Introduction to Algorithms
Algorithms are step-by-step procedures or formulas for solving problems. They
form the foundation of computer science, as they are used to perform tasks such as
searching, sorting, data processing, and decision making. Algorithms are designed
to be efficient, meaning they can solve a problem using the least amount of time
and resources possible.
Key concepts:
- Time complexity: A measure of the efficiency of an algorithm, typically
expressed using Big O notation (e.g., O(n), O(log n)).
- Sorting algorithms: Algorithms like bubble sort, merge sort, and quicksort
used to arrange data in a specific order.
- Search algorithms: Techniques like binary search and linear search for
finding an element in a dataset.
Example:
- A binary search algorithm finds a specific element in a sorted list by
repeatedly dividing the search interval in half.