴﺘﺘﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ )ﻭﻟﺩ ﻓﻲ ‪ ١٠٣٥‬ﻫـ‪ -‬ﺘﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ‪١١٠٠‬ﻫـ( ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ "ﺒﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ" ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٠٤٦‬ﻫـ ﻭﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٠٩٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﺒﻊ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺒﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﺎﺼﺭ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻌﺭﺒﻲ )‪ ١٠٥٠‬ﻫـ ‪ ١٠٩٠-‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﺯﺯﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺴﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺭﺸﺩ‬
‫)‪ ١٠٣٤‬ﻫـ ‪ ١٠٥٩-‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﺎﺭﺩﻫﻡ ﻭﻫﺎﺠﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﺼﻭﻻﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻏﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ "ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻬﻡ ]ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ[ ﺃﺭﺨﻭﺍ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻌﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﻓﺘﻭﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﻏﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺠﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ ﺒﺈﻫﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺸﺘﻐﺎﻻﹰ ﺒﺎﻷﻫﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻀﺎﻋﻑ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺤﻭل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﺜﻘﻬﺎ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٠٥٢‬ﻫـ ﻭﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٠٩٠‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﺘﻐﻁﻲ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺜﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺒﺄﻜﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ ]ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺘﻜﺎﺩ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻜل ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ )‪ ١٠٥٤‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪ ١٠٨٧-‬ﻫـ( ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻭﺤﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ[‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺘﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺭﺽ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ )ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ(‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻉ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ‪/‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪aalshujaa@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ‪،‬ﻷﻨﺔ ﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭ‪‬ﺥ ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻥ ﺒﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺭﻙ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻁﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﻨﻭﺯﺍﹰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﺌﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻘﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺸﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻴﻬﺒ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﻨﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺨﺯﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺭﻜﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺯﻭﺡ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺎﹰ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل‪،‬ﻓﻀﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺸﺘﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺴﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻜﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﻗﺒﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺯﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﺍﻨﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﺎﺌل ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺭﺤﻠﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺸﺭﻗﺎﹰ ﻟﺘﺤل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﻤل ﻜل ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺭﻏﻡ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻨﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 Mehri and Hobyot Spoken in south Oman and in East Yemen

Dr. Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle

National Center for Scientific Research - France
simeone@vjf.cnrs.fr

The south-west region of the Sultanate of Oman and the eastern part of Yemen possess a
very rich and ancient non-material patrimony, namely the languages spoken as maternal
tongue by some Omani and Yemenite citizens living in these areas. They belong to the so-
called “Modern South Arabian” group that includes six varieties. Among them only Mehri
and Hobyot are spoken by inhabitants of the two states.

After a brief presentation of the Modern South Arabian group and its relationship with the
languages of the pre-Islamic period of the Arabic peninsula (Sabean, Himyaritic …), I shall
point out the principal dialectal similarities and the causes of differences between the Mehri
variety spoken in Oman and that spoken in Yemen. I shall present the links with Hobyot, a
never described variety, close to Mehri but different enough to be considered as a linguistic
unity within the group.

The aim of this contribution is to highlight the common features of Mehri and Hobyot, their
development depending on the linguistic and natural environment, and the common culture
of which they testify.

The purpose is also to encourage young Omani and Yemenite researchers to involve
themselves in the linguistic research on national endangered languages. In order to further a
better knowledge of their common cultural sources across the borders between the two
countries.

The data concerning Mehri and Hobyot in Yemen were collected during my numerous
fieldworks in the Mahra of Yemen. Concerning Mehri spoken in Oman, the data are
essentially based on T.M. Johnstone’s publications.

٦
 The Pre-Historic Roots of the Links between Oman and Yemen

Dr. Remy Crassard

National Center for Scientific Research- France
archeoremy@aol.com

Comparison between Holocene (10.000 – 4.000 BC) sites from Yemen and Oman is
definitely more relevant than the comparisons with the Levant. In this regard, recent
archaeological discoveries reveal close links between South Arabian Holocene populations.

Some truly Neolithic populations are attested within the Sultanate of Oman, in particular at
many coastal sites. A comparison of lithic industries attests close links with industries from
Yemen.

The presence of stone tools on flakes and blades, like the Fasad points or the Wa’shah
points, is an interesting fact underlining a laminar conceptualization in lithic arrowhead
production. It is a first common point which may appear at the beginning of the Holocene.

Trihedral points, typical at the beginning of the Mid-Holocene, are found from the Oman
Peninsula’s eastern regions across to the Yemeni Western Highlands. They ultimately
represent a technical and typological link which most probably gave way to the apparently
slightly later fluting technique, in Yemen, Oman and the United Arab Emirates.

These comparative data reveal technical and typological complexes that lie within a chrono-
cultural framework that is being constant, updated by new stratified sites discoveries. Some
real “cultural waves” have thus existed in South Arabia, and without evidence of external
origins, these very probably suggest endemic development. Climate and geography
probably contributed to settling modalities and consequently influenced diffusions, relations
and movements of populations.

٧
 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‪ -‬ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Abudomam123@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻘﺏ ﺒﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻴﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻭل ﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻜل ﻗﻭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻨﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻘﺏ ﺒﺄﺒﻲ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﻲ ‪ -‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻘل ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﻠﺞ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺤﺩ ﺃﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺤﻀﺭ ﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻨﺩﻯ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺇﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﻴﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻘﻭﻁﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻟﻜﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺨﻠﻔﺕ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺒﺫﺕ ﺴﻜﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﻭﻗﺘل ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺼﻭﻻﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﻻﺕ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺴﻌﻴﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺭﻱ )‪٦-٤‬ﻡ(‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﻤﻬﺎﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻭ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ -‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺒﻭﺱ‬
‫‪samahan@squ.edu.om‬‬

‫ﺘﺸﻜل ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺤـﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺘﺘﻜﺎﻤـل ﻓﻴﻬﻤـﺎ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﺯﻤﻨﺔ ﻤﻭﻏﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺤﺘﻼﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻜﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻤﺩﺍﺨل ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻓﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺸﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪،‬ﺃﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺴﺄﻜﻠﻥ )ﺇﻗﻠـﻴﻡ ﻅﻔـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴـﻭﻡ (‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ )ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻨﺴﺘﻲ( ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﺤـﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﻤـﻥ ﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﻨﻔﻭﺫﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺴﺄﻜﻠﻥ )ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﻥ( ﻭﺃﺴﺴﻭﺍ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ )ﺴﻤﻬﺭﻡ( ﻟﻴﺤﻜﻤﻭﺍ ﻗﺒـﻀﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻌﻤﺕ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺴـﺄﻜﻠﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻴﺒـﺩﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻘﻼل ﺘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ )‪٦-٤‬ﻡ( ﺸﻬﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺴﺄﻜﻠﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘل ﺍﻟﻴﺯﻨـﻲ – ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴـﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔـﺎﹰ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺴـﻌﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺸـﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺼﻭل ﺃﺴﻴﺎﺩ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﺵ ﺇﻟﻰ )ﻅﻔﺎﺭ( ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼـﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻨﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺂﺯﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺭﻱ )ﻤﺭﺜﺩ ﺃﻟﻥ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﺼﺒﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﺤﺙ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺒﻲ ﻋﺒﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٢٩‬ﻫـ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻴﻭﺥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬

‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫل ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ ﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺃﻫل‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴل‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻷﻫل ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺵ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺌﻤﺔ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩل ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﻷﻫل ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻷﻫل ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﺯل ﺇﻤﺎﻤﻬﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺸﺘﻬﺭ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺤﻁﻨﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻨﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻜﻡ ﺘﺯﺍﺤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﺒﺄﺭﻀﻨﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ /‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ "ﺃﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎﹰ"‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪kk20069@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﻭﻤﺘﺄﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﺼﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺤﻀﺎﺭﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﻤﺩٍ ﻁﻭﻴل ﻤﻤﺘﺩ‬
‫ﻵﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻨﻨﺴﻰ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺴﺨﺎﹰ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﺍﺼـﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴـﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺸﺨﺼﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ /‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﻜﺒﻴـﺭ‪ ‬ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺩ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻜﺭﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴ‪‬ـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻨﱠﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺠﺴﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺭﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻁﻭ‪‬ﻓﺕ ﺃﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻬﻑ ﻟﻭﻤﻴﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻴﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻔـﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻭﺒﻬﻡ ﻭﺃﺫﻫﺎﻨﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻴﻑ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟـﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻨـﺫ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺘﻼﹰ ﺸﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﺒﺎﺴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺸﺎﻋﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺩﻴﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻟﱠﻑ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﺘﺎﺒـﻪ‬
‫"ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎل" ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺨﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻟﺩﻴﻪ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺸـﻌﺭﻱ ﻴـﺴﻤﻰ ﺒـﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏٍ ﺭﺍﺌﻊ ﻭﻗﻭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺤﺭﻭﺒـﻪ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘـﻪ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻤﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻨﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴ‪‬ـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺭﺼﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ /‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻨﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔٍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔِ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺸﺨـﺼﻴﺘﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺤـﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﺃﺜﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﻟﻨـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺒﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﺼﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻨﻁﺒﺎﻋﺎﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻅﻔﺎﺭ)ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬

‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﺩﻥ‬
‫‪Aali.freed@gmail.com‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺘﺒﻁﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ – ﺒﺼﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻀﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﺒﺠﺫﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﻋﻤﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻌﺒﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻅﻔﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺯﺒﻴﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺤﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬ﺘﺭﻴﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬ﻋﺩﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ )ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﻅﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻤﺭﺒﺎﻁ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ – ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‪:‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺤﻠﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻡ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻌﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﺩﻥ‬
‫‪aliazzubair@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺸﻌﺭ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭﻩ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻜﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﻭﺇﻓﺎﺩﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﺤﺎﺤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺨﻠل‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺢ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺩﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺸﻌﺭ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭﻩ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺤﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺒﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻱ‪:‬‬

‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺴل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻭﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ـ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ـ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬
‫‪alwi@maktoob.com‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻭﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻅﻤﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‪ :‬ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻜﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻭﻱ ﻋﻴﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻅﻔﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪:‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻭﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫ﺍﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺴﻼﻁﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻴﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﻭﺽ ﻋﺒﻭﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﻭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺤﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺤﺎﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺠﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬
‫"ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ"‬

‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻌﻴﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪/‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ‬
‫‪asaljaidi@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻤﺭﺍ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺎ ﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻴﺯﺕ ﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﻠﻎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﻀﻌﻑ ﻭﺘﻔﻜﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺩﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺭﻭﺯ ﻗﻭﻯ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺩﺨﻠﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺃﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻠﺕ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻤﻭﺍﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺠﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻨﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﺸﺤﺭ ﻭﻋﺩﻥ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻬل ﺩﺨﻭل‬
‫ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻻﻓﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ )ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﺠل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻲ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﺎ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﻴﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺴﺘﺤﺎﻭل ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺒﻥ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻌﻴﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺒﻭﺱ‬
‫‪yabusaid@squ.edu.om‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠـﺩﻴﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺼﻌﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺭﺹ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘـﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﻨـﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺱ ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﻌـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻷﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺭﺹ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺘﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﺠـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺹ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺴـﻴﺎﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺘﺨﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻁـﺭﺡ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼـﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ‪/‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ‬
‫‪Alsorori2007@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻕ‪ -٣‬ﻕ‪ ٧‬ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺩﺨﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫‪،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻫﺏ ﻭﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﺅﻟﺅ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺫﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﺭ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺜل ﺼﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﻭﻗﻠﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺭ ﻭﻋﺩﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺅﻟﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺏ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺜل ﺼﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﺼﻙ ﻋﻤﻼﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺜل‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺴﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﻨﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻴﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺭﻁل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺴﻠﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪.‬ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺜل ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺵ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺸﻴﺨﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻴل ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﺤﺙ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﺸﺘﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺄﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﻁﻴل ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻔﻀل ﻤﺎ ﺨﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﺭﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﺤﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪،‬ﺘﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻭﻡ‪،‬ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﻜﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﺴﺭﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﻴل ﺍﻟـﺸﻤﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺸﻤﺎﻻﹰ ﻭﺠﻨﻭﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠـﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﻴﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻹﺒﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻠﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﻤل ﻨﻅﻡ ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺯﺓ "ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ" – ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل – ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٨٦٦‬ﻫـ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗـﺎل‬
‫ﻓﻲ "ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ" ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻻ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﺴﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺘﻤل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﻟﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﺭﻍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ "ﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌـﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ" –ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ‪": -‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ" ﻜﺎﻥ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٤٩٨‬ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺼل ﻓﺎﺴﻜﻭ ﺩﺍﻏﺎﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺤﻤﻠﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺤﻭل ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﺠـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻩ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺴﻠﻴل ﺃﺴﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﺎﺽ ﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﻋﺭﻴﻕ ﻓﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ – ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ – ﻜـﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻘﻘـﺎ ﻤـﺩﻗﻘﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺃﺨﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺭﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺠﺩﻩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻩ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯﻴﺔ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻟﻑ ﺒﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺨﺘﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﺩ ﻓﺭﻍ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ ﻗﺩ ﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠـﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﺘﻴﺕ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﻕ ﻭﺤﻅﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻﺒﺄﺱ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ‪،‬ﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﺸﺎﻏل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭﺃﻨـﻪ ﻭﺭﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤـﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﺃﺒﻴﻪ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻘﻭل ﺇﻨﻪ ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺼﺒﺎﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ ﻤﺫ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺼﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺠﻤﻠﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻨﻅﻡ ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺯﺓ "ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻟﻑ ﺒﻴﺕ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﺭﺠﻭﺯﺓ "ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ" ﻭﻗـﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻭﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺘﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺠﻭﺯﺓ ﻗﺼﺎﺌﺩ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺜﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ "ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ" ﻭﻟﻪ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺯﺍل ﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻫﺎ "ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻴﺔ"‬

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‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺎﺤل ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺩﻥ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺇﺴـﻤﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺒـﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺸﺭﺡ ﺘﺤﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺒـﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺨﺭ" ﻫﻭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﺩﻱ ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﻬﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻠﻔـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻲ ﺩﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻅﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺠﺎ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺩﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻪ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻤﺒﺎﺴﺎ ﺒـﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴـﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ ﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻜﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻓﻬـﻭ ﻴﺴﺘـﺸﻬﺩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ "ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ" ﺒﻘﻭل ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺯﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻨﻘﺼﺎﹰ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﻼﺌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﺃﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻴﺏ ﻭﻤﻁﻠﻊٍ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ ﺸﺎﻋﺭﺍ ﻜﺈﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺜﻭﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ "ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺩﺓ" ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺨﺭ" ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺏ "ﺘﺤﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل " ﻭﻜﺘـﺎﺏ "ﺸـﺭﺡ ﺘﺤﻔـﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺤـﻭل"‬
‫ﻭﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ‪" :‬ﻗﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺱ" ﺸﺭﺡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟـﺴﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺴﻨﺤﺎﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻷﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺍﺠﻴﺯﺓ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻁﺎﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻲ‬

‫ﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﺤﺙ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬
‫‪Ahmed_666_4@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﻤﺩﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ‪ -‬ﺭﺤﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺸﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﺯﻨﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻭﻤﻴﺎﺕ – ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺼﺩﻕ ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻓﻬﻡ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺒﺄﻗﻼﻤﻬﻡ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻤﺎﺭﺴﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻨﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺒﻭﺍ ﺨﺒﺭﺘﻬﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﺒﺎﻁﺎﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺩ ﺒﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١١٨٠‬ﻫـ ‪١٧٦٦ -‬ﻡ ﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺼﺎﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪ ..‬ﺘﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٢٧٣‬ﻫـ ‪١٨٥٦ -‬ﻡ‪-‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﺸﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﺸﻌﺭﻴﺘﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻭﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻤﻁﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ ))ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻁﺎﻴﻊ(( ﺤﻭﺕ ﻤﺭﺸﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٨٠٢‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺤﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺯﻨﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﺒﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺯﺍﻨﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺭﺸﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٨٠٥‬ﻡ ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺼﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻁﺎﻴﻊ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﻼﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺭﻭﺜﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﺴﻼﻓﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻜﺎﻟﺭﺒﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻭﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻤﺭﺸﺩﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻁﺎﻴﻊ ﻤﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻋﺼﺭﻩ ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺘﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻀﺘﻪ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﻁﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﺴﻴﻁﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻭﻤﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﺩﺓ ﻜﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﺩﺱ )ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل( ﻭ )ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻠﻲ( ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺸﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻁﺎﻴﻊ‪) -‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎ( ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٨٠٥‬ﻡ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻓﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻁﻘﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺴﻤﺕ ﺼﻭﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻑ ﻟﻠﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﻴﻥ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻜﻤﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﻭﺠﺯﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺩﺍﺭﻜﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﺒﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻗﻭﺍل ﻤﻼﺡ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺨﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺤﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﻙ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺤﻀﺭﻤﻭﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫‪burhoomy@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺵ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺭﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﻭﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﺏ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻟﻙ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ ﺘﺒﺤﺭ ﻋﺒﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ﻭﺸﺭﻕ ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ؛ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺠﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻁﺭﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﻭﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻋﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﻀﺎﻓﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻫﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﺒﺎﻁﺎﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﻙ‪ ،‬ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻭﺽ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻤﻌﻴﺒﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﻱ ﻭﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺠﻴﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻤﺎ ﻭﻨﺜﺭﺍ‪ .‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺩﺭﻜﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﻋﻴﺎ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻁﻠﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺴﺠﻠﻭﺍ ﻤﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﺃﺯﻤﻨﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ ﻭﺸﺭﻕ ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻨﺱ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﺼﺎﺌﺤﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻺﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺤﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺭﺉ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺒﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻴﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﻴﻪ ‪١٩٤٠‬ﻡ‪١٩٧٠-‬ﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﺍﺒﻀﺔ‬

‫‪hardenet@yemen.net.ye‬‬

‫ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﺒﺈﻴﺠﺎﺯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺨل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺩﻥ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻤﻁﺎﻟﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻟﻤﺤﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺭﺠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﺯﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﻨﺯﻴﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﺯﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺠﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﺌﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻨﺸﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺹ ﻭﻜﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺍﺒﻀﺔ ﻭﻜﻴل ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﻋﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻼ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍﺒﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻴﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻐﻔل ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻘل ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻋﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﻼ‪،‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻭﻜﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﺍﺒﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻭﻀﺭﻭﺏ ﻭﺃﺼﻨﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺎﺠﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻁﺭﺃﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﻼﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‪ -‬ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫‪as-surry@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻤﻭﺠﺯﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺄﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﻭﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﺼﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﺒﺎ ﻭﺴﻤﻬﺭﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻨﻁﻠﻘﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﻗﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﻼ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺨﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻁﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻭل ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺃﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺸﺭﻕ ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺒﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻋﻔﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﻭﻏﺔ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﻐﺔ (‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻗﺩﻤﻪ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﺒﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ‪.‬‬

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