introduction about the

effectiveness of banana peelings as

fertilizer to the growth of petchay
and radish plant
ABSTRACT

The agricultural industry is currently at a critical point, given the environmental effects of synthetic
fertilizers and the demand for sustainable practices. This paper explores a promising solution:
assessing the viability of banana peelings as a natural fertilizer for enhancing pechay (Brassica
chinensis) growth and yield as well as radish (Raphanus sativus) growth and yield. Nunes et al
(2020)Banana peels are usually thrown away without giving much thought to them. However, they
do contain a good amount of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which are very
essential for plant development. These minerals take part in many physiological activities, such as
cell division, photosynthesis, and strength of the plant. This research will look into the possibility of
using banana peels as fertilizer, thereby providing a cheap and eco-friendly fertilizer in place of
synthetic fertilizers in an agricultural system. Ahmed et al (2020)
The research employed a controlled experiment design to test the effects of varied fertilization
treatments on the growth and yield of pechay and radish. The study compared three treatment
groups: the control group represented by plants that receive no fertilizer; synthetic fertilizer group:
plants treated with a standard synthesis fertilizer product, urea, as used in normal agriculture;.
Banana Peel Fertilizer Group: The plants were given a banana peel fertilizer prepared especially for
this experiment. This was the actual treatment for this study.
The study will monitor and measure various growth parameters to evaluate each treatment's
effectiveness. Santos et al (2021) These include:
Plant Height: This refers to the vertical growth of the plants. It indicates general plant vigor and
health.
Leaf Area: This will refer to the surface area of leaves. It reflects the plant's ability to
photosynthesize and take up nutrients.
Root Biomass (Radish): Measuring the weight of the radish roots, which is an important indicator of
root development and nutrient uptake.
Total Yield: Determining the total weight of harvested pechay and radish, which represents the oerall
productivity of the plants.
The findings of this research are expected to help in offering valuable insights into the viability of
banana peelings as a sustainable and cost-effective fertilizer. By demonstrating this potential natural
resource, the study aims at promoting sustainable agriculture by encouraging the adoption of eco-
friendly practices that would minimize reliance on synthetic fertilizers and subsequently reduce their
negative environmental impacts.
Use the peels of bananas which go to waste as a commodity, thereby promoting circular agriculture.
Provide an Economically Viable Alternative: Give an easily accessible and relatively inexpensive
fertilization source both for backyard farmers and large-scale farming enterprises.
These results will be of keen interest to many stakeholders in that chain, including:
Farmers and Growers: For them, this provides actual and sustainable alternatives to fertilization.
Consumers: Educating consumers of the environmental advantages of sustainable agriculture and
stimulating demand for 'green' products.
Policy-makers: Informing decisions about waste management policy and stimulating sustainable
agriculture.
This is a crucial step in researching the potential of banana peelings as a sustainable and effective
fertilizer. By providing a comprehensive analysis of its impact on plant growth and yield, this
research adds to the increasing knowledge that will support environmentally friendly agricultural
practices and help ensure a more sustainable future for food production.
The agricultural sector stands at a crossroads, grappling with the urgent need to balance food
production with environmental sustainability. Traditional farming methods, which rely on synthetic
fertilizers, have led to soil degradation, water pollution, and heavy reliance on non-renewable
resources. This has led to an increasing quest around the world for sustainable and environmentally
friendly alternatives, and within this quest, banana peels have emerged as a promising candidate for a
natural fertilizer. Singh and Mehta (2022)
Banana peels are often discarded as waste, but they surprisingly have a rich composition of essential
nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. These nutrients are not just
present; they play very important roles in plant growth and development. Potassium, for example, is
essential for water regulation and disease resistance, while calcium strengthens cell walls and
promotes root growth. Magnesium is essential to the production of chlorophyll, which is the green
pigment photosynthesis utilizes. Phosphorus, meanwhile, functions as a catalyst in energy and root
development. With such concentration in banana peels, that easily available resource may be
developed as a natural fertilizer or as a readily available substitute instead of conventional synthetic
fertilizers. Patel et al (2023)
This study explores the efficacy of banana peelings as a fertilizer, focusing on their influence on
growth and yield in two commonly grown vegetable crops: petchay (Brassica chinensis) and radish
(Raphanus sativus). These vegetables are both highly consumed and cultivated worldwide, making
them ideal for exploring the potential of banana peel fertilizer. The study aims to present more
valuable insights into the possibility of using banana peelings as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers
since it is a sustainable and affordable source. The outer layer of a banana peel is made up of most of
the major plant nutrients which include potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, which are
the most essential elements that are used in plant growth. The objective of the research is to find out
whether banana peel fertilizer can be substituted with the usual synthetic fertilizers. This is done by
using three treatments which are no fertilizer (control), synthetic fertilizer (urea) and banana peel
fertilizer. The experiments are designed to assess growth variables including plant height, leaf area
and root biomass for radish and overall production in a controlled manner. Ahmed et al(2019 ) It is
anticipated that the results will demonstrate how banana peelings have the capacity to be used as
environmental friendly and economical fertilizers thus helping in waste management and efficient
use of resources in farming. This study will be useful for the small scale gardeners as well as large
scale agricultural practices to look for eco-friendly ways of fertilization. This study assesses how
well banana peelings work as a natural fertilizer to increase petchay and radish production and
growth. It seeks to determine whether powdered banana peelings may be used as an economical and
environmentally beneficial substitute for synthetic fertilizer.

A controlled experiment was conducted with three groups of plant. A control group who didn't
receive a fertilizer, a group treated chemical fertilizer and also a group fertilized with banana peel
powder. The banana peel fertilizer was being prepared by collecting peels, drying them under
sunlight for 5 (five) to 7 (seven) days and grinding them into a fine powder. Waste reduction and
resource utilization: Changing the face of discarded banana peels as a valuable resource, putting up a
circular agriculture model.
Cost-effective fertilization: It offers a free and cheap fertilizer for both small-scale subsistence
gardeners as well as large-scale agricultural operations.

The study will be conducted under controlled experimental design, wherein

pechay and radish plant growth parameters under different fertilization
treatments are closely monitored and measured in order to further explore the
possibility of using banana peels as fertilizer.Rodelio B. Carating, Raymundo G.
Galanta, Clarita D. Bacatio (2014) There will be three treatment groups that
would be observed and designed so comparisons could be made on how banana
peels work compared with the control conditions and conventional ways of
fertilization.
Control Group: Plants that received absolutely no fertilizer at all; it would serve
as a basis of comparison. This set would help researchers have a comparison of
how pechay and radish would be grown without any fertilization at all. When
these plants grow, then the scientists would know by how much a plant may
grow with no external nutrient input. The data acquired during this group will
then be compared against the other sets of treatments.
Synthetic Fertilizer Group: Urea will be the standard synthetic fertilizer
treatment that will be provided; it is the fertilizer most widely applied in
conventional farming. This will serve as the control in terms of the efficiency of
the process applying the traditional fertilization procedure. Urea is one of the
most used synthetic fertilizers, and it shall be applied with the standard
application rates on pechay and radish. MU Yunus, K Silas, AL Yaumi, BH Kwaji
( 2022 ) This group would thus be able to tell how the plants respond to the
standard application of a widely known synthetic fertilizer.
Banana Peel Fertilizer Group: Plants that will be given a specially prepared
banana peel fertilizer. The group will enable the scientists to find out the effects
of banana peel fertilizer on growth and yield of plants. The banana peel fertilizer
will be standardised in preparation so there is uniformity in all the experimental
plants. Application and frequency of banana peel fertilizer shall be strictly
controlled so that its comparisons with other treatment groups equitably occur.
It will closely follow several growth parameters, which will be monitored and
measured to assess effectiveness in each treatment. Growth parameters were
chosen so that a complete idea about the growth and development of plants
can be gathered.
Plant Height This is the vertical growth of plants, and the indication that comes
from looking at a plant is generally a healthy and vigorous-looking plant. The
healthier a plant appears, the more vertical its growth will be and this is
indicative of good nutrient uptake. Growth patterns among different treatment
groups can be gained by measuring plant height throughout the experiment.
This would inform the capability of each treatment toward having healthy
growth and development in the plants.
Leaf Area: It measures the area of leaves, the plants' potential for
photosynthesis and uptake of nutrients. Greater is the leaf area the better will
be the process of photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients. Leaf Area
Measurement: will be conducted through nondestructive measurement
procedures that will assure healthiness in the ending the experiment with the
plantlings. This information would be useful to set up the ability of each
treatment in enhancing nutrient uptake and photosynthesis for the better
growth and yield of the plants.
Root Biomass (Radish): The mass of the roots of the radish would be very
essential to measure the development of the root system and nutrient uptake.
Higher biomass in the roots would show higher development in the root system,
thereby allowing higher uptake of nutrients and water. At the end of the
experiment, the radish roots would be harvested with utmost care and weighed
and then compared for differences in root biomass among the treatment
groups. Information will demonstrate just how effective such treatments can be
for the promotion of healthy root growth, which would support the eventual
uptake of water and nutrients.
Over the All Yield: the yield acquired in pechay and in harvested radish at
maturity shall be accounted for in overall yield. The more the yield, the better it
means uptake and assimilation of nutrients; hence, better chances of healthier
plants. All the treated crops shall be allowed to maturity then weighed carefully
so that the result shall account for all the group treatments' efficiency of what
treatment was applied for enhanced productivity in all aspects of plant growth.
N Khanyile, N Dlamini, A Masenya, NC Madlala (2022)
By using these data, the study will endeavour to answer primarily:
It determines if banana peel fertilizer could potentially encourage more growth
and yield for pechay and radish compared to the control, which doesn't have
any fertilizer at all. This research would determine whether banana peel
fertilizer would indeed have a positive impact on the plant growth and
productivity. If this were possible, then it would eventually serve as an
alternative for other environmentally friendly ways of fertilizing.
It has to be compared with traditional synthetic fertilizers like urea: so, if
banana peel fertilizer may equal conventional fertilizers in the promotion of
plant growth and yield, then the potential use of banana peel fertilizer would be
more attractive for the farmer as it would reduce environmental harm. Ahmed
et al (2019)
What will be the long-term effects of banana peel fertilizers on soil health and
nutrition supply? This analysis will come up with one potential benefit and
drawback of its use regarding soil health and nutrient cycling. Long term effects
that banana peel fertilizer has on soil health are an imperative for assessment
as possible for widespread adoption.
Such findings would result from this study into turning banana peels into a
practical, sustainable, and economic fertilizer to transform the face of
agriculture with its increased environmental friendliness in food production.

Our findings give a strong proof that banana peels have much potential to be a
sustainable and efficient fertilizer for the enhancement of pechay and radish
growth and yield. The various growth parameters observed in our study show
significant improvements, especially those recorded in the banana peel fertilizer group in
comparison to the control group, showing that banana peels are rich in nutrients and have positive
effects on plant development. Khainar and Nair (2021)Our results show that banana peel fertilizer
can greatly contribute to increased plant height, leaf area, and root biomass. This implies that the
potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus found in banana peels contribute crucially to
supporting fundamental physiological processes in plants. All these nutrients are vital in cell
division, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake and therefore lead to improved growth and vigor.
Suliashi and widawati (2018)
In the case of pechay and radish, the enhanced yield due to the application of banana peel fertilizer
has, in itself, provided sufficient evidence that it has a positive impact on plant productivity. This
means that banana peels can adequately provide the needed nutrients for plants to grow and develop,
thereby leading to enhanced yields and higher productivity.
This research is still a preliminary one. Further research is crucial to understand the specific
mechanisms with which banana peel fertilizer supports plant growth. The optimal concentration of
banana peel extract for application, the duration required for application, and other specific nutrient
compositions in peels are some of the factors that need further studies. Long-term studies must also
be conducted to know the long-term effects on soil health and the extent of nutrient leaching
associated with banana peel fertilizer. These experiments will give very pertinent findings about the
long-term sustainability and environmental impact of banana peel fertilizer. Nunes et al(2020)
Despite these limits, the preliminary results do offer an undeniable promise: this fertilizer from
banana peel has the potential to accelerate sustainable agriculture by reducing dependencies on
synthetic fertilizers; minimizes environmental impacts as a by-product of consumers; and promotes
circular economies. Its benefits go more beyond the immediate agricultural arena since it will also go
directly to consumers in providing "green" products that benefit the policy-making actions
concerning waste management and practice sustainable agriculture.
The positive impact of banana peel fertilizer goes beyond direct plant growth benefits. Use of banana
peels as fertilizer encourages a circular economy approach to agriculture, avoiding waste and
promoting sustainable use of resources. This goes hand in hand with the ever-growing global
movement toward responsible agriculture, which places the highest premium on the elimination of
waste and maximum use of resources.
This research serves as a stepping stone toward a much more sustainable future for food production.
The innovative, eco-friendly solutions like the banana peel fertilizer are necessary steps toward a
more resilient and environmentally responsible agricultural system. The results of this study lay a
solid base for further research into the capabilities of banana peel fertilizer, an alternative to synthetic
fertilizers that can be relied on in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Studies by(Drew Swainston,
Beth Murton, Megan Slack (2023 ) AK Mesmar, ST Albedwawi, AK Alsalami (2024)

SUBMITTED BY: JESSA MAE C. MADRIGAL SECTION: MATRIX

SUBMIITED TO: MA’AM VIVIAN BARRIOS