Lab8

1.
ASTM A36 / A36M – Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
• Meaning: Defines the properties of carbon steel used for structural

applications in bridges and buildings.
• Purpose: To specify the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and
dimensional requirements for carbon steel used in structural shapes, plates,
and bars.
• Procedure:
o Steel is subjected to chemical analysis (e.g., carbon content,
manganese).
o Mechanical testing includes tensile strength, yield strength, elongation,
and impact resistance.
2. ASTM C33 / C33M – Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
• Meaning: Specifies the requirements for the materials used in concrete

production, particularly aggregates.
• Purpose: To ensure aggregates used in concrete are clean, durable, and of
appropriate size and gradation.
• Procedure:
o Sieve analysis is conducted to determine particle size distribution.
o Cleanliness and soundness tests are performed to check for impurities
and durability.
3. ASTM D638 – Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
• Meaning: Describes a test method for determining the tensile properties of

plastics.
• Purpose: To assess the strength and elasticity of plastic materials when
stretched.
• Procedure:
o A plastic sample is prepared in a specific shape (e.g., dog-bone).
o The sample is subjected to a tensile test where force is applied until the
material breaks, and properties like tensile strength and elongation are
recorded.
4. ASTM D618 – Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
• Meaning: Specifies conditions for conditioning plastic materials before testing.

• Purpose: To ensure plastics are tested under consistent temperature and
humidity conditions, eliminating variability.
• Procedure:
o Samples are exposed to specific temperature and humidity levels for a
set period before testing for mechanical properties like tensile strength
and impact resistance.
5. ASTM D297 – Standard Test Methods for Rubber Products—Determining the

Chemical Composition of Unvulcanized Rubber
• Meaning: Provides procedures for determining the chemical composition of
rubber materials before vulcanization.
• Purpose: To identify the components in unvulcanized rubber such as fillers,
oils, and rubbers.
• Procedure:
o Rubber samples undergo chemical extraction or solvent-based
methods.
o The rubber's composition is determined by weighing and chemical
analysis of the extracted components.
6. ASTM E84 – Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of

Building Materials
• Meaning: Defines a test to measure the flame spread and smoke

development characteristics of building materials.
• Purpose: To evaluate the fire hazard of materials in building construction.
• Procedure:
o The material is placed in a test chamber, and a flame is applied.
o The flame spread and smoke development are monitored, and an
index (FSI and SDI) is calculated to determine the fire hazard.
7. ASTM F2413 – Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for

Protective (Safety) Footwear
• Meaning: Specifies the performance requirements for safety footwear.

• Purpose: To ensure that footwear provides adequate protection against
injuries from impacts, punctures, and electrical hazards.
• Procedure:
o Footwear is subjected to various tests, including impact, compression,
puncture resistance, and slip resistance, to verify it meets specific
safety standards.
8. ASTM A992 / A992M – Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes
• Meaning: Specifies the requirements for steel used in structural applications

such as wide-flange beams and columns.
• Purpose: To ensure steel shapes have the appropriate chemical composition
and mechanical properties for structural use.
• Procedure:
o Steel undergoes chemical analysis and mechanical tests, including
tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to ensure it meets
required specifications.
9. ASTM C150 / C150M – Standard Specification for Portland Cement
• Meaning: Specifies the requirements for Portland cement, which is used in

making concrete.
• Purpose: To ensure the quality and consistency of cement used in
construction.
• Procedure:
o Cement is tested for chemical composition (e.g., calcium oxide, silica
content) and physical properties such as setting time, fineness, and
compressive strength.
10. ASTM D1141 – Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean
Water
• Meaning: Describes how to prepare synthetic ocean water for testing

purposes.
• Purpose: To simulate seawater for corrosion testing and other applications.
• Procedure:
o A specified mixture of salts (e.g., sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate)
is dissolved in distilled water to replicate the properties of natural ocean
water.
11. ASTM D92 – Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Open Cup Tester
• Meaning: Specifies a method for determining the flash and fire points of
petroleum products.
• Purpose: To determine the temperature at which a petroleum product
releases enough vapor to ignite (flash point) and sustain combustion (fire
point).
• Procedure:
o The sample is heated in an open cup, and a flame is applied at
intervals. The flash and fire points are recorded when vapor ignites and
sustains combustion.
12. ASTM C578 – Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene

Insulation
• Meaning: Specifies requirements for rigid cellular polystyrene used in

insulation applications.
• Purpose: To ensure the insulation material has the necessary thermal and
mechanical properties for building applications.
• Procedure:
o Tests include compressive strength, dimensional stability, thermal
conductivity, and water absorption to ensure quality.
13. ASTM A106 – Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
High-Temperature Service
• Meaning: Defines the requirements for seamless carbon steel pipes used in
high-temperature applications like boilers and pressure vessels.
• Purpose: To ensure the steel pipe can withstand high temperatures and
pressures without failure.
• Procedure:
o Steel pipes undergo chemical analysis and mechanical tests (e.g.,
tensile strength, yield strength).
o Dimensional checks are also performed to ensure proper fit and
strength.
14. ASTM B16 / B16M – Standard Specification for Forged Brass and Bronze
Valve Bodies
• Meaning: Specifies the requirements for forged brass and bronze valve
bodies used in piping systems.
• Purpose: To ensure the valve bodies meet the mechanical and chemical
properties required for safe and reliable operation.
• Procedure:
o Chemical composition and mechanical properties (tensile strength,
yield strength) are tested.
o Inspection for dimensions and surface finishes is conducted.
15. ASTM D648 – Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
Under Flexural Load
• Meaning: Specifies a method for determining the temperature at which a

plastic material deflects under a specified flexural load.
• Purpose: To measure the thermal performance of plastics when subjected to
stress.
• Procedure:
o A plastic sample is heated while a defined weight is applied. The
temperature at which a specified deflection occurs is recorded.

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1.

ASTM A36 / A36M – Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel

• Meaning: Defines the properties of carbon steel used for structural

2. ASTM C33 / C33M – Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

• Meaning: Specifies the requirements for the materials used in concrete

3. ASTM D638 – Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics

• Meaning: Describes a test method for determining the tensile properties of

4. ASTM D618 – Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing

• Meaning: Specifies conditions for conditioning plastic materials before testing.

5. ASTM D297 – Standard Test Methods for Rubber Products—Determining the

6. ASTM E84 – Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of

• Meaning: Defines a test to measure the flame spread and smoke

7. ASTM F2413 – Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for

• Meaning: Specifies the performance requirements for safety footwear.

8. ASTM A992 / A992M – Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes

• Meaning: Specifies the requirements for steel used in structural applications

9. ASTM C150 / C150M – Standard Specification for Portland Cement

• Meaning: Specifies the requirements for Portland cement, which is used in

• Meaning: Describes how to prepare synthetic ocean water for testing

12. ASTM C578 – Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene

• Meaning: Specifies requirements for rigid cellular polystyrene used in

• Meaning: Specifies a method for determining the temperature at which a

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