The-retraction-of-jose-rizal_20241022_173623_0000

Group 5
THE
Retraction
OF JOSE RIZAL
Bito-on - Famocol - Protasio
WHO IS JOSE RIZAL?
He was a Filipino Nationalist
and was an opthamologist back in his
hometown in Calamba, Laguna.
Born on June 19, 1861.
He was executed in
Bagumbayan, Manila
(Now: Rizal Park or Luneta)
on December 30, 1896.
l He played a crucial role in the fight for

t ac io Riz a Philippine Independence from
Jose Pr o nda
n so R ea lo Spanish Colonial rule.
cado y A lo
Mer
ONE OF THE MOST
CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
IS THE RETRACTION OF
JOSE RIZAL.
Until today, this retraction issue is a
subject of discussion among historians,
researchers, and students of History.
What is really the truth
behind this Controversy?
RETRACTION
/PAGBAWI
It refers to the process of withdrawing or taking back a statement,
claim, or publication that was previously issued.
It often occurs in contexts like publishing, where a retraction is made
to correct misinformation or errors.
1. RIZAL'S DOUBTS ON THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
The publication of Rizal's two novels, the
Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo,
made Rizal a target of the ire and
persecution of the friars.
Clearly written on the pages of these two

novels were Rizal's attacks on the friars
and practices of the Catholic Church.
“EXCOMMUNICADO”
He was declared an Excommunicado or
Excommunicated, which means that he was expelled
from the Catholic Church and thus he could not
receive its sacraments.
JOSE RIZAL WROTE TO HIM,
“What happens in the Philippines is

horrible. The friars abuse the name of
religion to enrich their large landed
estates, religion to seduce innocent
young women, religion to do away
with an enemy, religion to disturb the
peace between husband and wife...
if not to sully the wife's honor.”
umentritt
dinand Bl
Fer
In his novel, Noli Me Tangere, Rizal expressed his
doubts about the teachings of the Catholic Church on
the salvation of mankind through Pilosopong Tasyo:
Pilosopo Tasio, short for
Anastacio, was an old scholar
living in San Diego. Thought of
as a lunatic due to his
unorthodox ideas, he became
an adviser for several
individuals in town.
ONG TASyo
PILOSOP
"If the Catholics are the only ones that can be saved and
of them only five not only a form per cent, as many
priests aver; and if the Catholics constitute but a twelfth
part of the world's population if statistics are to be
believed, the result would be that after thousands upon
thousands of people had been punished during the
countless ages that passed before the coming of the
Redeemer, God's son who died for us, only five out of
every twelve hundred souls could now be saved. Surely,
that cannot be true... No, so colossal a calamity is
impossible. To believe it is blasphemy."
"Man is not a necessary part of creation, but an accident
of it. God could not have created him, if to make one
happy He had to condemn to eternal misery by hundreds
of people in a moment and all for some congenital
faults... If such a belief were not a blasphemy against that
God who must be the Highest God, then the Phoenician
Moloch, that bloody deity, that horrible divinity, who
gorged himself on human victims and innocent blood,
and in whose entrails babes torn from their mothers'
breasts were burnt, would be beside Him a frail maiden, a
sweetheart, the mother of humanity.”
Fr. FEDERICO FAURA Fr. Pablo ramon
teacher Dean of Ateneo

of Jose Rizal de municipal
Thus, as a result, their supreme efforts to persuade and convert the
"unfortunate fellow" prove unveiling.
Fr. Faura was hurt and angry. However, he was also worried about
Rizal's safety if he stayed in the Philippines. He advised him to leave
the country for his own safety.
During his exile in Dapitan, Fr. Pablo Pastrells, head of the Jesuits,
requested Fr. Antonio Obach, parish priest of dapitan to
accommodate Rizal in his mission house, if Rizal would like to stay
with him. Fr. Obach agreed.
Several strings were attached to the offer for Rizal to stay in
the mission house:
First, Rizal must retract publicly his “errors” on religion.

Second, he must observe the religious practices of the Church
and make a general avowal of his past.
Third, he must conduct himself in an exemplary manner when it
come to religion and to Spain.
The desire of the jesuits headed by Fr. Pastrells to bring
back Rizal to the catholic church was too strong that he
sent Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, a former teacher of
Rizal in Ateneo to dapitan.
Why did they choose Fr. Sanchez to carry out this mission?
Collas said "If there was anyone capable of convincing Rizal,
it was Father Sanchez, First, because Sanchez was
not only a formidable master of rhetoric, but also of
dialectics; and secondly, because Rizal was quite fond of
him and would gladly give him the benefit of any doubt."
But Fr. Sanchez was also a failure in his mission. Retana wrote
that Rizal refused to believe the arguments of Fr. Sanchez by
saying that he no longer believe in the Eucharistic and ritual of
the Catholic faith..
Captain General Ricardo Carnicero who had become a good
friend of Rizal also failed in his attempt to bring back the faith of
Rizal to the Catholic Church.
Fr. Pastells, therefore, decided to do the convincing of Rizal
himself.
Fr. Pastells, according to Collas was "an erudite man, a finished
scholar. Surely, with his vast learning, Father Pastells should have
no difficulty whatever, in persuading Rizal to return to the fold
and enjoy the "inestimable treasure of faith."
Again Fr. Pastells proved himself a failure in convincing Rizal to
return to his faith. Collas described this intellectual encounter
between the two as "in a way like the physical duel between
David and Goliath.
As in the biblical story, the Filipino David with his sling of reason
and his stones of logic bested the religious Goliath with his heavy,
shining armor and spear of faith adorned with Latin quotations.
Critics outside the clergy, including a number of foreigners, agree
that Rizal had the better part of the argument."
The strength of Rizal's conviction was tested with the coming of
Josephine Bracken to Dapitan. They fell in love with each other. Rizal
wanted to marry her. But marriage was one of the sacraments which
Rizal had been stripped of when he was excommunicated.
Marie Josephine Leopoldine Bracken (August 9,
1876 – March 14, 1902) was the common-law wife
of Filipino nationalist José Rizal during his exile in
Dapitan. Hours before Rizal's execution on
December 30, 1896, the couple were allegedly
married at Fort Santiago following Rizal's alleged
reconciliation with the Catholic Church. Some
sectors, including Rizal's family, dispute the
marriage because no records were found
regarding the union, even if it was attested by
Bracken herself and the officiating priest.
E BRACKEN
JOSEPHIN
He loved Josephine. He did not like to place her in a situation in which
she would be the subject of ridicule of people because she was living
in with a man without the blessing of the
church.
Rizal made an appeal to Fr. Obach to marry them. However, Fr. Obach
replied that they would only be married if Rizal would retract
everything he said against the Catholic Church.
Driven by his strong desire to marry Jospehine, Rizal prepared his
own retraction version and sent it to Fr. Obach, which the latter
ignored.
Thus, Rizal decided to forget about his plan of marrying Josephine

and they just lived together as husband and wife. They lived
together happily for four years, unmindful of the unkind words of
the people and the unceasing attacks of Fr. Oback done in the
pulpit.
Retana wote oftis episode in the life of Rizal: Rizal remained an
impenitent free thinker despite the attacks and condemnation of
society.
1. Fr Pablo Ramon - Dean of Ateneo de Municipal
2. Fr. Frederico Faura - Teacher of Rizal
3. Fr. Pablo Pastrells - Head of Jesuits
4. Fr. Antonio Obach - Parish priest of Dapitan
5. Fr. Francisco de paula Sanchez - former teacher of
rizal in ateneo to dapitan
6. Captain general Ricardo Carnicero - good friend of
Rizal
The Beginning of the
Retraction Controversy
When and how did this controversy
on the Retraction of Rizal start?
Publication of
Sir Wenceslao Retana:
His publication started a claim
that he had
the retraction document of
Rizal.
“Vidal y escritos del jose rizal”
Fr. Balaguer:
Fr. Pio Pi:
He claimed to be the
He claimed that he had
primary account that Rizal
the Original Retraction
wrote the retraction
document.
document.
Archbishop Nozaleda:
Fr. Pi gave the
document to him then
he later handed it over
to the secretary of the
archbishopric, for
safekeeping.
Fr. Manuel Garcia: He revealed that he
accidentally found the original retraction
document among the files of the Archbishop.
Fr. Francisco A. Ortiz: He Published an English

Document which he claimed was the original
retraction of Jose Rizal.
The 4 versions of the Retraction
document of Jose Rizal.
1.) Published in La voz española
and Diario de manila (Dec. 30,1896)
2.) Published in Barcelona, Spain in the Fortnightly

magazine in La Juventud (Feb. 14, 1897)
3.) Archdiocesan archives (May 18, 1935)
4.)El Imparcial (Dec. 31, 1896)

Analyzing the Retraction Issue
The Jesuits claim that Rizal returned
to the fold of the Catholic faith
Inconsistencies:
•The retraction document took too long to be

revealed despite the Jesuits having the original
document.
•The reveal of the retraction document

happened after Rizal’s execution.
•The execution pushed through and
nothing was done to prevent it
•Rizal was buried without a coffin
•Rizal’s name was included in the list of

those who died without repenting their
sins
•Fr. Balaguer convinced Rizal through
the threat of hell
Why is it important to know if
Rizal retracted?
•The retraction of Jose Rizal had significant
long-term effects on Philippine history and
society.
•The controversy influenced perceptions of

Rizal as a national hero.
•This brought to light the complexities and

prevalence of colonial oppression during
Spanish rule.
Conclusion
•The entirety of the situation is still
unknown and up for debate
•Rizal and his works remain relevant

regardless of what happened
THANK YOU
for Listening!

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Group 5

l He played a crucial role in the fight for

Clearly written on the pages of these two

“What happens in the Philippines is

teacher Dean of Ateneo

First, Rizal must retract publicly his “errors” on religion.

Thus, Rizal decided to forget about his plan of marrying Josephine

Fr. Francisco A. Ortiz: He Published an English

2.) Published in Barcelona, Spain in the Fortnightly

3.) Archdiocesan archives (May 18, 1935)

4.)El Imparcial (Dec. 31, 1896)

•The retraction document took too long to be

•The reveal of the retraction document

•Rizal was buried without a coffin

•Rizal’s name was included in the list of

•The controversy influenced perceptions of

•This brought to light the complexities and

•Rizal and his works remain relevant

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