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    Solving-Problems-Involving-Antidifferentiation

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    Solving-Problems-Involving-Antidifferentiation

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    betq2000
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    Math Performance task

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    Math Performance task

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views4 pages

    Solving-Problems-Involving-Antidifferentiation

    Uploaded by

    betq2000
    Math Performance task

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    IDENTIFYING SEPARABLE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

    A differential equation (DE) is an equation that involves x, y and the derivatives of y.


    The following are examples of differential equations:
    dy dy −x
    (a) = 2x + 5 (b) = (c) y” + y = 0
    dx dx y

    The order of a differential equation pertains to the highest order of the derivative
    that appears in the differential equation. The first two examples above are first-order
    DEs because they involve only the first derivative, while the last example is a second-
    order DE because y’’ appears in the equation. A solution to a differential equation is a
    function y = f(x) or a relation f(x, y)=0 that satisfies the equation.

    Example: Determine if the given differential equation is separable or not, if it is


    separable, rewrite the equation in the form g ( y ) dy=f ( x ) dx .
    dy 2 2
    1. =y x
    dx
    dy dx 2 2 dx
    ∙ =y x ∙ 2
    dx y 2 y
    dy 2
    2
    =x dx
    y
    Since each side of the equation involves only one variable, then it is separable
    differential equation.
    dy sin x
    2. =
    dx cos y
    dy
    ∙¿
    dx
    cos y dy =sinx dx
    Since each side of the equation involves only one variable, then it is separable
    differential equation.
    dy 2
    3. =12 x −4 y +2
    dx
    This is none separable differential equation since it cannot be expressed into
    g ( y ) dy=f ( x ) dx .
    SOLVING FOR THE GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
    We take for instance the equation:
    dy 2
    =x
    dx
    2
    dy =x dx
    Then we can integrate both sides, taking extra caution with the constants of integration.

    ∫ dy=∫ x 2 dx
    3
    x
    y +C 1= +C2
    3
    3
    x
    y= +(C 2−C1 )
    3
    Lastly, we let C=C 2−C1 . Hence,
    3
    x
    y= +C ,C ∈ R .
    3

    This solution to the differential equation is called the general solution. It is general in
    the sense that it represents a family of solutions to the given differential equation.
    Example 1: Solve for the General Solution of the differential equation 2 ydx−3 xdy=0 .
    Solution: 2 ydx=3 xdy
    2 3
    dx= dy
    x y
    2 3
    ∫ x dx=∫ y dy
    2 ln |x|=3 ln| y|+C
    2 3
    ln |x| −C=ln | y| +C
    2
    3
    | y| =e−C e ln|x|
    3 2
    | y| =e−C| x|  general solution

    Example 2: Find the General solution of the differential equation.


    2

    x y3 dx +e x dy=0
    2
    Solution: −x y 3 dx=e x dy
    −x 1 2

    −x e dx= 3 dy
    y
    −∫ x e dx=∫ y−3 dy
    2
    −x

    −du
    Meanwhile, if u=−x 2, then du=−2 xdx so that =xdx . Hence,
    2
    1 1 u 1 −x
    −∫ x e ∫
    −x 2 u 2

    dx= e du= e +C= e + C .


    2 2 2
    −∫ x e dx=∫ y dy
    2
    −x −3

    −2
    1 −x − y
    2

    e = +C  general solution
    2 2
    Example 3: Find the General solution of the differential equation
    dy 2 2
    =y x
    dx
    dy 2
    Solution: 2
    =x dx
    y

    ∫ y −2 dy =∫ x2 dx
    3
    1 x
    2
    +C 1= +C2
    y 3
    3 3
    −1 x General Solution: −1 x
    = +(C ¿ ¿ 2−C 1)¿ = +C
    y 3 y 3

    SOLVING FOR THE PARTICULAR SOLUTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

    dy 2
    We take the previous equation: =x
    dx
    2
    dy =x dx

    ∫ dy=∫ x 2 dx
    3
    x
    y +C 1= +C2
    3
    3
    x
    y= +(C 2−C1 )
    3
    3
    x
    General Solution: y= +C ,C ∈ R .
    3

    If we replace C by a specific real umber, the resulting function is called a particular


    solution. Thus in the previous example, we can let C=1 and say that the function
    3
    x dy 2
    y= +1 is a particular solution to =x . Particular solutions arise when certain
    3 dx
    conditions are imposed on DE.

    Therefore, the Particular solution to the given intial-values where y=1 and x=2 is:
    3
    −1 x −11
    = +
    y 3 3
    Example 1. Find the Particular solution of the differential equation.
    dy sin x π
    = , where y=0 and x= .
    dx cos y 2
    dy sin x
    Solution: =
    dx cos y
    cos y dy =sin x dx

    ∫ cos y dy=∫ sin x dx


    sin y +C 1=−cos x +C 2

    General Solution: sin y=−cos x+ C


    π
    Then substitute the initial-values: y=0 and x=
    2
    π
    sin 0=−cos +C
    2
    C=0
    π
    Therefore, the Particular solution to the given intial-values where y=0 and x= is:
    2
    sin y=−cos x

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