21. Mass Flow Meter.

Mass Flow Meter
Mass Flow meter
 Mass flow meters are the types of flow meters which are mainly employed in mass-
related processes such as chemical reactions, heat transfer, etc. In all these processes,
accurate measurement of flow is the prerequisite.
 There are numerous types of mass flow meters available in the industry. However, the
most widely used type is the Coriolis meter.
Principle
 A Coriolis flow meter contains a tube which is energized by a fixed vibration.
 When a fluid (gas or liquid) passes through this tube the mass flow momentum
will cause a change in the tube vibration, the tube will twist resulting in a phase
shift.
 This phase shift can be measured and a linear output derived is proportional to
flow
Coriolis Mass Flow Meter
Measuring Principle
 The measuring principle is based on the controlled generation of Coriolis

forces.
 These forces are always present when both translational and rotational
Flow
movements are superimposed Axis
 In a Coriolis meter, the inertial force is Flow
provided by vibrating the flow tubes.
Vibration
 The tube twist or angle of deflection from
the vibration plane is measured and
Flow Tubes
converted into a mass flow measurement.
 Most implementations use a pair of

Vibration
counter-vibrating tubes to cancel the effect
of external vibrations. Twist
Theory of Operation
 Process fluid enters the sensor and flow is split with half the flow through each
tube.
 The sensor flow tubes are vibrated in opposition to each other by energizing a
drive coil. Tubes are oscillated at their natural frequency.
 Magnet and coil assemblies, called pick-offs, are mounted on the flow tubes.
 As each coil moves through the uniform magnetic field of the adjacent magnet
it creates a voltage in the form of a sine wave.
 During a no flow condition,
there is no Coriolis effect
and the sine waves are in
phase with each other.
 When fluid is moving

through the sensor's tubes,
Coriolis forces are induced
causing the flow tubes to
twist in opposition to each
other.
The time difference between the sine waves is measured and is directly
proportional to the mass flow rate.
Turbine type Flowmeter
Turbine type Flowmeter
 Turbine type flow meter is a simple way for measuring flow velocity.
 A rotating shaft with turbine type angular blades is placed inside the flow
pipe.
 The fluid flowing through the pipeline will cause rotation of the turbine
angular blades whose speed of rotation can be a measure of the flow rate.
Working
 The flowing fluid impinges on the blades of turbine (rotor), imparting a force to
the blade surface which causes the rotation of the rotor.
 At a steady rotational speed, the speed of the rotor is directly proportional to

the fluid velocity, and hence to volumetric flow rate.
 The speed of rotation is monitored in most of the meters by a magnetic pick-up

coil, which is fitted to the outside of the meter housing.
 The magnetic pick-up coil consists of a permanent magnet with coil windings
which is mounted in close proximity to the rotor but external to the fluid
channel.
 As each rotor blade passes

the magnetic pick-up coil, it
generates a voltage pulse
which is a measure of the
flow rate, and the total
number of pulses give a
measure of the total flow.
 The turbine meters are available in sizes ranging from 6.35 mm to 650 mm
and liquid flow ranges from 100 cubic centimeter to over 50 cubic meters.
Applications
 In order of magnitude from largest to smallest , these are used in oil and gas,
They are particularly useful in blending systems for the petroleum industry.
 They are effective in aerospace and air borne applications for energy-fuel and
cryogenic flow measurements.
 Water and waste water, gas utility, chemical, power, food and beverage,
pharmaceutical, metals and mining, and pulp and paper.
Advantages
1. Better Accuracy [± 0.25% to ± 0.5%].
2. It provides excellent repeatability [± 0.25% to ± 0.02%] and rangeability (10 : 1
and 20 : 1).
3. It has fairly low pressure drop.
4. It is easy to install and maintain.
5. It has good temperature and pressure ratings.
6. It can be compensated for viscosity variation.
Disadvantages
1. High cost.
2. It has limited use for slurry applications.
3. It is not suitable for non-lubricating fluids.
4. They cannot maintain its original calibration over a very long period and
therefore periodical recalibration is necessary.
5. They are sensitive to changes in the viscosity of the liquid passing through the
meters.
6. They are sensitive to flow disturbances.
7. Due to high bearing friction is possible in small meters, they are not preferred
well for low flow rates.

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Mass Flow Meter

Mass Flow meter

 A Coriolis flow meter contains a tube which is energized by a fixed vibration.

 The measuring principle is based on the controlled generation of Coriolis

 Most implementations use a pair of

 When fluid is moving

 At a steady rotational speed, the speed of the rotor is directly proportional to

 The speed of rotation is monitored in most of the meters by a magnetic pick-up

 As each rotor blade passes

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