1 5 .

3 6 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1
Q.1 (i) 50N, (ii) 1.77 cm, 0.045 J (iii) 8.48 × 10−4 m (iv) x=0.12m Q.2 (a) (dgL)/4Y, (b) (dgL)/6Y
−6
Q.3 25.5°C Q.4 4°C Q.5 1/90 Q.6 4 × 10 m / °C Q.7 h/5R
Q.8 10cm, 40cm Q.9 1/200 rad Q.10 1: 1.26 Q.11 0 °C,125 / 4 g ice, 1275/4g water
Q.12 5000 J/°C Kg Q.13 27/85 Q.14 12gm Q.15 (i) 0.02kg (ii) 40,000calkg-1 K1 (iii) 750 cal/ kg oC
Q.16 1000 J (C°)-1 Q.17 104.16 M3 λ −1 Q.18 5α / 3 Q.19 5sec slow Q.20 0.1cm
Q.21 10,000N Q.23 (a) 37.8J/s (watts,), (b) 2.005 N-m Q.24 45°C
Q.25 2 × 10−4 o C Q.26 Decrease by 0.75cm3, 25°C

Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
Q.1 A Q.2 C Q.3 D Q.4 A Q.5 A Q.6 D
Q.7 A Q.8 C Q.9 D Q.10 C Q.11 A Q.12 B
Q.13 A Q.14 C Q.15 C Q.16 A Q.17 B Q.18 C
Q.19 B Q.20 D Q.21 C

Multiple Correct Choice Type

Q.22 A, C Q.23 A, B, C Q.24 B, C Q.25 A, C, D Q.26 D Q.27 A, C, D

Comprehension Type
Q.28 B Q.29 D Q.30 A Q.31 A

Assertion Reasoning Type

Q.32 A Q.33 A Q.34 A Q.35 B Q.36 B Q.37 D

Previous Year’s Questions

Pt
Q.1 B, D Q.2 6.25 grams Q.3 L = Q.4 true Q.5 12g Q.6 γl = 2αs
M
Q.7 273 K Q.8 8 Q.9 9 Q.10 3 Q.11 A Q.12 A, D
Q.13 A

Solutions

JEE Main/Boards = 105 Dyne × 102 cm = 107 Dyne × cm

1 Joule = 10–7 Erg
Exercise 1
Sol 2: Specific heat of water at approximately room
Sol 1: S.I unit of heat = joules temp is 4180 J Kg–1 K–1.

C.g.s unit of heat = erg. Yes, the specific heat of water varies with the temp.

and of 1 joule = 1 newton × 1m

 P hysi cs | 15.37

Sol 3: Now for isothermal process DT = 0, but if heat is ⇒ 5 + 0.9 x = 59

not zero ⇒ specific heat → ∞ 54
⇒x= = 60
∆Q 0.9
C= as DT → 0
m∆T so x = 60ºC
C → ∞.
Sol 10: We have L = L0 (1 + αDT)
Sol 4: When two bodies at different temp are mixed, the
⇒ L/L0 = 1 + αDT
heat will pass from a body at higher temp to a lower temp
body until the temp of the mixture becomes constant. (1– L / L0 )  1– 5.231 / 5.243 
⇒ DT = =  
The principle of calorimetry implies that heat lost by a α  1.2 × 10 –5 
body at a higher temperature is equal to heat gained
by another body at a lower temperature assuming that ⇒ DT = 190.73 K ⇒ T – 27 = 190.73
there is no loss of heat to the surroundings. ⇒ T = 217.73ºC

Sol 5: Heat ⇒ Heat is the energy that is transferred Sol 11: A0 = 500 cm2. ∆A = 1.9 cm2
from one body to another because of temperature
difference. Now, ∆A = 2α.A0(DT)

Temperature ⇒ Temperature of a body is basically a ⇒ 1.9 cm2 = 2 × α(500 cm2)(100K)

measure of the energy that the particles of that body ⇒ α = 1.9 × 10–5 K–1
have. [Vibrational energy]

Sol 12:
Sol 6: Specific heat is amount of energy required to
increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by
1ºC so its units: J. kg–1K–1 Molar specific heat is energy
required to increase the temperature of 1 mole of a
substance by 1ºC.

Now, amount of heat lost by the aluminium ball =

Sol 7: The principal specific heat capacities of a gas:
amount of heat gained by
(a) The specific heat capacity at constant value (Cv) is
(Container + water)
defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1 kg of gas by 1 K, if the volume of gas ⇒ MA . SA . DTA
remains constant. = MC . SC . DTC + MW . SW . DTW.
(b) The specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp)
MC .SC .∆TC + MW .S W .∆TW
is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the ⇒ SA =
temperature of 1 kg of gas by 1K, if the pressure of MA . ∆TA
gas is constant. Cp is always greater than Cv, since if the 0.14 × 0.386 × 103 × (23 − 20) + 0.25 × 4.13 × 103 × (23 – 20)
=
volume of the gas increases, work must be done by the 0.047 × (100 – 23)
gas to push back the surroundings. = 0.911 ×103 = 911 J Kg–1K–1

Sol 8: Change of state occurs because of the weakening Sol 13: Let the mass of ice be m (in grams) then head
of the intermolecular forces between the molecules of gained by ice
the substance, once heat is given to the body. As temp
increases, the molecular vibrations increases and the = m . Si . DT + m . L + m . SW . DT
intermolecular forces weaken. = m . (0.5) × (14) + m . (80) + m . 1 × 10
= 17m + 80 m = 97m
Sol 9: Correct thermometer = 0ºC and 100ºC
And heat lost by water = m . SW . DT
95 – 5
So ratio = = 0.9 = 200 × 1 × (25 – 10) = 200 × 15
0 + 100 – 0
So 0.9 scale of faulty = 1 scale of correct So assuming no heat loss to surroundings
1 5 . 3 8 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

200 × 15 = 97 m ∆P dV 4 πR 2 .dR 3dR

= = =
200 × 15 K V 4π 3 R
⇒m= = 30.93 gm ≈ 31 gm. R
97 3
mg dR
= =
Sol 14: We have PV = nRT 3AK R
PV 105 × 0.2 After correction
⇒n= =
RT 8.31× 300
2 × 100 Sol 3: (D) Stress = Y × Strain
= = 8.022 moles
8.31× 3 ⇒ Strain = Stress/Y
Now volume = Const.
100 1 1
So heat supplied = n . Cv . DT = 2
× 11
=
πr 2 × 10 2 × 10 × 3.14 × 10 –6
9

cal
8.022 mol × 3.0 × (500 – 300)K 1 10
mole.K = = × 10–4 = 1.6 × 10–4
6.28 × 10 3 6.28
= 4813.2 cal
d –dr d
Now, µ . = ⇒ dr = – 1 mm × µ ×
Sol 15: We have CP = CV +R  r 

8.36 –1.6 × 10 –4 × 3.14

R= 8.36 joules/mole ºC = cal/moleºC = , r – r0 = – 5.024 × 10–5
4.18 10
R= 2 cal/mole ºC
so CP = CV + R ⇒ Cv = CP – R Sol 4: (B) 2.5 × 103 gm. (0.1 cal/gmºC) . (500 – 0)

= (8 – 2) cal/moleºC = 6 cal/moleºC =m×L

So Q = nCvDT
2.5 × 100 × 0.1× 500
⇒ = m.
80
= 5 × 6 × (20 – 10) = 300 cal.
= 1.5625 × 103 g

Sol 5: (D) 1 cal = 4.2 J

Exercise 2 21000
⇒ Specific heat of ice = cal/Kg. K
42
Single Correct Choice Type
= 500 cal/kg. K = 0.5 cal/gm . K

Sol 1: (D) V = A × l So suppose the mixture is at temperature T, then

dV dA d mi . Si. (DT) + miL = + mi . Sw (T – 0)

⇒ = +
V A  = mw . Sw (30 – T)
0.2 dr d
⇒ =–2× + ⇒ 1000 × 0.5 × 10 + 80 × 1000 + 1000 × 1 × T
100 r 
= 4400 × 1 × (30 – T)
d 0.2  –2 × 0.002 
⇒ = –   ⇒5000 + 80000 + 1000T
 100  100 
= 4400 × 30 – 4400T
d 0.2 + 0.004 0.204
= ⇒ ⇒5400T = 47000
 100 100
So stress = Y × strain ⇒ T = 8.7ºC

0.204
= 2 × 1011 × = 4.08 × 108 N/m2. Sol 6: (A) ms DT = ms . Lv
100
⇒ 1400 × 1 × 64 = m × 540
1 –1. ∂V mg
Sol 2: (B) = and DP = So
K V ∂p A
 P hysi cs | 15.39

Sol 7: (A) Let the heat capacity of the flask be M Previous Years’ Questions
Then L = latent heat of fusion
Then 50 L + 50(40 – 0) = 200 × (70 – 40) + (70 – 40) × M Sol 1: (B) Q1 = nCp DT, Q2 = nCv DT,
⇒50 L + 2000 = 6000 + 30 M Q2 Cv 1 Q 70
= = or Q2 = 1 = = 50 cal
Q1 Cp γ γ 1.4
⇒ 5L = 3M + 400  …(i)
And 80L + 80 (10 – 0)=250 × (40 – 10) + M (30) Sol 2: (D) Heat required
⇒80L + 800 = 7500 + 30 M Q = (1.1 + 0.02) × 103 × 1 × (80 – 15)
⇒8L = 3M + 670 = 72800 cal.
⇒8L = 5L – 400 + 670 Therefore, mass of steam condensed (in kg)
⇒L = 90 cal/gm Q 72800
m= = × 10–3 = 0.135 kg
⇒90 × 4.2 × 10 J/kg = 3.8 × 10 J/Kg
3 5 L 540

dV Sol 3: (D) A is free to move, therefore, heat will be

Sol 8: (B) = 100 cm3/sec
dt supplied at constant pressure
dm dV \ dQA = nCpdTA…(i)
⇒ =ρ. = 100 gm/sec.
dt dt
B is held fixed, therefore, heat will be supplied at
Now, power used in heating = 2000 × 0.8 = 1600 W. constant volume.
d(ms∆T) dm
Now, power = = s.DT . \ dQB = nCvdTB…(ii)
dt dt
But dQA = dQB (given)
Now assuming DT is same
 Cp 
100 kg J \ nCpdTA = nCvdTB ∴ dTB =   dTA
So 1600 = × 4200 × DT  Cv 
1000 sec kg.K  
= γ(dTA) [γ =1.4 (diatomic)]
1600 × 10
⇒ = DT = 3.8ºC.
4200 (dTA = 30 K) = (1.4) (30 K); \ dTB = 42 K
⇒ T – 10º = 3.8º ⇒ T = 13.8ºC (B)
Sol 4: (A) The temperature of ice will first increase from
– 10ºC to 0ºC. Heat supplied in this process will be
Sol 10: (B) Refer theory

Sol 11: (B) Actual length = L0(L + αDT) = L0(1 + at)

Temp

Change in length = L0(1 + at) – L0 = L0at

L 0 αt αt
So strain = =
L0 (1 + αt) (1 + αt)
Eαt
⇒ Stress = E × strain =
(1 + αt)
EAαt
⇒ Force = A × stress =
1 + αt
ρ
Sol 12: (D) r(t) . Vs (t) . g = Q1 = msi(10)
(1 + 8 × 10 –6 × 102 )
where, m = mass of ice
× vs(1 + 3 × 10–6 × 102) × g
si = specific heat of ice
= r.vs.g.(1 + 3 × 10–4) (1 – 8 × 10–4)
Then, ice starts melting. Temperature during melting
so difference = r.vs.g (– 5 × 10–4) will remain constant (0ºC).
Heat supplied in this process will be
1 5 . 4 0 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

Q2 = mL, L = latent heat of melting. Sol 9: (A) A current loop ABCD is held fixed on the
plane of the paper as shown in the figure. The arcs BC
Now the temperature of water will increase from 0ºC to
(radius = b) and DA (radius = a) of the loop are joined
100ºC. Heat supplied will be
by two straight wires AB and CD. A steady current I is
Q3 = msw (100) flowing in the loop. Angle made by AB and CD at the
where, sw = Specific heat of water. origin O is 30°. Another straight thin wire with steady
current I1 flowing out of the plane of the paper is kept
Finally, water at 100ºC will be converted into steam at the origin.
at 100ºC and during this process temperature again
remains constant. Temperature versus heat supplied
Sol 10: (D) Let R0 be the initial resistance of both
graph will be as shown in figure.
conductors

Sol 5: (C) Given D1 = D2 or 1aat = 2α5t ∴ At temperature q their resistance will be,

1 αs 1 αs R1 = R0 (1+ α1 θ) and R2 = R0 (1+ α2 θ)

\ = or =
2 αa 2 + 2 αa + αs for, series combination, Rs = R1 + R2
Rs0 (1+ αs θ) = R0 (1+ α1 θ) +R0 (1+ α2 θ)
Sol 6: (B) Heat released by 5 kg of water when its
temperature falls from 20oC to 0oC is, where Rs0 = R0 + R0 = 2R0

Q1 = mCDθ = (5)(103)(20-0) = 105 cal ∴ 2R0 (1+ αs θ) = 2R0 +R0 θ(α1 + α2 )

when 2 kg ice at – 20ºC comes to a temperature of 0ºC,

α1 + α2
or αs =
it takes an energy 2
R1R 2
Q2 = mCDθ = (2)(500)(20) = 0.2 × 105 cal For parallel combination, Rp =
R1 + R 2
The remaining heat
R 0 (1 + α1θ)R 0 (1 + α2 θ)
Q = Q1 – Q2 = 0.8 × 105 cal will melt a mass m of the ice, Rp0 (1 + αp θ) =
R 0 (1 + α1θ) + R 0 (1 + α2 θ)
Q 0.8 × 105
Where, m = = = 1 kg
L 80 × 103 R 0R 0 R0
Where,
= Rp0 =
So, the temperature of the mixture will be 0ºC, mass of R0 + R0 2
water in it is 5 + 1 = 6 kg and mass of ice is 2 – 1 = 1 kg. R0 R 20 (1 + α1θ + α2 θ + α1α2 θ)
∴ (1 + αp θ) =
2 R 0 (2 + α1θ + α2 θ)
dQ  dm 
Sol 7: (C) = L 
dt  dt  As α1 and α2 are small quantities
Temperaute difference  dm  ∴ α1 α2 is negligible
or = L 
Thermal resis tance  dt  α1 + α2 α1 + α2
or =αp = 1 − (α1 + α2 )θ 
dm 1 1 2 + ( α1 + α2 ) θ 2
or ∝ ;q∝
dt Thermal resis tance R
as (α1 + α2 )2 is negligible
In the first case rods are in parallel and thermal α + α2
∴ αp = 1
R 2
resistance is while in second case rods are in series
2
and thermal resistance is 2R. Sol 11: (D) If temperature increases by ∆T,

q1 2R 4 Increase in length L, ∆L = Lα∆T

= =
q2 R/2 1 ∆L
∴ = α∆T
L
Sol 8: (A) 1 Calorie is the heat required to raise the Let tension developed in the ring is T.
temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5ºC to 15.5ºC at
760 mm of Hg. T ∆L
∴ = Y = Yα∆T
S L
∴ T= SYα∆T
 P hysi cs | 15.41

From FBD of one part of the wheel, JEE Advanced/Boards

F = 2T
Where, F is the force that one part of the wheel applies
Exercise 1
on the other part.
∴ F = 2SYα∆T Sol 1:

Sol 12: (C) Q = Q1 + Q2

o
100 C
(i) 2T = mg = 10 × 10 = 100 (from force and moment
Cu balance
T ⇒ T = 50 N (Tension in each wire)
B Brass
Steel T1 = T2 (moment)
o
0C
0Co
2T = mg (Force eq.)
0.92 × 4(100 − T) 0.26 × 4 × (T − 0) 0.12 × 4 × T ∆ stress 50 / π(0.3 × 10 –3 )2
= + (ii) =strain= =
46 13 12  Y 2 × 1011
50
⇒ 200 – 2T = 2T + T =
π × (0.3)2 × 2 × 105
⇒ T = 40°C
50
0.92 × 4 × 60 = × 10–5
=⇒ Q = 4.8 cal / s π × 2 × (0.3)2
46
= 8.85 × 10–4
Sol 13: (C) Let m mass of fat is used. ⇒D = 8.85 × 10–4 × 2
1
m(3.8 × 107 ) = 10(9.8)(1)(1000) = 1.77 cm.
5
9.8 × 5 1
m
= = 12.89 × 10−3 kg Now energy = × stress × strain × A
3.8 × 103 2
1
= × Y × (strain)2 × A
Sol 14: (D) 2
12 1 1
= α(40 − T) ...(i) = × 2 × 1010 × (8.85 × 10–4)2 × π . (0.3 × 10–3)2
24 × 3600 2 2
−4 1 F = (8.85)2 × 103 × π × (0.3)2 × 10–6 × 2
= α(20 − T) ...(ii)
24 × 3600 2
= (8.85)2 × π × (0.3)2 × 2 × 10–3
From equation (i) and (ii)
= 0.045 J
40 − T
−3 = (iii) D for both has to be same.
20 − T
– 60 + 3T = 40 – T
T T ⇒ Strains has to be same ( is same for both)
F / A1 F / A2
4T = 100 Thus, =
y1 y2
T = 25
⇒ A2Y2 = A1Y1 ⇒ 2 × 1011 × π (0.3 × 10–3)2
From equation (ii)
= 1 × 1011 × π × r12
−4 1
= α(20 − 25) ⇒ r1 = 2 × 0.3 × 10.3 m.
24 × 3600 2
4 1 ⇒ r1 = 0.424 × 10–3m
= × α ×5
24 × 3600 2
⇒ d = 0.848 × 10–3 m
8
=
α = 1.85 × 10−5 /  C = 0.848 × 10–4 m
24 × 3600 × 5
1 5 . 4 2 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

(iv) For strains to be some (given condition is possible ρgx

only when the mass is suspended at some distance σ=
2
from centre) σ(x) ρgx
Now ε(x) = = .
Fs / As FB / AB y 2y
= ρgL
ys yB Thus ε(L / 2) =
4y
Fs FB
⇒ =
As .y s AB .yB

Fs × 4 FB × 4 (b)
⇒ =
2 2
πds × y s dB × yB × π

Fs ds2 × y s
= (dALg – dALg / 2)
FB dB2 × yB Acceleration =
dAL
(0.6)2 × 2 × 1011   = g/2 m/s2
=
(1)2 × 1× 1011

Now using force balance

= 2 × 0.36 = 0.72
(sx+dx – sx) A + ρAgdx = ρAdx(g/2)
⇒ FS = 0.72FB  ∂σ  – ρg
⇒   . dx = .δx
∂
 x 2
Torque balance ⇒ FS.LA = FB.LB
σ x
⇒ 0.72 FB.LA = FB.LB ρg
∫ dσ = –
2 ∫0
⇒ dx
dLg
⇒ LA .(0.72) = LB 2
dLg –dgx
⇒σ= –
Now LA + LB = 0.2 m 2 2
⇒LA (1.72) = 0.2 dg
σ(x) = [L – x]
2
LA = 0.116 ≈ 0.12M
σ(x) dg
So ε(x) = = [L – x]
y 2y
At x = 2L/3
Sol 2: (a)
dg dgL
ε(x) = . [L – 2L/3] =
Force 2y 6y
Mass = d(AL) so acceleration = g/2 =
Mass
Sol 3: Total heat supplied to the system = 100 cal/s ×
Now take a small element of length dx. 240 sec
= 24 × 1000
= 24000 cal
Then we have (sx + dx – sx) A = ρA . dx(g/2) Heat to change temperature from – 20ºC to 0ºC
dσ ρg = 100×0.2×(0 – (–20)]+200×0.5 × (0 + 20)
⇒ (δ ) = dx
dx x 2 = 400 + 2000 = 2400 cal
σ x
ρg ⇒ 24000 – 2400
⇒ ∫ dσ = 2 ∫0
x
0
 P hysi cs | 15.43

= 21600 cal are left a

ycom =
Heat used to change the state of all ice 2 3

= 80 × 200 dy com 1 da 1
Now = × = × a0 . a
dT 2 3 dT 2 3
= 16000 cal
⇒ Heat left = 21600 – 16000 a0 .4 3 × 10 –6
As = a0(1 + α(T – T1)=
= 5600 cal 2 3
So this much each is used to heat the water produced = 4 × 10–6 m/ºC
and the container:
da
= a0 α
5600 = 100 × 0.2 × (T – 0) + 200 × 1 × (T – 0) dT
5600 = 20 T + 200T
Sol 8: da = a0 . α DT⇒ 0.05 = 25 . αA . 100
5600
⇒T= = 25.45ºC ⇒ αA = 0.2 × 10–4 =2 × 10–5/ºC
220
Similarly 0.04 = 40 . αB . 100
Note: This approach is to be used as we don’t know the
final state of water.
⇒ 10 –5 /º C = αB

Sol 4: Mass of drink = 0.833 × 120 = 100 gm

Now
So 50 gm alcohol + 50 gm of water. Let the temperature
be T, then
Now, 0.03 = x . αA . (DT) + (50 – x)αB . DT
miLf + mi.Sw. (T – 0) = mw . Sw . (25 – T) + mA . SA
0.03 = x ×2 × 10–5×50+(50 – x ) 10–5 × 50
.(25 – T)
0.03=100x × 10–5 – 50x × 10–5 +2500×10–5
⇒ 20 × 80 + 20 × 1 × T = 50 × 1 × (25 – T) + 50
× 0.6 × (25 – T) 0.03 = 50x × 10–5 + 0.025
⇒ 1600 + 20 T = 80 × (25 – T) ⇒ 0.005 = 50x × 10–5
⇒ 100 T = 80 × 25 – 1600 ⇒ x = 10 cm
DT = 20 – 16 = 4ºC So LA = 10 cm, LB = 50 – 10 = 40 cm

Sol 5: Let the mass be m, the heat loss rate = R in J/min. Sol 9:
dT
Then m.S . =R
dt

⇒ mS2 .(3) = R

And also
m . Lf = 30 R.
⇒ m . Lf = 30 × m SL . (3)
1 S
⇒ = 2 ⇒ 1 : 90
90 Lf
We have
yBCmBC + y AB .mAB + y AC .mAC 2T cos (90º – θ) = mg
Sol 6: ycom =
mBC + mAB + mAC
⇒ 2T sin θ = mg

3a 3a ⇒ 2T θ ≈ mg [θ is small]
m.(0) + .m + m
= 4 4 mg
⇒T= …(i)
3m 2θ 
1 5 . 4 4 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

AB + BC – AC 2.AB – 2AD Heat required to convert the water at 0ºC

Now strain = =
AC 2AD = 250 × 1 × (25 – 0)

AB – AD AD2 + BD2 – AD = 250 × 25 = 6250 cal

= =
AD AD So the whole water will be converted at 0ºC
  BD  1  2
Now 6250 – 750 = 5500 cal energy is coming from
AD 1 +    – AD melting of ice
  AD  2 
=  
5500
AD ⇒ 5500 = mL ⇒ mi = = 68.75 gm
80
2
1  BD  So ice melted = 68.75 gm
= .  , Now as BD = AD tan θ.
2  AD 
Ice remained = 100 – 68.75
1 θ2
Strain = . tan2θ ≈ [for small q] = 31.25 gm
2 2
Now, Stress = Y × Strain And water = 250 gm + 68.75 gm = 318.75 gm
2
T θ
⇒ =Y× Sol 14: Let the mass = m.
A 2
mg Y × θ2 So 100 × 1 × (90 – 24)
⇒ =
2Aθ 2 =mL + m . 1 × (100 – 90)
mg mg 100 × 66 = 540 m + 10 m.
⇒ = q3⇒ θ = 3
AY AY
6600
⇒m= = 12 gm.
1× 10 550
= 3
4 × 10 –4 × 2 × 1011
Sol 15: (i) Now, from graph,
1 1
= 3 = rad 800 cal produces 80ºC temperature diff.
8 × 106 200
⇒ m . S × DT = E
⇒ m × 0.5 × 1 cal / gm ºC × 80 = 800
Sol 10: Let the mass of ice = m and water = 200 – m So
30 gm (330 – 300) steam is introduced in the system. ⇒ m = 20 gm = 0.02 Kg
2250 (ii) Heat supplied = 1600 – 800 = 800 cal
Latent heat of condensation for water = cal/gm
K. 4.2
⇒ 800 = mLf = Lf = 40 cal/gm = 40,000 cal/kg.
= 535.71 cal/gm k. (iii) m . S . DT = E
Now, heat lost = 535.71 × 30 + 30× 1 × (100 – 50) ⇒ 0.02 × S (120 – 80) = (2200 – 1600)
= 17571.3 cal 600
0.02 × S × 40 =
So heat gained by The mixture = 0.1 × 100 × (50 – 0) + 40
m × 80 + 200 × 1 (50 – 0) = 500 + 10000 + 80 m 600 15 × 100
S= = = 750 cal /kg ºC
⇒17571.3 = 10500 + 80 m 40 × 0.02 0.02

⇒ Mice = 88.4 gm
Sol 16:
So mwater = 200 – 88.4 = 111.6 gm
So ratio = 88.4 : 111.6 = 1 : 1.26

Sol 11: Heat required to fully melt the ice :

2 × 50 × 0.5 × (15) + 2 × 50 × 80
= 750 + 8000 = 8750 cal Heat stored in system = 4 + 1.7 – 5.2 = 0.5 kW
 P hysi cs | 15.45

dT dL
Now power P = Cp . So = (α . DT) = 10–6 . (10) = 10–5
dt L
⇒ 0.5 × 103 = Cp . 0.5 dT 1
⇒ = × 10–5
⇒ Cp = 10 J/ºC = 1000 J/K.
3 T 2
1
⇒ dT = 0.5 × × 10–5
Sol 17: 70 litre = 70,000 cm3 = 70,000 gm 2

= 70 kg. of water [Time period is increasing, so cock has been slowed

down]
Now heat required per minute
1
= m × Sw . (DT) So in 0.5 sec it loses ⇒ 0.5 × × 10–5 sec
2
= 70 × 1000 cal/kgºC × (90 – 10) 1
0.5 × × 10 –5
In 106 sec it loses ⇒ 2 × 106 = 5 sec
= 70 × 1000 × 80 0.5
= 56 × 105 cal/min
Now, 0.32x = 56 ×105 Sol 20:
⇒ x = 56 × 10 /0.32 = 1.75 × 10 cal/min
5 7

So mH = 1.75 × 107.
1.75 × 107 1.75
⇒m= = = 2.08 kg/min
8400 × 10 3 0.84

So for 1 hour = 2.08 kg × 60 = 125 kg/hour.

We have r1g . h1 = r2 . g . h2
Mass 125k g/ hour ρ0 g × h2
So volume = = r0gh1 =
Density 1.2kg / m3 [1 + 105 ( ∆T)]
= 104.16 × m3 / hour
h1[1 + 10 −3 ] = h2

Sol 18: ⇒ h2 = 100 + 0.1 = 100.1 cm

⇒ Dh = 100.1 – 100 = 0.1 cm.

LT = LA + LB. Sol 21:

dL T dL A dLB
⇒ = +
dT dT dT

= α . L + (2α) . (2L) = 5aλ.
We have = L0 (1 + αDT) – L0 = L0(αDT)
1 dL T 5αL 5α
Now . = = And actual length = L0 (1 + αDT) = L
LT dT 3L 3
5α L0 (α∆T) α∆T
⇒ aT = So strain = =
3 L0 (1 + α∆T) 1 + α∆T

L Yα∆T
Sol 19: T = 2π ⇒ Stress = Y × Strain =
g 1 + α∆T

dT 1 dL A × Yα∆T YAα∆T
= × [for small changes] So compressions force = =
T 2 L 1 + α∆T 1 + α∆T
[for quantity 1011 × 10 –3 × 10 –6 × 100
=
A = ambn 1 + 10 –6 × 100

dA da db 10 4
= m. + n. ] = = 104 N.
A a b
1 + 10 –4
1 5 . 4 6 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

Sol 22: Now when both are mixed, 0ºC will be the common
temperature.
Now, Change in volume

m m m.[ρw – ρi ]
= A. (Dh) = – =
ρi ρw ρi .ρw
Where m = Mass of ice melted,
A( ∆h)ρiρw
⇒m=
Now using Pythagoras theorem (ρw – ρi )
12 So energy gained by this much ice
22 = h2 +
4 A( ∆h)ρi ρw × L
= mL =
Now after increasing temp T, (ρw – ρi )
12 Conservation of energy ⇒
22 (1 + a2. DT)2 = h2 + (1 + a1 . DT)2
4 Energy by ice to change temp. + Energy to melt =
    Energy to convert water temp to 0ºC
12 12
h2 =  22 –  + 2 . 22 .α2 – .α1  ∆T A.( ∆h).ρi .ρw .L
 4  4
   ri . A . h . Si . (0 + 20) +
(ρv – ρi )
 2  = rw.A.h.Sw.θ
+ 22 .α22 – 1 .α12  ( ∆T)2
 4  ∆h.ρi ρw .L
⇒ rih.Si.20 + = rw.h.Sw.θ
Now h is independent of DT
2 (ρv – ρi )
12 ρi .Si × 20  ∆h  ρi L
So, 22 .α2 – .α1 = 0 [coeff. of DT] ⇒θ= +   .
4 ρw × S w  h (
 w ρ – ρ ) S
i w
[Now, as (DT)2 has coeff proportional to a2 and hence
= 9 + 36 = 45ºC
negligible]

22 .α1 1 α2 Sol 25: Pressure at the bottom of A is same from both
⇒ 22 .α2 = ⇒ =2
4 2 α1 the sides.
ρA.g.hA = r0.g.h0 – rc.g.hC + ρB.g.hB
Hence proved.
ρAhA = r0.h0 – ρChC + ρB.hB [ρB = r0 = r0]
Sol 23: (i) Entire energy = Heat energy ρ0
.hA=r0.hD − ρ0 .hc +r0.hB
dT [1 + α.(95 – 5)] 1 + α(95 – 5)
So power = m(0.1) × = 180 × 0.1 × 0.5
dt
hA hC
= 9 cal/s= 9 × 4.2 = h0 – + hB
(1 + 90α ) (1 + 90α )
= 37.8 J/s = 37.8 watts
(hA + hC )
(ii) We have P = tω ⇒ = (h0 + hB)
(1 + 90α )
180
So 37.8 = τ × × 2p 52.8 + 49
60 = (51 + 49)
1 + 90α
37.8
⇒τ= = 2.005 Nm.
6π 52.8 + 49
⇒1 + 90α =
100
Sol 24:
101.8 1.8
1 + 90α = ⇒ 90α =
100 100
⇒ α = 0.2 × 10–3
=2 × 10–4/ºC
 P hysi cs | 15.47

Sol 26: Let the density at 0ºC = r0 (a + x)

So sx × A = ρ . (a – x) . w2
ρ0 2
Then density at 100ºC =
1 + γ.∆T ρ.(a2 – x2 ) 2
⇒ σx = w ⇒ Quadratic
ρ0 ρ0 2A
= =
1 + 0.1 1.1
Density at some temperature Sol 2: (C) Stress = y × Strain

ρ0 ρ0 F ∆ F Ay
T= = ⇒ =y× ⇒ = Slope =
1 + γ.(T – 0) (1 + γT) A  ∆ 

And from heat transfer. Sol 3: (D) Heat = mL1 + (mw + mc) . Cw . DT + mLv
110ρo = 10 × 80 + (10 + 10)×1 × 100 + 10 × 540
300 ρoS(T - 0) = S (100 – T)
1.1
= 800 + 5400 + 2000 = 8200 cal
300 T = 100 (100 - T)
⇒ 400 T = 100 × 100 Sol 4: (A) ∆H = mL.
⇒ T = 25ºC dH dm
⇒ = × L =80×0.1 gm/sec
Now from the expansion and contraction we have dt dt

V = V0 (1 + α∆T1 ) + Vo (1 + α∆T2 ) = 8 cal/sec

1 2
V = V0 + Vo So total heat supplied = 800 cal (8 × 100 sec)
1 2
⇒ V – V0 = DV = V0 α∆T1 + Vo α∆T2 So 800 cal = m × L ⇒ m = 10 gm
1 2
= 300 × 0.001 × 25 + 110 × 0.001 × (–75) dH dT dT
So = mS = 10 × 1 cal/gm K–1 × =8
= – 0.75 cm 3 dt dt dt
dT
So the volume decreases by 0.75 cm3 ⇒ = 0.8 ºC/sec
dt

Exercise 2 Sol 5: (A) Let the heat capacity of the flask be m

Then L = Latent heat of fusion
Single Correct Choice Type
Then

Sol 1: (A) 50 L + 50(40 – 0) =

200 × (70 – 40) + (70 – 40) × m
⇒50 L + 2000 = 6000 + 30 m

⇒ 5L = 3m + 400 ….(i)
And
80L + 80 (10 – 0)=250 × (40 – 10) + m (30)
⇒80L + 800 = 7500 + 30 M
⇒8L = 3M + 670
⇒8L = 5L – 400 + 670
⇒L = 90 cal/gm
⇒90 × 4.2 × 103 J/kg = 3.8 × 105 J/Kg

a–x a+ x ∆T
rcom = +x= Sol 6: (D) Slope = ⇒ Increase of heat capacity
2 2 H
Now sx × A = F required for centripetal force
1 5 . 4 8 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

Sol 7: (A) Assuming all potential energy is converted ⇒ C + gc – gs = S

to heat energy
⇒ gs = (C + gc – S)
mL
mgh = ⇒ h = L/5g (C + γ c – S)
5 ⇒ as = ; (C)
3
Sol 8: (C) Vap. ⇒ between 20 – 30 min
Sol 16: (A) Volume of sphere
⇒ Heat supp = (30 – 20) × 42 KJ = 420 kJ 4π 4 22 7
3
= ×R3 = × ×   = 179.66(m3)
⇒ mL = 420 3 3 3 2
⇒ L = 84 So density of sphere = 1.4833
Now, the density of sphere = Density of water (for just
Sol 9: (D) 8 volumes of A = 12 volume of B scenting)
⇒ 2 volumes of A = 3 volumes of B 1.527 1.527
⇒ 1.4833 gm/cm3 = =
1 + γ.∆T 1 + 35γ
So, suppose the volume V,
⇒ γ = 8.486 × 10–4
Then C2V = C3V
Thus, ρA . (2V) . SA = ρB . (3V) . SB Sol 17: (B) Change in volume of Mercury = V0gm.T
⇒ 1500 × 2 SA = 3 × 2000 × SB Change in volume of bulb = V03agT
⇒ SA/SB = 2/1 So excess volume of mercury = V0(gm – 3ag)T
∆L And new area of glass = A0 (1 + 2agT)
Sol 12: (B) We have, = α∆T = 0.01
L V0 .( γm – 3αg )T
dA ⇒ Length =
So = 2αDT = 0.02 A0 (1 + 2αg T)
A

Sol 13: (A) Let the length be = L Sol 18: (C) 3αB = 10–3 ºC–1 and 3ac = 3 × 10–3 ºC–1

Now L (1 + 2 × 10–6× 40) So when heated, the ratio of volumes increases by

= 100 mm. (1 + 12 × 10–6 × 40) benzene = 3αB.DT = 10–2

L is Length at 40ºC (Cylindrical vessel = 3 × 10–2 )

so new vol : Benzene = 10–2 V0 + V0
(1 + 12 × 10 –6 × 40)
⇒L = 100 × (Cylindrical vessel) = (1 + 3 × 10–2)v0
(1 + 2 × 10 –6 × 40)
( >1) Change in volume = 2 × 10–2 V0 .
⇒L > 100 mm So the height will decrease as the volume of cylindrical
vessel would be more.
Sol 14: (C) BABCD = BEFGH = ax + ay
Sol 19: (B) We have ∆L = LαDT
= 3 × 10–5
⇒ 0.075 = 20 × αA × 100
(A) and (B) are incorrect.
Also BBCGH = ay + az = (2 + 3) × 10–5 3.75 × 10–5 = αA

= 5 × 10–5 ⇒ (B) incorrect. And 0.045 = 20 × αB × 100

(C) ⇒ ax + ay = (2 + 1) × 10–5 = 3 × 10–5 ⇒ 2.25 × 10–5 = αB
(C) is correct. Now, let the length of A part be x com.

Sol 15: (C) We have, x – gc = C

And x – gs = S
 P hysi cs | 15.49

so ∆L = x . αA . DT + (20 – x) αB . DT Sol 23: (A, B, C)

0.06 = 20 αB . DT + x . DT (αA – αB)
0.06 = 0.045 + x × 100 . [1.5 × 10–5]
⇒ 0.015 = x × 1.5 – 10 –3

⇒ x = 10 cm

Sol 20: (D) Now the volume of air is same

Now TB = F = mg/3
⇒DV = Same (independent of DT) 4mg
And TA = mg + TB =
change in vol. of mercury - change in vol of glass = 0 3
⇒ gm.Vm.DT – gg.Vg.DT = 0 Now, if rA = rB then as TB < TA, the σA > σB and hence A
will break.
⇒ γm .Vm =
γ g .Vg

⇒ 1.8 × 10–4 × 300 = x × 9 × 10–6

⇒ x = 20 ×300 = 6000 cm3

Sol 21: (C) We have

r1gh1 = r2gh2 [pressure is same]
124 × g × ρ0 If rA > 2rB ⇒ σA > σB ⇒ (B)
⇒ r0 × g × 120 =
(1 + γ.∆T)
If rA = 2rB
124
⇒(1 + γ.DT) = ⇒ σA = σB and either rope can break.
120

1 Sol 24: (B, C)

⇒ γ.DT = ⇒γ=
900

Multiple Correct Choice Type New length

= L0 (1 + αDT) and change in length = ∆L
Sol 22: (A, C) = L0αDT
 α∆T 
So strain in each rod =  
 1 + α∆T 
 α∆T 
⇒ Stress = E  
F F  1 + α∆T 
Stress in steel = , stress in copper =
2A A A.E.(α∆T)
And Force =
F F (1 + α∆T)
Strain in steel = , strain in copper =
2AE AE So, (B) Energy
L0 .F 2L0 .F
Extension = , extension in copper = 1
2AE AE = × Stress × strain × Volume.
2

Same for all A×

Same
for all
So Energy α area ⇒ (C)
1 5 . 5 0 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

Mg  Sol 35: (B) Factual

Sol 25: (A, C, D) (A) Stress = , strain =
A L
1 mg  mg Sol 36: (B) Lf = 80 cal/gm = 80 × 4.2 × 103
So energy stored = × × ×AL =
2 A 2 2 = 8 × 4.2 × 104 J/kg

Sol 26: (D) No kinetics involved = 336000

Sol 27: (A, C, D) β = 2α ⇒ (A) Sol 37: (D) for mass > 1 kg

(C) ⇒ β = 3α ⇒ (C) We have thermal capacity = m.S.

0.002 = αDT = α × 80 ⇒ Thermal cap > S

2
⇒α= × 10–4 ⇒ 0.25 × 10–4
8

Sol 28: (B) ( ρ )(V/2) × g = ( ρs ) × V × g Previous Years’ Questions

⇒ ρ = 2 ρs .
Sol 1: (B, D) Let 0 be the initial length of each strip
before heating. Length after heating will be
Sol 29: (D) Let the fraction be f, DT = Change in temp
ρL ρs
So . (f . v) × g = v×g
(1 + γL ∆T) (1 + γS ∆T)
ρs (1 + γL ∆T)
⇒f= .
ρL (1 + γS ∆T)
1 (1 + rL ∆T)
f= ×
2 (1 + rS ∆T)
Now the f depends on whether
γL > gs or gs > γL B = 0(1 + αBDT) = (R + d )q

and C = 0(1 + αCDT) = Rq

Sol 30: (A) We have
1 + γL T R+d  1 + αB ∆T 
= 1 for all T. \ = 
R  1 + α ∆T 
1 + γs T  C 
⇒ γL = gS ⇒ γL = 3as. d
\ 1+ = 1 + (αB – ac) DT
R
Sol 31: (A) We have [From binomial expansion]
ρ d
. A0 (1 + 2asDT).h.g= r.A0.h × g \ R=
(1 + γL .∆T) (αB – αC )∆T
⇒ 1 + 2asDT = 1 + γLDT 1 1
or R∝ ∝
∆T | αB – αC |
⇒ γL = 2αs
Sol 2: Heat liberated when 300 g water 25ºC goes to
water at 0ºC : Q = msDθ = (300) (1) (25) = 7500 call
Sol 32: (A) Correct explanation.
From Q = mL, this much heat can melt mass of ice given
by
Sol 33: (A) Refer theory.
Q 7500
m= = = 93.75 g
Sol 34: (A) Statement-I may be true statement-II is true. L 80
i.e., whole ice will not melt.
But statement-I is only possible when bω > Bcontainer
Hence, the mixture will be at 0ºC
 P hysi cs | 15.51

Mass of water in mixture 0.45 kg ice at 253 K

Q
= 300 + 93.75 = 393.75 g and 3 → 0.45 kg ice at 273 K

Mass of ice in mixture 0.45 kg ice at 273 K
Q
= 100 – 93.75 = 6.25 g 4 → 0.45 kg water at 273 K

Q1 = (50) (540) = 27,000
Sol 3: Heat lost in time t = Pt = ML
Q2 = (50) (1) (100) = 5000
Pt
\ L= Q3 = (450) ( 0.5) (20) = 4500
M
Q4 = (450 (80) = 36000
Sol 4: CP = Cv + R ∴ Cp > Cv Now since Q1 + Q2 > Q3 but Q1 + Q2 < Q3 + Q4 ice will
come to 273 K from 253 K, but whole ice will not melt.
Sol 5: Let m be the mass of the steam required to raise Therefore, temperature of the mixture is 273K.
the temperature of 100 g of water from 24ºC to 90ºC.
Heat lost by steam = Heat gained by Sol 8: Language of question is slightly wrong. As heat
capacity and specific heat are two different physical
Water \ m (L + sDq1) = 100sDq2 quantities. Unit of heat capacity is J-kg–1 not J – kg–1 - ºC–1.
(100)(s)( ∆θ2 ) The heat capacity given in the question is really
or m=
L + s( ∆θ1 ) the specific heat. Now applying the heat exchange
equation.
Here, s =Specific heat of water= 1 cal/g-ºC,
420 = (m × 10–3) (2100) (5) + (1 × 10–3) (3.36 × 105)
L=Latent heat of vaporization = 540 cal/kg.
Solving this equation we get, m = 8g
Dq1 = (100 – 90) = 10ºC
\ The correct answer is 8.
and Dq2 = (90 – 24) = 66ºC
Substituting the values, we have
Sol 9: (9)
(100)(1)(66) x P (10-)x
m= = 12 g
(540) + (1)(10) o
0 C (ice) 400oC o
100 C (steam)
\ m = 12 g

dmice dmvapour
Sol 6: When the temperature is increased, volume =
of the cube will increase while density of liquid will dt dt
decrease. The depth upto which the cube is submerged 400kS 300kS
=
in the liquid remains the same. λxLice (100 − λ )xL vapour

Upthrust = Weight. Therefore, upthrust should not λ =9

change MgL
Sol 10: (3) Change in length ∆L = = L ∝ ∆T
F = F’ YA
∴ m ≈ 3kg
\ViρLg = V’iρ’Lg (Vi=volume immersed)
∴(Ahi) (ρL) (g) Sol 11: (A) Rate of radiation energy lost by the sphere
 ρL  = Rate of radiation energy incident on it
=A(1 + 2asDT) (hi) 
 1 + γ ∆T  g
 1 
⇒ σ × 4 πr 2  T 4 − (300)=
4
912 × πr 2
Solving this equation, we get g1 = 2as  
⇒ T= 11 × 102 ≈ 330K
Sol 7: 0.05 kg steam at 373 K
Q
1 → 0.05 kg water at 373 K
Sol 12: (A, D) If the temperature distribution was

uniform (assuming a uniform cross section for the
0.05 kg water at 373 K filament initially) the rate of evaporation from the
Q
2 → 0.05 kg water at 273 K

1 5 . 5 2 | Calorimetr y and Thermal Expansion

surface would be same everywhere. But because the Sol 13: (A) Let temperature of junction = T
filaments break at random locations; it follows that the P Q. R K S
cross-sections of various filaments are non-uniform.
o o
 T = 10 C L = 1m T L = 1m T = 400 C
VA VB
r(x) dQ 2KA(T − 10) KA(400 − T)
Rate of heat transfer
= = =
dt L L
x ⇒ 2(T - 10) = 400 - T
δx
δR(x) =
ρ 3T = 420 dx
πr(x)2 x
T = 140°C
The temperature of points A and B are decided by
For wire PQ
ambient temperature are identical. Then the average
heat flow through the section S is O. After sufficiently ∆T 140 − 10
= = 130
long time, this condition implies that the temperature ∆x 1
across the filament will be uniform. If the instantaneous Temp. at distance x
current is i(t) through the filament then by conservation
of energy : T = 10 + 130 x
T - 30 = 130x
(VB − VA )2 dx 4 2
× = eσ2πr9x).δ(x)T + ρπr(x) .dxL v Inc. in length of small element
R(t)2 κπr(x)2

in above κ = Material conductivity dy

dy =∝ ∆T
dx =∝ ∆T
R(t) = Resistance of whole filament as a function of time dx
dy
dy ∝ (T − 10)
=
ρ = Material density dx ∝ (T − 10)
=
dx
Lv = Latent heat of vapourisation for the material at
temperature T dy
=∝ (130x)
dx
Since R(t) increases with time L
∆L

P(t) =
(VB − VA ) 2
decreases
∫0 dy 130 ∝ ∫ x dx
=
0
R(t) 2
130 ∝ x
∆L =
2
130 × 1.2 × 10−5 × 1
∆L =
2
−5
∆L = 78 × 10 m = 0.78mm