B. Sc Part III

SYLLABUS
B.Sc. III Year
JAI NARAIN VYAS UNIVERSITY

JODHPUR
BOTANY 2016
Theory
Course Nomenclature Number of Number of Maximum Minimum

Papers Periods marks marks
per week
Paper I Ecology and 1 2 50
Environmental
Biology
Paper II Plant 1 2 50 54
Physiology and
Biochemistry
Paper III Plant 1 2 50
Biotechnology
and Molecular
Biology
PRACTICAL COURSE 6 75 27
Duration of examination of each theory papers 3 hours

Duration of examination of practicals 5 hours
PAPER I: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

BIOLOGY
Unit I: Plants and Environment: Atmosphere (gaseous composition), water (properties of water
cycle), light (global radiation, phytosynthetically active radiation), temperature, soil
(development, soil profiles, physico-chemical properties) and biota.
Morphological, anatomical and physiological responses of plants to water (hydrophytes and
xerophytes) temperature (thermoperiodicity and vernalization), light (photoperiodism,
heliophytes and sciophytes) and salinity
Unit II: Population ecology: Concept and characters, growth curves, biotic potential, ecotypes and
ecads. Seed: The significance, suspended animation; ecological adaptation and dispersal
strategies
Community ecology and Succession: Community characteristics, frequency, density, cover, life
forms and biological spectrum. Succession: concept, classification and examples (hydrosere &
xerosere)
Unit III: Ecosystems and Productivity: Ecosystem –– Structure, abiotic & biotic components, food
chain, food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus and Sulphur.
Productivity: Primary productivity, its measurements and factors affecting primary productivity
Unit IV: Environmental Biology of Indian Desert: Climate, vegetation types, adaptive strategies of
desert plants. Desertification: meanings, causes, critical issues & driving forces. Agroforestry
and its impact on desert agriculture. Desert biodiversity, Geomorphology, natural resources
exploitation and their impact on desert environment
Unit V: Pollution Ecology: Definitions, classification, air, water and land pollution. Concepts of
Industrial Ecology in pollution management. Global warming : Concepts and Current status.
Phytogeography: Vegetation types of India –– Forest and Grasslands. Biogeographical regions
of India, Remote sensing: The basics and applications in ecological studies
Suggested Laboratory Exercises

1. To determine minimum number of quadrats required for reliable estimation of biomass in
herbaceous vegetation
2. To study the frequency of herbaceous species and to compare the frequency distribution with
Raunkaier’s Standard frequency diagram
3. To estimate Importance Value Index for herbaceous vegetation on the basis of relative
frequency, relative density and relative biomass in protected and Gochar land
4. To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame
5. To measure the above ground plant biomass in a natural field
6. To determine diversity indices (richness Simpson, Shannon-Weaver) in natural fields
7. To estimate bulk density and porosity of soil samples
8. To determine moisture contents, water holding capacity and texture of soil samples
9. To estimate qualitatively nitrate, phosphate and potassium in soil samples
10. To study the vegetation structure through profile diagram
11. To estimate transparency and pH of different water bodies
12. To measure dissolved oxygen content in polluted and unpolluted water samples
13. To estimate salinity, hardness, carbonates and bicarbonate in different water samples
14. To determine the percent leaf area injury of different leaf samples collected around polluted site
15. To estimate dust holding capacity of the leaves of different plant species
16. Plant adaptive modifications: Specimens/Slides:
i) Succulents: Opuntia, Euphorbia
ii) Salt secretion: Atriplex, Chloris
iii) Salt accumulation: Suaeda, Salsola, Zygophyllum
iv) Xerophytes: Calligonum, Capparis, Leptadenia, Parkinsonia
v) Hydrophytes: Eichhornia, Nymphaea, Hydrilla
Suggested Readings
Dash, M.C. Fundamental of Ecology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1996
Kormondy, E.J. Concepts of Ecology, Prentice – Hall of India Pvt., New Delhi, 1996
Kumar, H.D. General Ecology, Vikash Publishing House Pvt. New Delhi, 1995
Mukherjee, B. Environmental Biology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997
Odum, E.P. Basic Ecology, Sauders, Philadelphia, 1983
Sen, D.N. Environment and Plant Life in Indian Desert, Geobios International, Jodhpur, 1982
Sharma, P.D. Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Meerut 2002
PAPER II: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Unit I: Plant-water relations: Importance of water to plant life; physical properties of water;
diffusion and osmosis; absorption, transport of water and transpiration; physiology of stomata
Mineral nutrition: Essential macro- and micro-elements and their role, mineral uptake;
deficiency and toxicity symptoms
Transport of organic substances: Mechanism of phloem transport; source-sink relationship;
factors affecdting translocation
Unit II: Photosynthesis: Significance; historical aspects; photosynthetic pigments; action spectra and
enhancement effects; concept of two photosystems; Z-scheme; photophosphorylation; Calvin
cycle; C4 pathway; CAM plants; photorespiration. Rubisco and its regulation.
Unit III: Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Kreb’s cycle; electron transport mechanism
(chemi – osmotic theory); redox potential; oxidative phosphorylation pentose phosphate
pathway
Basics of enzymology: Discovery and nomenclature; characteristics of enzymes; concept of
holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme and cofactors; regulation of enzyme activity; mechanism of
action, Protein structures
Unit IV: Nitrogen and lipid metabolism: Biological Nitrogen fixation and metabolism. Importance
of nitrate reductase and its regulation; ammonium assimilation. Structure and function of lipids;
fatty acid biosynthesis; B-oxidation; saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; storage and
mobilization of fatty acids
Unit V: Growth and development: Definitions; phases of growth and development. Seed dormancy,
seed germination. Photoperiodism, physiology of flowering; florigen concept. biological clocks
vernalization. physiology of senescence, fruit ripening. Plant Hormones-auxins, gibberellins,
cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene, history of their discovery, Physiological role and mode
of action. Photomorphogenesis; phytochromes and cryptochromes.
Suggested Laboratory Exercises

1. To study the permeability of plasma membrane using different concentrations of organic
solvents
2. To study the effect of temperature on permeability of plasma membrane
3. To prepare the standard curve of protein and determine the protein content in unknown
samples
4. To study the enzyme activity of catalase and peroxidase as influenced by pH and
temperature
5. Comparison of the rate of respiration of various plant parts
6. Separation of chloroplast pigments by solvent method
7. Determining the osmotic potential of vacuolar sap by plasmolytic method
8. Determining the water potential of any tuber
9. Separation of amino acids in a mixture by paper chromatography and their identification
by comparison with standards
10. Bioassay of auxin, cytokinin, GA, ABA and ethylene using appropriate plant material
11. To study the regulation of stomatal movement using growth regulators, KCI and anti-
transpirants
Suggested Readings
Dennis, D.T., Turpin, D.H., Lefebvre, D.D. and Layzell (eds.). Plant Metabolism (2nd ed.),
Longman, Essex, England, 1997
Galston, A.W. Life processes in Plants, Scientific American Library, Springer-Verlag, New
York, USA, 1989
Hopkins, W.G. Introduction to plant physiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA,
1995
Lea, P.J. and Leegood, R.C. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, England, 1999
Mohr, H. and Schopfer, P. Plant Physiology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1995
Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. Plant Physiology (4th ed.), Wadsworth Publishing Co.,
California, USA, 1992
Srivastava, H.S. Plant Physiology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut, 2001
Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. Plant Physiology (2nd ed.), Sinauer Associats, Inc. Publishers,
Massachusetts, USA, 1998
Suggested Readings
(for Laboratory Exercises)
Amar Singh. Practical Plant Physiology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1977
Moore, T.C. Research Experiences in Plant Physiology: A Laboratory Manual, Springer-
Verlag, Berlin, 1974
Nifa, A.J. and Ballou, D.P. Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and
Biotechnology, Fitzrierald Science Press, Inc., Maryland, USA, 1998
Robalts and Tucker, G.A. (Eds.) Plant Hormone Protocols, Humana Press, New Jersey¸ USA,
2000
Scot, R.P.W. Techniques and Practice of Chromatography Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York,
1995
Wilson, K. and Goulding, K.H. A Biologists Guide to principles and techniques of Practical
Biochemistry, Ed-ward Arnold, London, 1986
PAPER III: PLANT BIOTECHONOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Unit I: Cell theory and concept of totipotency and pluripotency. Introduction,
History and application: plant tissue culture and biotechnology.
Genes, genomics, and proteomics: general introduction. Basic tools and techniques of
molecular biology: History of genetic manipulation, restriction enzymes, ligases,
electrophoresis (Agarose and PAGE) and PCR. General introduction and applications of
DNA finger printing, bioinformatics and NanoBiotechnology.
Unit II: Bacterial and viral genome organization (with special reference to
plasmids and phage). Genetic recombination in bacteria. Vectors for gene cloning: p-
BR322, p-UC18, Cosmids, Phagemids, BAC, PAC, YAC and HAC; c-DNA libraries.
Detection and screening of recombinant DNA.
Unit III: General techniques of micropropagation.Fundamental and molecular aspects of
organogenesis-somatic embryogenesis and androgenesis. Genetic basis of somaclonal
variations and its applications.Protoplast isolation, fusion and somatic hybridization.
Cryopreservation of germplasm.
Various types of bioreactors. Industrial production of secondary metabolites with special
reference to Ephedra alkaloids, shikonin, diosgenin and Vinca alkaloids. Strategies used to
optimize secondary metabolite production.
Unit IV: Genetic engineering of plants. Agrobacterium as a natural genetic engineer: molecular
organization of genetic makeup, t-DNAtransfer mechanism integration and expression in
plants.Genetic engineering of nitrogen fixation; basic biology, prospects and future
challenges. Direct method of gene transfer in plants: Chemical methods electroporation,
particle gun delivery, lipofection, microinjection, macroinjection, pollen transformation,
laser induced and silicon fiber mediated. Reporter (Lucifarase,
GUS and GFP) and marker genes.
Unit V: Biotechnology and society: Development of transgenic crop plants against biotic and
abiotic stresses. Genetically modified crops: Golden rice, Bt cotton and Bt brinjal (as a
model system).Molecular marker assisted plant breeding. Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBR)
and Intellectual Property Right (IPR) in current regime of WTO. Impact of GM crops on
society and environment.
SUGGESTED LABORATORY EXERCISES

1. Demonstration of the technique of micropropagation by using different explants, e.g.
auxiliary buds, shoot meristems
2. Demonstration of the techniques of anther culture
3. Isolation of protoplasts from different tissues using commercially available enzymes
4. Demonstration of root and shoot formation from the apical and basal portions of stem
segments in liquid medium containing different hormones
5. Demonstrations/poster on GM Crops and related issues
Suggested Readings
Bhojwani, S.S. Plant Tissue Culture: Application and Limitation, Elsevier Science Publishers,
New York, USA, 1990
Old, R.W. and Primrose, S.B. Principles of Gene Manipulation, Black well Scientific
Publications, Oxford, U.K., 1986
Raghavan, O. Embryogenesis in Angiosperms: A Developmental and Experimental Study,
Cambridge University, Press, New York, USA, 1986
Vasil, I.K. and Thorpe, T.A. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The
Netherlands, 1994
SUGGESTED READINGS
(for Laboratory Exercises)
Ball, R.D. (ed.) Plant Cell Culture Protocols, Humana Press, Inc. New Jersey, USA, 1999
Dixon, R.A. (ed.) Plant Cell culture: a Practical Approach, IRL, Press Oxford, 1987
Glick, B.R. and Thompson, J.E. Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CRC
Press, Boxa Raton, Florida, 1993
Roberts, J. and Tucker, G.A. (eds.) Plant Hormone Protocols Humana Press, New Jersey, USA
2000.
BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016
Max Marks: 50
PAPER I: RECOMBIANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
Unit I: What is gene cloning and why do we need to clone gene? Tools and Techniques:
Plasmid and other vehicle. Genomic-DNA, handling of DNA and RNA. Restriction
enzymes and reagents. Laboratory techniques and other requirements.
Unit II: Safety measures and related regulations for recombinant DNA work, choice and
selection of the tools and techniques. Vehicles: Plasmids and bacteriophages, available
phagemids, cosmids and viruses.
Unit III: Purification of DNA from bacteria, plant and animal cells. Manipulation of purified
DNA.Introduction of DNA into living cells. Cloning vectors for E-coli.
Unit IV: Cloning vectors for organism other than E-coli, yeast, fungi, plants- agro bacteria,
plants viruses and animal viruses. Applications of cloning in gene analysis- how to obtain
a clone of a specific gene, studying gene location and structure, studying gene expression.
Unit V: Gene cloning and expression of foreign genes in research and biotechnology.
Production of protein from cloned genes. Gene cloning in medicine: Pharmaceutical
compounds, artificial insulin gene, recombinant vaccine, and diagnostic reagents.
PAPER II: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

Max Marks: 50
Unit I: Introduction to in–vitro methods. Terms and definitions. Use of growth
regulators. Beginning of in-vitro cultures in India (Ovary and Ovule culture), in-vitro
pollination and fertilization. Embryo culture, embryo rescue after wide hybridization and
its application.
Unit II: Introduction to processes of embryogenesis and organogenesis and their practical
applications. Clonal multiplication of elite species (micropropagation) through axillary
bud, shoot tip and meristem culture Haploids and their applications. Somaclonal variation
and their applications.
Unit III: Endosperm culture and production of triploids.
Single Cell suspension culture and their application in selection of variant mutants with or
without mutagen treatment (of haploid cultures preferably).
Unit IV: Testing of viability of isolated protoplasts, various steps in the isolation and
regeneration of protoplasts.
Somatic hybridization – Introduction, various methods of fusion of protoplasts (chemical
and electrical), use of markers for selection of hybrid cells.
Unit V: Practical application of somatic hybridization (hybrids/cybrids). Use of plant
cell, protoplasts and tissue culture for genetic manipulation of plants. Introduction to
Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Tumour formation on plants using A. tumefaciens (monocots
v/s dicots)
Hairy Root formation using using Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Practical applications of genetic transformation.
Plant genomics (e.g. Rice, Arabidopsis)
PAPER III: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Max Marks: 50
Unit I: General metabolism of animal cells. Special secondary metabolites/products (Insulin,
growth hormone, Interferon, t- plasminogen activator, and factor VIII ) Expressing cloned
proteins in animal’s cells. Over production and processing of chosen protein: The need to
express in animal cells.
Unit II: Production of vaccines in animal cells.Production of monoclonal antibodies.
Growth factors promoting proliferation of animal cells (EGF, FGF, PGDF, IL-1, IL-2,
NGF, and Erythropoietin). Bioreactors for large-scale culture of cells. Transplanting
cultured cells.
Unit III: Renewable and Non–Renewable resources. What is Renewable should be Bio-
assimable / Biodegradable. Major consumable items: Food, Fuel and Fibers. Conventional
Fuels and their Environmental impacts: Fire wood, Plant and Wastes, coal, gas, animal
oils. Modern fuel and their environmental impacts: Methanogenic bacteria and biogas,
microbial hydrogen production, conversion of sugars to ethanol the gasohol experiment,
Solar energy converters - hopes from the photosynthetic pigments, plant based petroleum
industry, cellulose degradation for combustible fuel.
Unit IV: Biotechnological inputs in producing good quality and natural fibers- transgenic
animals and transgenic plants. Microbial quality of food and water .Treatment of
municipal waste and industrial effluents.
Degradation of Pesticides and other toxic chemicals by micro organisms. Thuringiensis
toxin as a natural pesticide, Biological control of other insects swarming the agricultural
fields. Enrichment of ores by microorganisms, Biofertilizers. Nitrogen fixing
microorganisms enrich the soil with assimilable nitrogen.
Unit V: Biodiversity and its conservation: Alpha- and Beta-biodiversity, steps to preserve
biodiversity, in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
Intellectual property, IPR, and plant genetic resources, TRIPS and GATT
Patenting: Patenting of genetic material, obligations and complications, current issues:
Ethics, Environmental safety.Risk assessment of GEOs (Genetically Engineered
Organisms), Plant Breeder’s right and farmer’s rights.
Practical
1. Initiating Plant tissue culture: differentiation of explants.
2. Growth of plant cells into undifferentiated mass
3. Large-scale cultivation of plant cells in suspension
4. Induction of differentiation by modulating the hormonal balance
5. Culture of lymphocytes from blood samples
6. Preparation of media, filler sterilization, monitoring microbial contamination (bacteria, fungi &
mycoplasma)
7. Cloning of animal cells by cell and colony purification
8. Fusion of cultured cells with myeloma cells.
Books Recommended
Old & Primrose: Principles of gene manipulation, Blackwell Scientific Publications
Sambrose & Russell: Molecular cloning CSH Press
Ausber: Current protocols in molecular biology CSH Press
Michel: Introduction to environmental microbiology
B.D. Singh Plant Breeding: Kalyani Publisher
Alexander, M: Microbial Ecology, John Wiley & sons
EC Eldowney, Hardman & Waite: Pollution Ecology biotreatment- Longman Scientific
Technical
Baker &Herson - Bioremediation –Tata McGraw Hill
P.C.Debergh & R.H. Zi mmerman: Micropropagation Technique & Applications. Kluwer
Academic Publishers
K. Lindsey & M.G. K. Jones: Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture
R.A. Meyers: Molecules Biology & Biotechnology VCH Publishers N.Y.
B. D. Singh: Plant Biotechnology, Kalyani Publishers
Indra K Vasil & Trevar A Thorpe: Plant Cell & Tissue Culture, Kluwer Academic Publishers
S.S Bhojwani & M.K. Razdan: Plant Tissue Culture Theory & Practice, Elsevier
PracBtical
Time 5:00 hr
Max. Marks: 75
Min. Marks: 27
1. Preparation of nutrient medium and its sterilization 13
2. Preparation of explant (pretreatment), sterilization and
inoculation for the given tissue culture technique 08
3. Identification of microbial contamination in the given
nutrient medium 07
4. Identify & comment upon the Spots (1to6) 27
5. Viva- Voce 10
6. Practical Record 10
CHEMISTRY2016
PAPER I: CH – 301 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III

Unit I: Metal-Ligand bonding in transition metal complexes:
Valence bond theory of complexes and its limitation, Crystal field theory, Crystal field
splitting of energy levels in octahedral, tetrahedral and square planer complexes, crystal-
field stabilization energy of octahedral complexes (Calculation Only).
Unit II:Hard and soft Acid Base Concept (HSAB): Classification of acid and base as hard
and soft. Pearson’s HSAB concept and its application.
Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes: Types of magnetic behaviour, magnetic
properties of metal complexes, spin only formula, methods of determining magnetic
moment and magnetic susceptibility.
Unit III:Stability of metal complexes: A brief outline of thermodynamic stability of metal
complexes and factors affecting the stability. Kinetic stability, labile and inert complexes,
colour of transition metal complexes, effective atomic number (EAN), pi accepter ligands,
experimental determination of stability constant and composition of complex( Job’s
Method and Bjerrum’s Method).
Unit IV:Organometallic Chemistry: Definition, nomenclature and classification of
organometallic compounds, bonding, preparation, properties and application of
organometallic compounds of Li, Al, Hg and Sn (alkyls and aryl).
Bioinorganic Chemistry: Essential and trace elements in biological processes, Biological
role of alkali (Na, K, Li) and alkaline earth (Mg, Ca) metals.
Unit V:Basic principles of Metallurgy and metallurgical processes.
Metallurgy of Copper, Zinc, Platinum and Uranium from their main ores.
Books Recommended:
1. Inorganic Chemistry Part I and part II by N.C.Sogani, M.L.Sharma, G.K.Rastogi
2. Inorganic Chemistry by G.C.Shivhare, V.P.Lawania
3. Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry by P.L.Soni
4. Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry by Satya Prakash, Tuli & Madan
PAPER II: CH-302 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit I: Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Proton magnetic resonance (1H PMR) spectroscopy , nuclear shielding and deshielding,
chemical shift and molecular structure, spin-spin splitting and coupling constants, areas of
signals, interpretation of PMR spectra of simple organic molecules such as ethyl bromide,
acetaldehyde, 1,1,2-tribromoethane, ethyl acetate, toluene and acetophenone.
Unit II: Heterocyclic Compounds
Introduction: Molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristics of pyrrole, furan,
thiophene and pyridine. Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions with particular
emphasis on the mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Mechanism of nucleophilic
substitution reactions in pyridine derivatives. Comparison of basic nature of pyridine,
piperidine and pyrrole.
Introduction to condensed five and six–membered heterocycles. Preparation and reactions
of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline with special reference to Fisher indole synthesis,
Skraup synthesis and Bischler-Napieralski synthesis. Mechanism of electrophilic
substitution reactions of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.
Unit III: Carbohydrates
Classification and nomenclature. Monosaccharides, interconversion of glucose and
fructose, chain lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses. Configuration of
monosaccharides. Erythro and threo diastereomers. Conversion of glucose into mannose.
, mechanism of osazone formation, Formation of glycosides, ethers and esters. Cyclic
structure of D(+)-glucose. Determination of ring size of monosaccharides, Mechanism of
mutarotation. Structures of ribose and deoxyribose.
An introduction to disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides(starch
and cellulose)without involving structure determination.
Unit IV: Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Classification, structure and stereochemistry of amino acids; Acid-base behavior,
isoelectric point, electrophoresis and separation of amino acids by chromatography.
Preparation and reactions of -amino acids. Structure and nomenclature of peptides and
proteins. Classification of proteins. selective hydrolysis of peptides. Classical peptide
synthesis, solid-phase peptide synthesis. Peptide structure determination, end group
analysis, Structures of peptides and proteins. Levels of protein structure. Protein
denaturation/renaturation.
Nucleic acids: introduction. Constituents of nucleic acids. Ribonucleosides and
ribonucleotides. The double helical structure of DNA.
Unit V: Fats, Oils, Detergents and Synthetic Polymers : Natural fats, edible and industrial
oils of vegetable origin, common fatty acids, glycerides, hydrogenation of unsaturated oils.
Saponification value, iodine value, acid value. Soaps, synthetic detergents, alkyl and aryl
sulphonates. Addition or chain-growth polymerization. Free radical vinyl polymerization,
ionic vinyl polymerization, Ziegler-Natta polymerization and vinyl polymers.
Condensation or step growth polymerization. Polyesters, polyamides, phenol
formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins and polyurethanes
Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry by Morrison & Boyd
2. Organic Chemistry by Behal & Behal
3. Text Book of Organic Chemistry by M.K. Jain
4. Polymer Chemistry by P. Bahadur and N.V. Shastri.
PAPER III: CH-303 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – III

Unit I: Elementary Quantum Mechanics
Black-body radiation, Planck’s radiation law, photoelectric effect. Compton effect, De
Broglie hypothesis, the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Schrodinger wave equation and
its importance, physical interpretation of wave function.
Adsorption: Difference between adsorption, absorption and sorption, Chemisorption,
adsorbent and adsorbate, reversible and irreversible adsorption, characteristics of
adsorption, adsorption of gases by solids, factors affecting adsorption, types of adsorption,
types of adsorption isotherms, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Numericals
Unit II:Spectroscopy
Introduction: electromagnetic radiation, regions of the spectrum, Basic features of different
Spectrometers, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, degrees of freedom.
Rotational Spectrum: Diatomic molecules, Energy levels of a rigid rotator (semi-classical
principles), selection rules, spectral intensity, distribution using population distribution
(Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) determination of bond length, qualitative description of
non-rigid rotator, isotope effect. Numericals.
Unit III: Vibration and Raman Spectroscopy
Vibrational Spectrum: Infrared spectrum: Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator,
selection rules, pure vibrational spectrum, intensity, determination of force constant and
qualitative relation of force constant and bond energies, effect of anharmonic motion and
isotope on the spectrum.
Raman Spectroscopy: concept of polarizability, pure rotational and pure vibrational Raman
spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules. Numericals.
Unit IV: Electronic Spectrum: Origin of electronic spectrum, Selection rules, vibrational
course structure and rotational fine structures considering no interaction of rotational and
vibrational energies. qualitative description of selection rules and Franck-Condon
principle.
Photochemistry: Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and
photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry: Grothus – Drapper law, Stark –
Einstein law, Jablonski diagram depicting various processes occurring in the excited state,
qualitative description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes (internal
conversion, intersystem crossing), quantum yield, photosensitized reactions – energy
transfer processes ( simple examples). Numericals
Unit V: Solid State
Crystal state, classification of crystals, space lattice, unit cell.
Laws of crystallography – (i) Law of constancy of interfacial angles (ii) Law of rationality
of indices (iii) Law of symmetry. Symmetry elements in crystals.
X-ray diffraction by crystals. Derivation of Bragg equation. Determination of crystal
structure of NaCl, KCl and CsCl (Laue’s method and powder method). Numericals.
Books Suggested:
1. The Elements of Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, Oxford.
2. Physical Chemistry Through problems, S.K. Dogra and S. Dogra, Wiley Eastern
3. Ltd.
4. Principles of Physical Chemistry, B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S. Pathania,
5. Shobhan Lal Nagin Chand & Co.
6. Physical Chemistry by S.C.Ameta, A.V.Singh, R.Ameta, R.Mathur
7. Bhotic Rasayan by K.R. Genwa, RBD, Jaipur.
CH 304 Laboratory Course – III
Inorganic Chemistry:
Preparations: [5]
Micro cosmic salt., Tetraaminecopper(II) sulphate, Nickel ammonium sulphate, Sodium
thiosulphate, Chrome Alum, Ferrous Sulphate, Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate
Organic Chemistry:
(a) Qualitative Analysis: - Analysis of an organic mixture is containing two solid components,
using water, NaHCO3 and NaOH for separation. [15]
(b) Synthesis of organic compounds:- [10]
(i) Acetylation of salicylic acid, aniline and p-nitroacetanilide.
(ii) Preparation of iodoform from ethanol and acetone.
(iii) Diazotization/Coupling of primary aromatic amines (aniline).
(iv) Preparation of methyl orange.
(c) Thin Layer Chromatography [10]
(i) Separation of dyes
(ii) Separation of green leaf (Spinach) pigments.
Physical Chemistry [15]
(a) Colloids: To determine precipitation value for the following sols and also verify Hardy’s
Schultz law (i) As2S3 Sol (ii) Fe (OH)3 Sol .
(b) Distribution law: To determine the partition coefficient of benzoic acid between water and
benzene at R.T.
(c) Adsorption: To study the adsorption of acetic acid by activated charcoal and verify the
Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Viva [5]
Record [15]
Books Suggested (Laboratory Courses):
1. Practical Chemistry, S.Giri, D.N.Bajpai and O.P.Pandey Publ. S. Chand
2. Experimental Organic Chemistry Vol I & II, P.R. Singh, D.S. Gupta and K.S. Bajpai, Tata
McGraw Hill.
3. Laboratory Manual in Organic Chemistry, R.K. Bansal, Wiley Eastern.
4. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, V. Rogers,
P.W.G. Smith and A.R. Tatchell, ELBS.
5. Experiments in General Chemistry, C.N.R. Rao and U.C. Agarwal, East-West Press.
6. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behra, Tata McGraw Hill.
7. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, J.B. Yadav, Goel Publishing House.
8. Advanced Experimental Chemistry, Vol. I-Physical, J.N. Gurtu and R. Kapoor, S. Chand & Co.
Examination & Marking Scheme
Time: 5 hours Max. Marks: 75 Min. Pass Marks: 27
Regular Student Ex- Student
Inorganic Preparation 05 05
Qualitative Analysis 15 15
Organic Synthesis 10 10
Chromatography 10 10
Physical Experiment 15 15
Viva- Voice 5 5
Sessional and Record 15 …
-------- -----------
Total 75 60*
*To be converted out of 75
GEOLOGY 2016
Theory
Paper I Economic Geology 50 Marks
Paper I I Structural Geology 50 Marks
Paper I II Applied Geology 50 Marks
Practicals : Practical Examination 75 Marks
____________________________
Total 225 Marks
____________________________
Duration of each theory paper Examination 3 Hrs.
Duration of Practical Examination 3 Hrs.
PAPER I : ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

Unit I: Ore forming process and deposits : Magmatic Concentration, Pegmatite, Contact
metasomatism (including Skarns), Hydrothermal process and deposits.
Unit II: Ore forming process and deposits : Sedimentation (Chemical Precipation and
Evaporation), Weathering (Residual and Mechanical Concentration), Oxidation and
Supergene sulphide enrichment. Volcanogenic, Metamorphic and Biogenic Process and
deposits.
Unit III: Geological setup and economic aspects of ( a ) Gold deposits of India (including
Kolar Gold Field), ( b ) Lead Zinc and Copper deposits of India (including Zawar,
Rajpura-Dariba, Malanjkhand, Khetri and Singhbhum deposits) ( c ) Iron and manganese
deposits of India ( d ) Aluminium, Chromium, Tin and Tungsten deposits of India.
Physical properties, mode of occurrence and genesis, Indian location and economic use of
following Ore minerals : Native Gold, Galena, Sphalerite, Chalcopyrite, Limonite
(Gossan), Magnetite, Hematite, Pyrolusite, Psilomelane, Wed Ore, Bauxite, Chromite,
Wolframite and Casseterite.
Unit VI: Description of minerals used in the industries including, Cement, Fertilizer,
Refrecatory, Abrassive, and Gem Stones.
Introduction of mineral used in industries including, Glass and Ceramics, Paint and Pegments,
Insulator, Electronic and Building Stones.
Physical properties, mode of occurrence and genesis, economic use and Indian location of
following industrial minerals and rocks : Apatite, Phosphorite, Pyrite, Gypsum, Diamond,
Zircon, Kyanite, Magnesite, Garnet, Corundum, Quartz, Feldspar, Asbestos, Wollastonite,
Talc, Fluorite, Barite, Muscovite, Ochur, Malachite, Azurite, Graphite. Limestone, Marble
and Granite.
Unit V: Energy Minerals : (A) Coal : Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal, classification of
coals, ranks of coal, Origin of coal. Indian coal fields (B) Petroleum : Origin of Petroleum.
Petroleum geology of Bombay High, Cambey basin, Northeastern India and Barmer-
Sanchor basin, (C) Nuclear Minerals : Types and Origin of various uranium and
Thorium deposits. Geology of Jaduguda uranium deposit. Coastal Thorium Sand deposits.
PAPER II : STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

Unit I: Concept of Bed, Dip and Strike, True and Apparent dips. Toposheet, Clinometer,
Brunton compass. Geological Map definition and components. Methods of geological
mapping in the field. Determination of thickness of bed, dip and strike in the Geological
map. Preparation of cross section of Geological maps.
Unit II: Determination of top and bottom of Sedimentary beds. Outlier, Inlier, Overlap and
Offlap structures. Stereographic projection and its use in Structural analysis.
Unit III: Fold : Definition and morphology. Geometric and genetic classifications. Elementary
idea about mechanism of folding. Recognition of folds in map and field.
Unit IV: Faults : Definition. Terminology of parts. Classifications. Effect of faulting on
outcrops. Recognition of faults in map and field.
Unit V: Unconformities : types and recognition. Joints : Characteristics and Types. Cleavage,
Schistosity and Lineation : types and their significance to recognize the major structures.
PAPER III : APPLIED GEOLOGY

Unit I: Environmental Geology : Concept of natural ecosystem, Intraction and interrelation of
Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere. Soils. Hydrological cycle.
Remote Sensing : Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. Preparation and study of areal photographs
for Geomorphology, Structural geology and Lithology. Preparation of Geological map
using Remote sensing. Applications of Remote sensing.
Unit II: Groundwater hydrology : Groundwater and Surface water reservoirs. Aquifer,
Aquiclude and Aquifuge. Darcy’s law and its validity. Groundwater provinces of
Rajasthan and India. Watershed management and linking of rivers. Quality of
groundwater.
Unit III: Engineering Geology :Types and terminology of Dams and Tunnels. Geological
considerations to locate dams and tunnels including (a) structural geology (b) Lithology
and (c) Groundwater.
Geological disasters : Earthquakes and Tsunami, Volcano, Flood and Landslide.
Unit VI: Mineral exploration : Surface and subsurface exploration methods.Remote sensing
and exploratory mapping. Geophysical exploration : Gravity, Electrical, Magnetic, and
Seismic methods of exploration. Geobotanical and geochemical methods of exploration.
Drilling: Types, logging and problems.
Unit V: Principles of mineral economics : National policy. Strategic, critical and essential
minerals. mineral production in India. Changing pattern of mineral consumption. Mineral
concession rules. Marine mineral resources and Law of sea.
PRACTICALS
1. Physical properties, mode of occurrence and genesis, Indian location and economic use of
Metallic minerals (ores).
2. Physical properties, mode of occurrence and genesis, Indian location and economic use of Non
Metallic (industrial Minerals) and Coals.
3. Preparation of map showing distribution of important economic deposits.
4. Preparation of Cross section of Geological maps and/or completion of outcrop maps.
5. Use of Stereographic projections for Structural geology.
6. Sessional Marks.
SUGGESTED READING
Jenson M and Bateman A M ‘Economic Mineral Deposits’. John Wiley and Sons
Newyork.
2. Gokhle KVand GK Rao ‘Ore Deposits of India,. Thomson Press
3. Vyas GK ‘Arthik Bhu Vigyan’. Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy
4. Manjrekar RP ‘Arthik Evam Vyavharik Bhu Vigyan’. Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth
Academy
Rakshpal R. ‘Bharat ki Khaniz Sampda Evam Udyog’. Rajasthan Hindi Granth Academy
6. Billings M. P. ‘Structural Geology’
Shrivastava D.K. Sanrachnatmak Bhu Vigyan Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth
Academy
8. Arogyaswami RNP ‘Mining Geology’ CBS publishers
9. Todd ‘Groundwater Hydrology’
10. Todd D. K. ‘Bhaum Jal Vigyan’ Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy
11. Satyanarayan Swami B. S. 2000 : ‘Engineerig Geology’ Dhampat Rai and Cop Delhi
Pandey SN 1987 ‘Principles and Applications of Photogeology’ Wiley Eastern New Delhi
PHYSICS
THEORY
Pd/W Exam. Max.
(45mts.) Hours Marks
150
Phy.301 Paper I Solid State Physics 2 3 50
Phy.302 Paper II Nuclear Physics 2 3 50
Phy.303 Paper III Relativity and 2 3 50
Electrodynamics
PRACTICAL 6 5 75
TOTAL: 225
PAPER I : SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Note: The question paper for the examination will be divided in three parts i.e., Section – A, Section –
B and Section – C.
Section – A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will be two questions from each
unit and answer of each question shall be limited upto 30 words. Each question will carry 1
mark.
Section – B: Will consist of 10 questions. Two questions from each unit will be set and students
will answer one question from each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited upto 250
words. Each question carry 3.5 marks.
Section – C: Will consist of total 05 questions. The paper setter will set one question from each
Unit and students will answer any 03 questions and answer of each question shall be limited
upto 500 words. Each question will carry 7.5 marks.
Unit I:Crystal structure : Different terms of crystal structure, Fundamental types of lattices,
Two and three dimensional lattice types; Seven system of crystals, Characteristics of sc,
bcc, fcc, hcp; Miller indices, orientation of planes in cubic lattices; Distribution of Atoms
in atomic planes of cubic lattices. Distance between successive planes; Von-Laue’s
equations of diffraction of X-rays, Bragg’s Law, scattering from lattice of point-atoms.
Scattering factor. Geometrical Scattering factor for sc, bcc, fcc. Reciprocal lattice and its
properties.
Unit II:Crystal binding and lattice vibrations : Inter-atomic forces of solids. Crystal of inert
gases, cohesive energy and bulk modulus. Ionic crystals, Madelung energy and bulk
modulus. Covalent crystals. Hydrogen bonded crystals, Atomic radii. Concept of
phonons Vibration of monatomic lattices, lattice with two atoms per primitive cell. Local
phonon modes. Density of states in one dimension, three dimensions, lattice heat capacity
for Einstein model, Debye model.
Unit III:Free Electron theory of metals : Free electron model, Density of states of electron gas,
Fermi-Dirac distribution function, effect of temperature on Fermi-Dirac distribution
function, Fermi energy at absolute zero temperature and low temperature. Electron heat
capacity. Thermionic emission. Boltzmann transport equation, Sommerfeld theory of
electrical conductivity, Thermal conductivity, Wiedmann-Franz Law. Hall effect.
Unit IV:Band theory: Formation of bands and origin of energy gap, Bloch theorem, Kronig
Penney model, crystal momentum and velocity of an electron. Effective mass of electrons.
Electrons and holes. Number of states in a band, insulator, semi-conductor and metal.
Construction of Brillouin Zones and Fermi-surfaces. Fermi levels in intrinsic, n- type and
p- type semi-conductors, Mass action Law. The static dielectric constants of solids.
Local electric field at an atom.
Unit V:Magnetism : Diamagnetism and Larmor precession, classical theory of diamagnetism,

Para-magnetism and its classical theory, free electron theory. Molecular theory of
ferromagnetism.
Experimental Survey of Superconductivity : Zero resistance, persistent currents, effect of
magnetic fields, flux exclusion, Intermediate state, Entropy effect, frequency effects,
Gyromagnetic ratio, Isotope effect. Occurrence of superconductivity. Thermoelectric
effects, thermal conductivity. High temperature oxide, superconductors and their
properties. BCS theory (elementary idea without mathematical derivation), Magnetic
levitation.
Books Suggested:
1. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley Eastern.
2. A.J. Dekker: Solid State Physics, McMillian India.
3. L. Azaroff: Theory of Solids.
PAPER II: NUCLEAR PHYSICS
mark.
Unit I:Rutherford scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model. Constituents of nucleus,

discovery of neutron. Mass of proton and neutron. Measurement of charge radius (i) by
Hofstadier experiment, (ii) by electron scattering method, (iii) by Mesonic X-ray Method.
Measurement of potential radius (i) from lifetime of -emitters (ii) from neutron scattering
experiment. Variation of nuclear radius with mass number A. Nuclear spin and parity,
Magnetic dipole moment of nuclei, Rabi’s method for determination of nuclear magnetic
moment. Electric quadrupole moment of nucleus.
Unit II:Mass defect, Mass difference, packing fraction and binding energy of nucleus. Plot of
binding energy per nucleon against mass number. Liquid drop model of Nucleus.
WEIZSACHER’s Semi Empirical Mass formula (Volume, Surface, Coloumb – asymmetry
and pairing energy terms). Predication of stability against beta-decay for members of an
isobaric family. Stability limits against spontaneous fission. Energetic of Symmetric
fission.
Unit III:The law of radioactive decay, statistical nature of radioactivity. Radio active growth
and decay. Ideal equilibrium, transient equilibrium and secular equilibrium Radioactive
series.
Types of nuclear reactions (only qualitative statement). The balance of Mass and energy
in nuclear reactions. Q equation. Solution of the Q equations, concept of centre of mass in
nuclear reaction, view of proton-proton collision and neutron-nucleus collision in CM
frame.
Unit IV: Alpha decay: Disintegration Energy, Range of -particles, Geiger Nuttal’s Law. -
spectrum and fine structure. Long range - particles, - particles paradox–Barrier
penetration, Gamow Theory of -emission.
Beta Decay: -ray spectrometer (principle and working). -ray spectrum ;and its
qualitative explanation.
Nuclear Energy: Nuclear induced fission, energy released in fission of U 235. Fission
chain reaction, Neutron cycle in a thermal reactor. Four factor formula. Elementary idea
of nuclear reactors. Nuclear fusion; fusion in stars, carbon and pp cycle problems of
controlled fusion.
Unit V: Radiation Detectors: Introduction of various Methods used in detection of nuclear

radiation. Detailed description of principle and working of following detectors based on
detection of free-charge carriers – (i) Ionization Chamber, (ii) Proportional Counter,
[iii) Geiger-Muller Counters, dead time, recovery time and paralysis time.
Particle accelerators: Principle and working of Vande-Graff Generators Cyclotron and
linear accelerators.
Elementary Particles: Properties of particles, Classification into leptons, mesons and
baryons, conservation laws (only qualitative discussion) energy, momentum, angular
momentum, charge, Lepton numbers, Iso-spin, Strangeness and Baryon number. Quark
model (only qualitative idea).
Books suggested:
4. Alonso & Finn: Fundamental University Physics – Vol. III, Addision Wesley.
5. S.N. Ghoshal : Atomic & Nuclear Physics – Vol. II, S. Chand, New Delhi.
PAPER III: RELATIVITY AND ELECTRODYNAMICS
mark.
Unit I:Electromagnetic Waves: Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, Electromagnetic

wave equation, Poynting theorem, Plane Electromagnetic waves in free space, wave
impedance of free space, Propagation of plane Electromagnetic waves in non-conducting
and conducting media, Skin depth, propagation of Electromagnetic waves in ionized
gases, Polarization of Electromagnetic waves.
Unit II:Reflection and Refraction of Electromagnetic waves: Boundary conditions at the

surface of discontinuity, reflection and refraction of Electromagnetic waves at the interface
of non-conducting media, Fresnel’s equations and their experimental verification,
reflection and transmission coefficients, Brewster’s Law and degree of polarization, total
internal reflection, phase difference between parallel and perpendicular components and
polarization of the reflected wave, reflection from a conducting plane.
Unit III:Interaction of Electromagnetic waves with matter: Normal and anomalous dispersion
of light, empirical relations, Lorentz theory of dispersion of gases, experimental
demonstration of anomalous dispersion in gases, scattering of electromagnetic waves and
scattering parameters, Thomson, resonant and Rayleigh’s scattering cross-section,
polarization of scattered light, coherent and incoherent scattered light, dispersion in
liquids and solids, Claussius Mossotti equation and Lorentz-Lorentz formula.
Unit IV:Relativistic Mechanics: Coordinate transformation, contravariant and covariant

vectors, tensors of second and higher rank, addition, subtraction, contraction, outer and
inner product of tensors, covariance of tensor equations, Minkowski space, geometrical
interpretation of Lorentz transformation, space like and time like intervals, four vectors,
four dimensional gradient, divergence and curl operators, four-velocity, four-acceleration,
four-momentum, four-force, relativistic classification of particles.
Unit V:Relativistic Electrodynamics: Invariance of charge, transformation of surface charge
density, transformation of volume-charge density and current density, Equation of
continuity in the covariant form, Scalar and vector potentials, Transformation of
Electromagnetic potentials, Lorentz condition and its covariant form, Electromagnetic
field tensor, Covariance of Maxwell’s equations, Transformation of Electro-Magnetic
fields, Lorentz-force in a covariant form, Electromagnetic field due to a moving charge.
Books suggested:
6. S.P. Puri: Electrodynamics, Tata McGraw Hill.
7. J.D. Jackson: Classical Electro-dynamics, John Wisely, New York
8. B.B. Laud: Electromagnetic, John Wisely, New York
9. E.C. Jordan: Electromagnetic waves, PHI, New Delhi
10. D. J. Griffiths: Introduction to Electrodynamics, PHI
Practicals
Note: These Practicals are divided into three sections, Lab. A, Lab. B & Lab. C.
1. Lab. A is for all students.
2. Lab. B is only for the students having Electronics as an optional subject in B. Sc.
3. Lab. C is for all the students except those who offer Electronics as an optional subject.
Examination Scheme for Laboratory Work:

1. Students with Electronics shall be examined in one experiment from each of Lab. A and Lab. B.
2. Students with Combinations not involving Electronics shall be examined in one experiment of
Lab. A and one experiment from Lab. C
LAB. A: PHYSICS PRACTICALS
1. Determination of Planck’s constant using solar cell/ LED.
2. Determination of Stefan’s constant (B-B method).
3. Study of characteristics of a GM counter and verification of inverse square law for the same
strength of a radioactive source.
4. Determination of coefficient of rigidity as a function of temperature using torsional oscillator
(resonance method).
5. e/m measurement by Helical Method.
6. Measurement of magnetic field using Ballistic galvanometer and search coil.
7. Measurement of electric charge by Millikan’s oil drop method.
8. To study hysteresis loss of transformer by B-H curve using CRO.
9. Determination of dielectric constant of solids and liquids.
10. Determination of velocity of sound in air.
11. Verification of Cauchy’s formula.
12. Study of Lissajous patterns.
13. Determination of separation of plates of Etalon using spectrometer.
14. To verify Fresnel’s formula for the reflection of light.
LAB. B: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

The following exercises to be performed using MS Excel software
1. Solution of given differential equation using Euler’s method.
2. Solution of given equation in one variable using Newton – Raphson method.
3. Calculating value of ex for given x using series expansion.
4. Calculating value of sin(x) for given x using series expansion.
5. Evaluating integral of given function using Simpson’s Method.
6. Plotting time displacement graph for projectile motion.
7. Calculating mean and standard deviation of given data.
LAB. C: ELECTRONICS
1. Study of ripple factor for shunt capacitor, series inductor, L-section and  section filters using
full wave rectifier circuit.
2. Study of frequency response of single stage transistor amplifier (variation of gain with
frequency).
3. Study the characteristics of field effect transistor (FET).
4. Study the negative feedback effect on voltage gain, and input and output impedances of the
amplifier.
5. Study of operational amplifier (OP-AMP).
6. Study of RC circuits as integrating and differentiating systems with Square input.
7. Study of series and parallel LCR resonance circuit.
8. Design and Voltage study of AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates circuits using diodes and
transistors.
9. Design and study of RC phase shift oscillator.
10. Transient Analysis of C-R and L-R circuit.
11. Determination of parameter of transformer.
Note: - New experiments may be added on availability of equipments.
ELECTRONICS 2016
THEORY
Pd/W Exam. Max.
150
Elec. 301 Paper I Audio and Video systems 2 3 50
Elec. 302 Paper II Electronic Instrumentation 2 3 50
Elec. 303 Paper III Digital computer 2 3 50

electronics
PRACTICAL 6 5 75
Total 225
PAPER I: AUDIO AND VIDEO SYSTEMS
mark.
Unit I: Radio Receiver: Characteristics and their measurements, tuned radio frequency receiver,
frequency translation, superheterodyne receiver – block diagrams, typical transistor
receiver circuit – explanation of various stages, FM receiver, trouble shooting and
servicing of radio receiver, no sound, weak and noisy receiver, stereo transmission and
reception.
Unit II:Televison transmission: Broadcast channels, picture scanning, frequency band and
resolution, camera tubes, block diagrams of transmitter and explanation of each block,
colour transmission.
Unit III:Television Receiver: Scanning sequence and interlacing, synchronization and
blanking, block diagrams of colour and monochrome receivers and explanation of each
block, video tap recording and reproduction, troubles and trouble shooting.
Unit IV:Sound recording and reproduction: Construction of microphones and speakers, block
diagrams of a tape recording system, recording, playback and erasing processes, tape
transport system, trouble in tape transport system and magnetic heads of tape recorders,
disc recording, Hi- Fi systems and stereophony system.
Unit V:Radar system: Basic radar system, radar range equation, pulsed radar system, Doppler
effect. CW Doppler radar system, moving target indicator principle, FM radar system.
satellite communication : orbital satellites, geo stationery satellite, orbital patterns, look angles,
orbital spacing , satellite systems. link modules
PAPER II: ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
mark.
Unit I:Wave shaping circuits: Waveform terminology, RC wave shaping circuits,

Differentiation and integration of step, pulse and square wave inputs, clipping and
clamping circuits.
Unit II: Wave form generators: Astable, monostable and bistable multivibrators, Schmitt
trigger, UJT as sawtooth waveform generator, synchronisation, general features of a time
base signal, simple voltage and current sweep circuits.
Unit III: Regualted power supplies and controlled rectification : voltage regulation using
transistors, Op-Amps and IC’s, Controlled rectification using SCR, current rating of SCR,
DIAC and TRIAC, phase control circuits
Unit IV:Laboratory Equipments: Standard signal generators, FETVM, digital voltmeter, digital
multimeter, frequency counter, harmonic distortion – tuned circuit harmonic distortion
analyzer, heterodyne harmonic analyzer, data acquisition system.
Unit V: Pulse height analysis : SCA and MCA, nuclear electronics systems, scintillation
detectors, radiation counter, origin of bio-electric signals, ECG, cardiac monitor,
sonography
PAPER III: DIGITAL COMPUTER ELECTRONICS
mark.
Unit I:Number system and basic logic circuits : Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal, BCD,
ASCII and gray codes and their inter-conversion, basic logic gates and their electronic circuits
(DTL and TTL), Boolean Algebra, De’Morgan theorems, study of logic circuit, Karnaugh
Map.
Unit II:Building blocks of Computer : Half adder and full adder, half substractor, RS flip flop,
clocked RS flip flop, D flip flop, JK flip flop, JK master slave flip flop, level clock versus
edge triggered clock, counters and shift registers, multiplexer, demultiplexer, decoder and
encoder.
Unit III:Memories: Semiconductor memories, RAM, ROM, magnetic drum memory, magnetic
disc, floppy disc, magnetic tape, magnetic bubble and CCD type memories, Hard disk,
optical disk. Main and secondary memory, cache memory.
Unit IV: Microcomputer Architecture: Organisation of 8085 microprocessor: Registers, ALU,

bus organization, memory and instruction set, architecture of simple I/O devices, minimum
micro computer system, simple examples of 8085 programming.
Unit V: Data transfer: Types of data transfer, DMA data transfer, interrupts of 8085 and their
interfacing, D/A conversion: Basic principles, weighted register method and R-2R ladder
method, A/D conversion: counter method and SAR method.
Books Suggested:
B. Ram, Fundamental of Microprocessor and Microcomputers, Dhanpat Rai Publications, New
Delhi
A.P. Malvino, Digital Computer Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill
A.P. Malvino and D. Leach, Digital Principle and applications, Tata McGraw Hill
Morris-Mano, Computer System Architecture, PHI
R. S. Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications. Wiley Eastern
Ltd
Experiments for Practical Work

The practical work is divided into two parts, namely (A) Laboratory experiments and (B)
Project, laboratory experiments will carry 30 marks and the project will carry 20 marks
Part A
1. AM Modulation and demodulation

2. Study of filp- flop circuits
3. RC Phase shift Oscillators
4. Hartley Oscillators
5. UJT Relaxation Oscillator
6. Differential and Integrating Circuits
7. Clipping and Clamping Circuits
8. Free running Multi-vibrator
9. Various logic Gates
10. 555 Timer application as Astable, monostable multivibrator
11. Simple exercise on microprocessors
12. Study of Timing circuit using IC555
13. Study of various characteristics of Radio receivers.
14. FM modulation and Demodulation.
15. Schmitt trigger circuit.
16. Study of registers and counters.
17. Study of multiplexer and demultiplexer.
18. Study of TV receiver
19. Study of log and antilog amplifier
Part B: PROJECT
Note: - New experiments may be added on availability of equipments.
COMPUTER SCIENCE 2015
THEORY
Pd/W Exam. Max.
150
CS. 301 Paper I Computer Organisation –II 2 3 50
CS. 302 Paper II Programming Language C and C++ 2 3 50
CS. 303 Paper III Computer Graphics 2 3 50
PRACTICAL
CS. 304 Advanced Computer Lab 6 5 75
Total 225
PAPER I: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION – II
mark.
Unit I: Microprogram Control Organisation: Control memory, Address sequencing

microprogram and its sequencing, microinstruction formats. Software aids, Advantages
and applications of microprogramming.
Unit II: Arithmetic processors; Addition and subtraction Algorithms, multiplication and
division Algorithms for arithmetic with 2’s compliment, floating point arithmetic and
decimal arithmetic operations and their hardware implementation.
Unit III: 8086 & other microprocessors; Organisation of 8086 –Instruction set, addressing
modes and instruction codes, assembler directives and pseudo instructions, simple
assembly language programming examples, interfacing with I/O and memories, 8086
interrupts and DMA.
Unit IV: Memory Organisation : Auxiliary memory, microcomputer memory, memory
hierarchy, Associative memory, virtual memory, Cache memory, Memory mangement.
Unit V:Analog interface : O.P.- AMP basics, D/A converter , DAC 0800, successive
approximation, A/D converter–ADC 0801, software handshaking, Hardware handshaking,
successive approximation with software, voltage controlled oscillator, sample and hold
circuits.
PAPER II: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE C AND C++
mark.
Unit I:Programming language C: structure of C program, Identifiers and keywords, data types,
constants, arithmetic operations, library functions, expressions, input/output statements:
getchar and putchar, scanf and printf, relational and logical operators, unary operators,
hierarchy of operations.
Unit II:Transfer of control: IF-else statement, Switch statement, Goto statement, iterative
statements: While, Do-while, For statement, nested loops, break statements, Arrays:
definitions, one-dimensional and multi-dimensional, functions; define and accessing a
function, arguments of a function, passing arguments and array to a function, recursion.
Unit III:Pointers: pointer declaration, operations on pointers, pointers to array, array of

pointers, passing pointers to a function, user defined data types: structures, defining a
structure, processing a structure, structure and pointers, passing structure to a function
unions, Introduction to C++, Basic data types, Derived data types, reference variables,
Input/ Output statements in C++.
Unit IV: Operators in C++, manipulators, type cast operator, functions in C++, main function,
function prototyping, call by reference, return by reference, inline functions, friend
function, virtual functions. Class data type, creating objects, member functions, private
member functions, static data members, static member functions, pointers to members.
Unit V:Constructors, multiple constructors in a class, copy and dynamic constructors,

distructors, operator overloading, type conversions: Basic to class, class to basic and class
to class. Inheritence, single inheritance, multilevel inheritence, multiple inheritence,
hierachical inheritence, hybrid inheritance, pointers to objects.
Paper III: COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Note : The question paper for the examination will be divided in three parts i.e., Section – A, Section –
mark.
Unit I:Geometry and Line Generation: Points and lines, line segments, vectors, pixels and
frame buffer, vector generation, DDA algorithm, Bresenham’s algorithm, antialiasing of
lines, thick lines, character generation.
Unit II: Graphic Primitives: Display devices, display file structure, and interpreters, normalized
device coordinates, entering commands in display file, display file interpreter, entering
text, line style, entering Polygons in display file.
Unit III:Transformation: Matrices, scaling transformation, angles, rotation, homogeneous
coordinates, coordinate translations, coordinate transformation, rotation about arbitrary
point, inverse transformations, transformation routines.
Unit I: Segmentation: Segment, segment creation, image transformations, saving and showing
of segments, windowing and Clipping; window and view port, Viewing transformations,
clipping, Cohen Sutherland algorithms.
Unit V:Graphic interactions: Principle and working of common interactive graphic devices,
selectors and locators, Mouse, Joystick, light pen and tablet.
3D-Graphics : Introduction, geometrical and coordinate transformations, rotation about an
arbitrary axis, various kinds of projections, parallel and perspective projections, viewing
parameters, special projections.
Books suggested:
Rajaraman: Computer Programming in C, Prentice Hall of India
Gottfried, B.: Programming with C, Schaum’s Outline Series, Tata McGraw Hill
Balguruswamy, E.: Programming in ANSI C, Tata McGraw Hill
Harrington S.: Computer Graphics. A Programming Approach, McGraw Hill
Hearn D. and Baker: Computer Graphics, Prentice Hall of India
Morris Mano: Computer System Architecture, Pren tice Hall of India
Hall,D.V.: Microprocessor and Interfacing, Tata Mcgraw Hill.
Balguruswamy, E.: Object Oriented Programming with C++ in ANSI C, Tata McGraw Hill
Experiments for Practical Work
ADVANCE COMPUTER LABORATORY (Programming Language C++)
1. Write a program to show the use of arithmetic operations and library functions in evaluating
expressions.
2. Write a program to show the use of input and output statements.
3. Write a program to show the use of if-else statement.
4. Write a program to show the use of switch and case statements.
5. Write a program to show the use of one dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays.
6. Write a program to show the use of while statements.
7. Write a program to show the use of do-while statements.
8. Write a program to show the use of for statements.
9. Write a program to show the use of functions.
10. Write a program to show the use of recursion.
11. Write a program to create a linked list using pointers.
12. Write a program to define and use a structure.
13. Write a program to find roots of an equation by Newton-Raphson method.
14. Write a program to short a list of data using selection sort.
15. Write a program to manipulate strings.
16. Write a C++ program to show the use of class & object.
17. Write a C++ program to show the use of operator overloading.
18. Write a C++ program to show the use of pointers to objects.
19. Write a C++ program to show the inheritance.
MATHEMATICS 2016
Paper I : Abstract Algebra
Paper II : Analysis and Laplace Transforms
Paper III : Mechanics II (Dynamics of Rigid Bodies and Hydrostatics)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Each theory paper is divided in three parts i.e. Section – A, Section – B and Section
–C
Section A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will be two questions from each
unit and answer of each question shall be limited up to 30 words. Each question will carry 2
marks.
Section B: Will consist of 10 questions. Each unit will be having two question; students will
answer one question from each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited up to 250 words.
Each question will carry 5 marks.
Section C: Will consist of total 05 questions one from each unit. Students will answer any 03
questions and answer of each question shall be limited up to 500 words. Each question will
carry 10 marks.
Total Marks: 75
PAPER I: ABSTRACT ALGEBRA
Unit I:Definition and example of groups. General properties of groups, Order of an element of
a group. Permutations : Even and Odd permutations. Groups of permutations. Cycle group,
Isomorphism, Isomorphism of cyclic groups, Cayley’s theorem.
Unit II: Subgroups, Cosets, Lagrange’s theorem, Product Theorem of subgroups, Conjugate
elements, conjugate complexes, Central of a groups, Normaliser of an element and of a
complex. Normal subgroups, quotient Groups, Commutator subgroup of a group.
Homomorphism, Fundamental theorem of homomorphism.
Unit III: Definition and kinds of rings, Integral domain, Division ring, Field, Subring of a ring,
Subfield of a field. Characteristic of a ring and field.
Unit IV: Ideals of a ring, Quotient rings, Prime fields, Prime ideals, Field of quotients of an
integral domain, Definition and examples of a vector space, subspace of a vector space,
Linear combination and linear space, Linear dependence and independence of vectors.
Direct product of vector spaces and internal direct sums of subspaces.
Unit V: Bases and dimension of a finitely generated spaces, Quotient space, Isomorphism,
Linear transformation (Homomorphism), Rank and nullity of linear transformation.
Suggested Books
Sharma, G.C. : Modern Algebra; Ram Prasad & Sons, Agra.

Bansal & Bhargava : Abstract Algebra (Hindi Ed. ); Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
Agarwal, R.S. : Text Book on Modern Algebra; S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
Gokhroo & Saini : Abstract Algebra (Hindi Ed. ); Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
PAPER II: ANALYSIS AND LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Unit I: Dedekinds theory of real numbers. Linear sets. Upper and Lower bounds, Limiting
points, Weierstrass’s theorem. Derived sets, Enumerable Sets, Open and Closed sets.
Unit II: Theory of Riemann integration, Darboux theorem. Fundamental theorem of integral
calculus, Mean value theorem of integral calculus.
Unit III: Functions, Limits, and continuity. Differentiability, Concept of an analytic function,
Cartesian and Polar form of Cauchy-Riemann equations. Harmonic function, Conjugate
function, Laplace’s differential equations, Orthogoanl system, Construction of analytic
functions. Power Series: Absolute convergence of power series, circle and radius of
convergence of power series, sum function of a power series.
Unit IV: Basic definition and Properties of complex integration Complex integration as the sum
of two line integrals, Inequality for complex integrals. Curves in complex plane, Cauchy-
Goursat theorem, Connected regions, Indefinite integral (or Anti Derivative). Derivative of
Single-valued functions F(z). Cauchy’s integral formula, Extension of Cauchy’s integral
formula to multiconnected, regions, Cauchy’s integral formula for the derivative of an
analytic function, Successive derivative of an analytic function, Morera’s Theorem.
Liouville’s Theorem, Poisson’s integral formula.
Unit V: Laplace Transforms and Inverse Laplace Transforms. Laplace transforms of derivatives
and integrals. Shifting theorems. Convolution theorem. Applications of Laplace Transform
to the solution of differential equations.
Suggested Books
Shanti Narayan: Real Analysis; S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.

G.N.Purohit: Real Analysis; Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
Bhargava, Goyal: Real Analysis (Hindi Ed.); Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
Gokhroo, Saini, Ozgha: Real Analysis (Hindi Ed.); Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
Shanti Narayan: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable; S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.
Gupta, K.P. : Complex Analysis; Pragati Prakashan; Meerut
Gokhroo, Saini & Yadav: Complex Analysis (Hindi Ed.); Navkar Publication, Ajmer
G.N. Purohit: Complex Analysis; Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
S. Ponnusamy: Foundations of Complex Analysis, Narosa Publishing House, Bombay, New
Delhi.
V. Karunakaran: Complex Analysis, Narosa Publishing House. Bombay, New Delhi (2002).
N.Levinson and R.M. Redheffer: Complex Variables, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi (1980).
PAPER III: MECHANICS – II

(DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES AND HYDROSTATICS)
Unit I: Moments and Products of inertia. D’Alemberts’ principle, the general equations of
motion of a rigid body, Motion of the center intertia and motion relative to the center of
inertia. Motion about a fixed axis under finite forces.
Unit II: The compound Pendulum. Reaction of the Axis of rotation. Motion of a rigid body in
two dimension under finite forces.
Unit III: Fluids and Fluid Pressure, homogeneous and heterogeneous fluids, Surface of equal
pressure, fluid at rest under action of gravity, Fluid pressure on Plane surfaces.
Unit IV: Centre of pressure, resultant pressure on curved surfaces.
Unit V: Equilibrium of floating bodies, Centre of buoyancy, Surface of buoyancy. Stability of
equilibrium of floating bodies, Meta Centre.
Suggested Books
Loney, S.L. : Rigid Body Dynamics; Cambridge Univ. Press.

Gupta, P.P. : Rigid Body Dynamics, Vol.I; Krishna Prakashan, Mandir; Meerut
Bansal, J.L. : Rigid Body Dynamics; Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
Prasad, B.N. : Hydrostatics; Krishna Prakashan, Mandir; Meerut
Mathur, S.M. : A Text Book of Hydrostatics; Ramesh Book Depot, jaipur.
Sharma, Gokhroo,kSaini, Agarwal.: Elements of Hydrostatics; Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur.
B.A. / B.SC. PART III EXAMINATION 2016

STATISTICS
Paper I : Sampling Distribution, Estimation and Testing of Hypothesis
Paper II : Statistical Quality Control & Operation Research
Paper III: Designs of Experiments and Non-Parametric Tests
Practical
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Each theory paper is divided in three parts i.e. Section – A, Section – B and Section
– C.
Section A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will be two questions from each
unit and answer of each question shall be limited up to 30 words. Each question will carry 1
mark.
Section B: Will consist of 10 questions. Two questions from each unit will be set and students
will answer one question from each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited up to 250
words. Each question will carry 3.5 marks.
Section – C: Will consist of total 05 questions one from each unit. The paper setter will set
one question from each Unit and Students will answer any 03 questions and answer of each
question shall be limited up to 500 words. Each question will carry 7.5 marks.
Total Marks: 50
PAPER I: SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION, ESTIMATION AND TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Unit I: Concepts of sampling distribution and standard error, derivation of X2 (chi-square), t

and F distribution, their simple properties.
Unit II: Concepts of point estimation, properties of point estimators such as consistency,
unbiasedness, minimum variance. Unbiased estimators, efficiency and simple notion of
sufficiency, factorization theorem (without proof).
Unit III: Different methods of finding estimators such as method of moments, method of
minimum variance, method of least square and maximum likelihood (without detailed
discussion of their properties).
Unit IV: Testing of hypothesis, siple and composite hypotheses, two types of errors, idea of
best critical region, power of a test, power curves in simple cases. Nayman- Pearson
lemma.
Unit V: General theory of test of significance, Large sample tests for mean and proportions.
Applications of X2 (chi-square) t and F in testing of hypotheses. The interval estimation of
Normal population mean, variance, difference of means, ratio of variances.
Suggested Books
Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons,
Delhi.
Surendran, P.U. and Saxena, H.C.: Statistical Inference, S.Chand & Co., Delhi.
PAPER II: STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL & OPERATION RESEARCH
  
Unit I: Concept of Statistical quality control, Control charts: x, R , x,  , p, np, c-charts, their
constructions and uses.
Unit II: Sequential Analysis: Sequential probability ratio test, O.C. and A.S.N. functions and
their applications.
Unit III: Sampling Inspection by attributes: Producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, AOQL, ASN, OC,
Single, Double and Sequential Sampling plans and their comparison.
Unit IV: Introduction to operation Research, Queuing theory (I): Queuing systems,
characteristics of queuing system, Poisson process, exponential distributions of number of
arrivals, inter arrival time, service time.
Unit V: Queuing Theory (II): Classification of queues, model I: Model M/M/I  :  / FIFO  and
its characteristics, waiting time distribution. Introduction of Model II (M/M/I): ( <  > > /
SIRO).
Books Suggested
Gupta, B.N.: Statistics (Theory and Practical), Sahitya Bhawan, Agra.

Saini, Yashpan and Fiedman: Operation Research Methods and Problems, Hohn Wiley and Sons,
New York.
Goon, Gupta, Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II
Grant, E.L.: Statistical Quality Control, Mc-Graw Hill, New York.
PAPER III:DESIGNS OF EXPERIMENTS AND NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS
Unit I : Analysis of variance, one way and two way classification, including multiple but equal
number of observations per cell.
Unit II: The completely randomized design, Randomized block design, comparison of RBD
with CRD, Lay-out of RBD.
Unit III: The latin square design, its layout and analysis. Factorial experiments, the main effects
and interactions layout and its analysis (in 22 and 23 carried out in a RBD only).
Unit IV: Non-parametric Tests: Order Statistics Cumulative and probability distribution function
of a Single Order Statistics, expectation of function of order statistics. Non-parametric methods
and advantages and disadvantages, Power efficiency, Sign test (Simple, for paired observations),
Run test for randomness.
Unit V: Wilcoxon signed Rank test, Median Test, Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon U-Test, Wald-
wolfowitz Run test (two sample problem), Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of fit test.
Books Suggested
Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand & Sons, Delhi.
Goon, Gupta, Dasgupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II, World Press, Calcutta.
Rahatgi, V.: Statistical Inference, Wiley.
Practical
The students will be asked to attempt three exercises out of five exercises. The distribution of
marks will be as follows:
Regular Students Ex-Students
(a) Three Practical exercise 45 Marks 45 Marks

(b) Practical record work 10 Marks -
(c) Viva-Voce 20 Marks 20 Marks
Total 75 Marks 65 Marks*
*To be converted out of 75 marks.
The following topics are prescribed for practical works:
1. Analysis of variance: One way and two way classifications.

2. Analysis of (i) completely randomized (ii) randomized block and latin square designs,
factorial experiments.
3. Practical on SQC (Covered in Paper III).
4. Test of significance based on normal, X2, t and F tests, power curve.
5. Practical on Non-Parametric Tests (covered in Paper – III).
6. ‘Working knowledge of SPSS Package’.
ECONOMICS 2016
Part Total no. Q. Marks each Q. Total Marks
A 10 2 20
B 7 5 35
C 3 15 45
Total 100
B.A. / B.Sc. III Year
ECONOMICS
PAPER I: HISTORY OF ECONOMICTHOUGHT
Max. Marks : 100 Time : 3 Hours
Unit I: Meaning and Importance of History of Economics Thought, History of Economic

Analysis and Economic History, Mercantilism, Physiocrates, Adam Smith
Unit II: David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus, Sismondi, JS Mill
Unit III: Utopian socialists – Robert owen, Charles Fourier and Perirre Joseph Proudnon ;
Friedrick List, Karl Marx – an Elementary Treatment
Unit IV: Austrian School : Karl- Menger, Friedrich- Von Wieser, Eugenvon Bohm- Bawerk and
Alfred Marshall
Unit V: Indian Economic Thought : Kautilya, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Gopal Krishna
Gokhale, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawahar Lal Nehru.
Recommened Readings
Gide and Rist : History of Economic Doctrines
Haney, L.N. : History of Economic Thought
Eric Roll : History of Economic Thought
Ghosh, B.N. and Ghosh, R.R. : Concise History of Economic Thought, (Himalaya Publishing
House), Delhi Loknathan, V. : A History of Economic Thought, S. Chand, Delhi
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Gide and Rist : History of Economic Doctrines
Haney, L.N. : History of Economic Thought
Eric Roll : History of Economic Thought
Ghosh, B.N. and Ghosh, R.R. : Concise History of Economic Thought, (Himalaya Publishing
House), Delhi Loknathan, V. : A History of Economic Thought, S. Chand, Delhi
PAPER II: BASIC STATISTICS AND ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS
Max. Marks : 100 Time : 3 Hours

Unit I: Meaning, uses and limitations of statistics, Collection of Statistics Data- Census and
sample investigation, classification and presentation of Data-Statistics Tables, Graphs,
Frequency Distribution, Diagrams.
Unit II: Measures of Central Tendency : Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean and
Harmonic Mean.
Unit III: Measures of Dispersion : Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, standard
Deviation and Co- efficient of Variation simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co-
efficient and Spearman’s rank correlation.
Unit IV: Simple two variable Linear regression, Fisher’s Index numbers, Interpolation and
extrapolation – Newton and Lagrange method
Unit V: Elementary Mathematics
Simultaneous and Quadratic Equations
Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions, Logarithms
Recommened Readings
Elhance, D.N: Fundamental of Statistics
Singhal, M.L. : Elements of Statistics
Nagar, A.L. and Das, R.K. : Basic Statistics
Mehta and Madnani: Elementary Mathematics in Economics (Hindi and English ed.)
Croxton Cowden : Applied General Statistics
Nagar, K.N. : Sankhyiki ke mool tatva
Gupta : BN : Sankhyiki
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Elhance, D.N: Fundamental of Statistics
Singhal, M.L. : Elements of Statistics
Nagar, A.L. and Das, R.K. : Basic Statistics
Mehta and Madnani: Elementary Mathematics in Economics (Hindi and English ed.)
Croxton Cowden : Applied General Statistics
GEOGRAPHY 2016
Note: There will be two theory papers of 3 hours duration carrying 75 marks each, and a
practical of 50 marks. Candidates will have to pass in theory and practical separately.
Theory - Max. Marks : 75 Min marks : 27
Practical- Max. Marks : 50 Min marks : 18
PAPER I:ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
Unit I: Nature, scope and methods of economic geography ; economic resources; their
classification and conservation; fundamental occupations of man: fishing and livestock
raising
Unit II: Agriculture : subsistence, intensive commercial grain farming, plantation
agriculture and mixed farming, dairying; principal agricultural crops: wheat, rice, maize,
tea, coffee, rubber, cotton, sugarcane and sugar beet
Unit III: Minerals : Iron ore, Manganese and Copper ore; Sources of power: Coal, Petroleum,
Hydroelectricity and Nuclear
Unit IV: Industries : Iron and Steel, Cotton Textile, Pulp and Paper, Major Industrial Regions:
The Lake region of U.S.A., Ruhr basin of Germany and Manufacturing belts of Japan.
Unit V: Transportation : Rail, Water-major ocean routes and inland waterways of Europe,
former USSR; Air-factors affecting air transportation, Principal air-routes of the world;
International trade: Bases of international trade; barriers to trade and pattern of world trade
Books Recommended
Hartshron, T.A. and Alexander, J.W. : Economic Geography, prentice-Hall of IndiaPvt.Ltd.,New
Delhi, 1988.
Das, Gupta and Kapur: AdhunikArithikvaVanijiyaBhugol, Premier Publishing Company, Delhi
Dubey, R.N. : Economic and Commercial Geography KitabMahal, Allahabad
Leong, G.C. and Morgan, G.C. : Human and Economic Geography, OUP, Oxford, 1986.
Wheeler and Muller : Economic Geography, Jonh Wiley and Sons, N.Y. II Edition.
Mamoria, C.B. : ArithikVanijiyaBhugol, Gaye Prasad and Sons, Agra
Negi, B.S. : Geography of Resources, KedarnathRamnath, Meerut, 1980.
Ranner, G.T. : World Economic Geography
Singh, A and Raza : ParkratikSansadhan, 1980
Singh, K.N. and Singh J. : ArithikBhugolkeMultatva, GyanodayaPrakashan, Gorakhpur, 1996.
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PAPER II: ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY
Unit I: Definition and scope of Environmental Geography : its relationship with other subjects;
elements of environment; man-environment relationships, Percipient and quality of
environment.
Unit II: Ecology: definition\scope and types; ecosystem; meaning, types; components,
functioning, productivity and stability; geobiochemical cycles : Water, Carbon, Nitrogen
and oxygen
Unit III: Environments problems: Causes, population increase;urbanisation, industrialisation,
transportation, pesticides and wars; environmental pollution: air, water, soil and noise,
measure for control
Unit IV: Environmental hazards: Ozone depletion, green house effect, El-nino, Global warming,
acid rain, floods, droughts, volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, collapse of big dams, health
hazards and energy crisis
Unit V: Ecological basis of environmental management: sustainability of human ecosystem;
conservation of natural resources: soil, water, forests, minerals and energy ; national and
international efforts on environmental management; environmental education
Recommended Readings
Arvilla, R: Man and Environmental: Crisis and Strategy of Choice, Penguin, Hammonds –
Worth, 1967.
Botkin, D.B. and E.A. Keller: Environmental Studies, C.F. Merrill Pub. Co. Columbus, Ohio,
1982.
Das Saman, R.F. : Environmental Conservation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976.
Detwyler, R. : Man’s Impact on Environment, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1972.
Duffey, E : Conservation of Nature, Collins, London, 1970.
Edington J.M. and M.A. Edingtion: Ecology and Environmental Planning, Champan and Hall,
London,1977.
Furley, P.A. and W.W. Newey : Man and the Biosphere, Butterworths, London, 1983.
Gerasimov, I.P. : Geography and Ecology , Progress Publication, Moscow, 1983.
Jonathan T : Introduction to Environmental Studies Sunders CollegePublishing, Philadilphia
Holt-Saunders, Japan, 1985.
M.I.T. : Study of Critical Environmental Problems, The M.I. T. Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, 1970.
Park C. C. : Ecology and Environmental Management, Butterworths, London, 1980.
Singh, P. : Environmental Pollution and Management, Chugh Publication, Allahabad, 1985.
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GEOGAPHY PRACTICAL SCHEME

Four Practical Periods per week per group of 20 students
Max. Marks : 50 Min marks : 18 Duration : 6 Hrs.
Marks
1. Lab Work (Written paper) : 02 Hours 21 Marks
2. Record Work & Viva-voce : 02 Hours 9+5 = 14Marks
3. Field Survey &Viva-Voce : 02 Hours 10+5=15 Marks
Total Marks: 50 Marks
Note : Each Candidate is required to complete at twentyfive exercises.
Syllabus:
1. Study and interpretation of topographical sheets of typical areas of India; scheme of
Indian topographical sheets with a complete knowledge of their latest version
2. Profile drawing: serial, super-imposed, composite and projected; Knowledge of vertical
exaggeration
3. Geographical construction of following map projections: Cylindricalprojection; Simple
Cylindrical (Equidistant), Cylindrical Equal Area, Mercator; Conical Projection: One standard
parallel, Two standard parallel, Bonne, Poly-Conic, Zenithal Protection ( Polar (Case only) :
Equidistant, equal area, Gnomonic, Stereographic, Orthographic
4. Measure of Central Tendency : Mean, Median Mode and Standard Deviation
5. Prismatic Compass Survey: Corrections of Bearings and Closing of errors by Bowditch
method
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Sing, R.L. : Elements of Practical Geography, Students Friends, Varanasi, 1987.
Singh, R. and Kanaujia, L.R.S. : Map work and Practical Geography, Central Book Depot,
Allahabad.
Monkhouse, F.J. and Wilkinson, H.R. Map and Liagrams, Methudn, London 1994.
Robinson, A.H. : Elements of Cartography, Jonh Willy & Sons, New York.
Mishra, R.P.: Fundamental of cartography, Macmillan, New Delhi.
Kellay, Georgrp : Map Projections, Methuen & Co., London.
Steers, J.K. : Map Projections, University of London Press, London.
Sharma, J.P. : PrayogikBhoogol, RastogiPrkashan, Meerut.
Jain, S.M.: Prayogatmak, Bhoogol, SahityaBhawan, Agra.
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Books Recommended
Hartshron, T.A. and Alexander, J.W. : Economic Geography, prentice-Hall of India
Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi, 1988.
Das, Gupta and Kapur: AdhunikArithikvaVanijiyaBhugol, Premier Publishing Company, Delhi
Dubey, R.N. : Economic and Commercial Geography KitabMahal, Allahabad
Leong, G.C. and Morgan, G.C. : Human and Economic Geography, OUP, Oxford, 1986.
Wheeler and Muller : Economic Geography, Jonh Wiley and Sons, N.Y. II Edition.
Mamoria, C.B. : ArithikVanijiyaBhugol, Gaye Prasad and Sons, Agra
Negi, B.S. : Geography of Resources, KedarnathRamnath, Meerut, 1980.
Ranner, G.T. : World Economic Geography
Singh, A and Raza : ParkratikSansadhan, 1980
Singh, K.N. and Singh J. : ArithikBhugolkeMultatva, GyanodayaPrakashan, Gorakhpur, 1996.
dkSf’kd] ,l- Mh- % vkfFkZdHkqxksy ds ljyfl)kUr] jLrksxh] ifCyds’kUl] esjB
flag] txnh’k% llak/kuHkqxksy] Kkuksn; izdk’ku] xksj[kiqj] 1996
f}rh; iz’u&i=
i;Zkoj.kHkwxksy
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lq[kk] Tokykeq[kh] HkqdEi] Hkq&L[kyu]
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bdkbZ 5% i;kZoj.kizcU/k ds ikfjLFkSfrdvk/kkj % ekuoikfjfLFkfrdh; ra= dh
lqn`<’khyrk(izkd`frdlalk/kuksadklja{k.k% e`nk] ty] ou]
[kfutvkSjÅtkZ% i;kZoj.kizcU/k ds jk"Vªh; ,oavUrjkZ"Vªh; iz;kl% i;kZoj.kf’k{kk
Recommended Readings
Arvilla, R: Man and Environmental: Crisis and Strategy of Choice, Penguin, Hammonds –
Worth, 1967.
Botkin, D.B. and E.A. Keller: Environmental Studies, C.F. Merrill Pub. Co. Columbus, Ohio,
1982.
Das Saman, R.F. : Environmental Conservation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976.
Detwyler, R. : Man’s Impact on Environment, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1972.
Duffey, E : Conservation of Nature, Collins, London, 1970.
Edington J.M. and M.A. Edingtion : Ecology and Environmental Planning, Champan and Hall,
London,1977.
Furley, P.A. and W.W. Newey : Man and the Biosphere, Butterworths, London, 1983.
Gerasimov, I.P. : Geography and Ecology , Progress Publication, Moscow, 1983.
Jonathan T : Introduction to Environmental Studies Sunders College Publishing, Philadilphia
Holt-Saunders, Japan, 1985.
M.I.T. : Study of Critical Environmental Problems, The M.I. T. Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, 1970.
Park C. C. : Ecology and Environmental Management, Butterworths, London, 1980.
Singh, P. : Environmental Pollution and Management, Chugh Publication, Allahabad, 1985.
voLFkhujsUnzeksgu ,oavkjihfrokjh% i;kZoj.kHkqxksy] e/;izns’kfgUnhxzUFkvdkneh] Hkksiky
usxh] ih ,l % ikfjfLFkrdh] fodkl ,oai;kZoj.kHkqxksy] jLrksxh ,.M dEiuhesjB] 1999
frokjh] fot; dqekj% i;kZoj.kvkSjikfjfLFkrdh] fgeky; ifCyf’kaxgkÅl] eqEcbZ] 1998
lDlsuk] gfjeksgu % i;kZoj.k ,oaikfjfLFkfrdhHkqxksy] jktLFkkufgUnhxzUFkvdkneh] t;iqj] 1994
flgalfoUnz% i;kZoj.kHkqxksy] iz;kxiqLrdHkou] bykgkckn 2003
flga] txnh’k % okrkoj.kfu;kstu ,oalafodkl] Kkuksn; izdk’ku] xksj[kiqj] 1996
JhokLro] oh ds ,oachihjko% i;kZoj.kvkSjikfjfLFkfrdh] olqU/kjkizdk’ku] xksj[kiqj] 2000
j/kqoa’kh] v#.k ,oapUnzys[kk j/kqoa’kh% i;kZoj.kvkSjiznq"k.k] e/;izns’kfgUnhxzUFkvdkneh]
Hkksiky 1987
tks’kh] jru % i;kZoj.kHkqxksy] lkfgR; HkouifCyds’kUl] vkxjk 2003
lDlsuk] gfjeksgu % i;kZoj.k ,oaiznq"k.k]] jktLFkkufgUnhxzUFkvdkneh] t;iqj] 2002
Hkwxksyizk;ksfxd
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vad
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[ke/; iz{ksi % (dsoy /kqoh; voLFkk,a)] le&nqjLFk le&{ks=QydzsUnd(ukseksfud) f=foe
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ZOOLOGY
Theory Marks
(Min. Pass Marks; 54)
Paper I : Animal Physiology and Biochemistry 50

Paper II : Behavior and Ecology 50
Paper III : Applied Zoology 50
Practical : 75
(Min. Pass Marks; 27)
Duration of each theory paper 3 hours

Duration of practical examination 5 hours
Note: Each theory paper is divided in three parts i.e. Section-A, Section –B and Section –C.
Section-A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will be two questions from each unit
and answer of each question shall be limited up to 30 words. Each question will carry of 1 mark.
Section –B: Will consist of 10 questions. Each unit will be having two questions; students will
answer one question from each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited up to 250 words.
Each question carries 3.5 Marks.
Section-C: will consist of total 05 questions. Students will answer any 03 questions and answer
of each question shall be limited up to 500 words. Each question carries 7.5 Marks.
PAPER I: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Unit I: Digestion; digestive enzymes, process of digestion, digestion of protein, carbohydrate

and lipid
Blood: Composition and functions, Blood groups, Rh factor and their significance, blood
clotting mechanism, blood pressure and cardiac cycle, respiratory pigments, cardiac muscle
activity.
Unit II: Muscle: Structure of various types of muscles and mechanism of muscle contraction
Excretion: Structure of kidney, types of nephron, mechanism of urine formation and its
elimination and arginine, ornithin cycle.
Unit III: Respiration: Structure of lung, mechanism of respiration, respiratory pigment,

exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Nervous System: Structure of neuron and its classification, Nerve impulse, impulse
conduction and reflex action.
Unit IV: Endocrine glands: Structure and functions of various endocrine glands, diseases caused
by hormonal deficiency; Mechanism of hormone action.
Unit V: Structure of Protein and Carbohydrates; oxidation of glucose through glycolysis, Krebs
cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, deamination, transamination and decarboxylation.
PAPER II: ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR
Unit 1: Introduction of ecology, definition, history, sub division and scope of ecology.
Envirnmental factors; physical factors- soil, water, air and temperature. Biotic factors-
interspecific and intraspecific relations, neutralism, mutualism, commensalism, antibiosis,
parasitism, predation, competition. Concept of limiting factors, Liebig’s law of minimum,
Shelford’s law of tolerance, combined concept of limiting factors.
Unit II: Population and community ecology, measurement of population density, Factors
affecting population growth, growth factors, dispersal, characteristic of community, concept
of ecosystem and niches.
Food chain, food web, Ecological pyramid. Energy flow in an ecosystem, biogeochemical cycles
of CO2, N2, O2, S and P; Prospects and stratigies of sustainable development.
Unit III: Brief introduction to the major ecosystem of the world and ecological succession,
conservation of natural resources; Ecology in relation to Thar desert, Brief account of
environmental pollution, global warming and its impact upon Human race.
Unit IV: General survey of various types of animal behavior; Methods of studying animal
behavior, Role of hormones and pheromones in behavior, Biological rhythms.
Unit V: Learning and Memory: Conditioning, Habituation, Insight learning, Association

learning, Reasoning and Communication; Wildlife of Rajasthan and its conservation.
PAPER III: APPLIED ZOOLOGY
Unit I: Poultry keeping: Types of poultry breeds, poultry housing, farm and farm management,
system of poultry farming; Grading, handling and marketing of eggs; Poultry diseases and
Vermiculture; Methodology and products.
Unit II: Sericulture: Different kinds of silk producing insects in India and its potentialities,
Host plants of silk insects, Grainage, rearing and life cycle, Breeding and various diseases
of silkworm, Reeling and fibre technology, Economics of sericulture.
Unit III: Apiculture: Different kinds of honey bees found in India and, their identification.
Identification of Queen, worker and drone, Importance of keeping bees in artificial hives
and different kinds of hives, Care and management of bee colonies, Bee enemies and their
control, Extraction and processing of honey from the comb, Utility and economics of
production of honey, Honey bees and pollination strategy in agricultural crops.
Unit IV: Pest Management : Insect pests of important crops (cotton, Rice, sugar cane & pulses),
insect pest of veterinary and medical importance, pest outbreaks and assessment of losses
caused by the insect pests on crops; population dynamics of insect pests; Principles of
Biological, mechanical and cultural methods of pest control, Integrated Pest Management
(IPM), Principles of pest control by pesticides, Important vertebrate pests, birds and
mammals with special reference to rodents and their management.
Unit V: General principles of aquaculture; transportation of fish seed and brooders, Induced
Breeding, Composite fish culture, Lay out of fish farm and its management, By-products of
fishing industry; Prawn culture; Management of water bodies for aquaculture.
Practical
1. Haemoglobin estimation of mammalian blood

2. Preparation of heamin crystals
3. Osmotic effect of R.B.C.
4. Preparation of mammalian blood film and identification of different types of blood cells
5. Determination of blood groups and Rh-factor
6. To determine the rate of oxygen consumption of rat
7. Analysis of urine for sugar, protein and pH
8. Estimation of E.S.R.
9. Demonstration of amylase activity
10. Estimation of packed cell volume [PCV]
11. Demonstration of working of pH meter
12. Demonstration of working of colorimeter
13. Measurement of blood pressure
14. Study of different spraying and dusting equipment
15. Use of pesticides and precautionary measures
16. Measurement of temperature and relative humidity
17. Estimation of soil moisture
18. Estimation of water holding capacity of different soils
19. Ecosystem study : Aquarium
20. Pond water study to identify zoo-planktons and their permanent preparations
21. Permanent preparation of any two stored grain pests. Two parasitic insects and termites
22. Honey bee : Permanent preparation of pollen basket and mouth parts
23. Permanent preparation of mouth parts of butterfly, moth, mosquito and cockroach
24. Project report based upon study of local fauna
25. Dissection of nervous system of grasshopper/locust and cockroach
Distribution of Marks
Maximum Marks: 75
Minimum Pass Marks: 27
Regular Ex.
Physiology Experiment 12 15
Ecology Experiment 12 15
Spots (six) 12 18
Dissection 07 10
Project report on local fauna 07 --
Permanent preparation 05 07
Viva-voce 10 10
Record 10 --
Total 75 75
List of Recommended Books:
1. Srivastava, H.S. : Elements of Biochemistry, Rastogi Publications, Meerut

2. Goel, K.A. and Shastry, K.B. : Animal Physiology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut
3. Dalela, R.C. : Animal Physiology, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi
4. Agarwal, R.A., Srivastava, Anil Kumar and Kaushal Kumar : Animal Physiology and
Biochemistry, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi
5. Kulshrestha, V.V. : Experimental Physiology, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi
6. Samasiviah, I. et.al. : Text Book of Animal Physiology and Ecology, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New
Delhi
7. Verma, P.S., Tyagi, B.S. and Agarwal, V.K. : Animal Physiology, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New
Delhi
8. Hoar, S.: General and Comparative Physiology, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
9. Wood, D.W.: Principles of Animal Physiology
10. Prosser, C.B.: Comparative Animal Physiology, Satish Book Enterprise
11. Eckert, Animal Physiology. (W.H. Freeman)
12. Parihar, R.P.: Fish Biology and Indian Fisheries, Central Publication House, Allahabad
13. Kovaleve, P.A., Silkworm Breeding Stocks, Central Silk Board, Marine Drive, Mumbai
14. Roger, A. Morse, The ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture, A.I. Root & Co., Medina, Ohio 44256.
15. Metcalf C.L. and W.P. Flint, Destructive and Useful Insects, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., New Delhi – 110 051
16. Bomford, Mason and Swash, Hutchinson’s Clinical Methods, Beilliers Tindal, ELBS edition
17. Gorbman, A., Dickhoff, W.W., Vigna, S.R., Clark, N.B. and Ralph, C.L. Comparative
Endocrinology, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York
18. Beauchamp, T.L. and J.F. Chidress. Principles of Biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press.
19. Nayar, B.V., Pest Management and Pesticides Indian Scenario, Namratha Publications, Madras
20. Odum : Ecology (Amerind)
21. Odum : Fundamentals of Ecology (W.B. Saunders)
22. Ricklefy: Ecology (W.H. Freeman)
23. Turk and Turk: Environmental Science (W.B. Saunders)
24. Dobzhansky, Ayala & Valentine: Evolution (W.H. Freeman)
25. Dobzhansky: Genetics and Origin of species (Columbia University Press)
26. Major: Population, Species & Evolution
27. White: Animal Cytology & Evolution.

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SYLLABUS

B.Sc. III Year

JAI NARAIN VYAS UNIVERSITY

Course Nomenclature Number of Number of Maximum Minimum

Duration of examination of each theory papers 3 hours

PAPER I: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

Suggested Laboratory Exercises

PAPER II: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Suggested Laboratory Exercises

PAPER III: PLANT BIOTECHONOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

SUGGESTED LABORATORY EXERCISES

PAPER II: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

PAPER III: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

PAPER I: CH – 301 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III

PAPER II: CH-302 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

PAPER III: CH-303 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – III

*To be converted out of 75

PAPER I : ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

PAPER II : STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

PAPER III : APPLIED GEOLOGY

PAPER I : SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Unit V:Magnetism : Diamagnetism and Larmor precession, classical theory of diamagnetism,

Unit I:Rutherford scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model. Constituents of nucleus,

Unit V: Radiation Detectors: Introduction of various Methods used in detection of nuclear

PAPER III: RELATIVITY AND ELECTRODYNAMICS

Unit I:Electromagnetic Waves: Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, Electromagnetic

Unit II:Reflection and Refraction of Electromagnetic waves: Boundary conditions at the

Unit IV:Relativistic Mechanics: Coordinate transformation, contravariant and covariant

Examination Scheme for Laboratory Work:

LAB. B: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Note: - New experiments may be added on availability of equipments.

Elec. 302 Paper II Electronic Instrumentation 2 3 50

Elec. 303 Paper III Digital computer 2 3 50

PAPER I: AUDIO AND VIDEO SYSTEMS

PAPER II: ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

Unit I:Wave shaping circuits: Waveform terminology, RC wave shaping circuits,

PAPER III: DIGITAL COMPUTER ELECTRONICS

Unit IV: Microcomputer Architecture: Organisation of 8085 microprocessor: Registers, ALU,

Experiments for Practical Work

1. AM Modulation and demodulation

Note: - New experiments may be added on availability of equipments.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 2015

PAPER I: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION – II

Unit I: Microprogram Control Organisation: Control memory, Address sequencing

PAPER II: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE C AND C++

Unit III:Pointers: pointer declaration, operations on pointers, pointers to array, array of

Unit V:Constructors, multiple constructors in a class, copy and dynamic constructors,

Paper III: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Experiments for Practical Work

ADVANCE COMPUTER LABORATORY (Programming Language C++)

Sharma, G.C. : Modern Algebra; Ram Prasad & Sons, Agra.

PAPER II: ANALYSIS AND LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Shanti Narayan: Real Analysis; S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.

PAPER III: MECHANICS – II

Loney, S.L. : Rigid Body Dynamics; Cambridge Univ. Press.

B.A. / B.SC. PART III EXAMINATION 2016

Unit I: Concepts of sampling distribution and standard error, derivation of X2 (chi-square), t

Gupta, B.N.: Statistics (Theory and Practical), Sahitya Bhawan, Agra.

PAPER III:DESIGNS OF EXPERIMENTS AND NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS

(a) Three Practical exercise 45 Marks 45 Marks