Ladder Safety

Ladder Safety
Ladder Safety
Training Objectives:
Know Ladder Safety
Know Scaffold Safety
Know Excavation Safety
Ladder Safety
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.25-27
Ladder Selection
Ladder Inspection
Ladder Set-up
Ladders Safety
Ladder Maintenance
and Storage
Ladder Selection-Material
Fiberglass: Nonconductive, which makes it a

good choice when working around electricity. It
is also corrosion resistant and ideal for outdoor
use.
Aluminum: Lightweight, but not for use when
contact with electricity is possible. It is easy to
maneuver when frequent handling is required.
Wood: Nonconductive, which makes it a good
choice for working around electricity. It is an
economical choice for heavy maintenance and
construction.
Ladder Selection-Size
Stepladders – No more than 20 feet high

Ladder Size Maximum Standing Height
4 feet 2 feet
6 feet 4 feet
8 feet 6 feet
10 feet 8 feet
12 feet 10 feet
Avoid standing on top two (2) steps
Ladder Selection-Size
Extension Ladders - No more than 60 feet

Normal Length Overlap required
Up to and including 36 3 feet
Over 36, up to and including 48 4 feet
Over 48, up to 60 5 feet
Maximum working height – Avoid using the
top four (4) rungs
Ladder Inspection
Rungs must be intact and clean, especially free

from grease and oil.
Make sure there are no splinters or sharp
edges.
See that metal ladders are not dented or bent.
Make sure the hinge spreader works properly.
All support braces and bolts must be secure.
Ensure rope is not frayed or badly worn on
extension ladders.
Safety feet and auxiliary devices functional.
Ladder Set-Up
An important part of fall protection is the

proper use of ladders.
Keep the ladder at angle that your feet touch
the base, when your outstretched arm
touches the rungs.
Erect on solid level surface.
Never place in front of door unless door is secured.
Stepladder – ensure the spreader is locked.
Ladder Set-Up Cont.
Tie-off (lash) top and bottom if no

one is available to hold to
prevent slipping.
Extension – extend ladder 3 feet
above support if used to access
roof or other elevated surfaces.
Extension – use the ¼ rule (for
every 4 feet in height, move 1
foot at base).
Ladder Safety
Always have three points of contact when

climbing (two feet/one hand or two hand/one
foot).
Test pulleys, springs, rung locks and ropes on
extension ladders.
Wear slip resistant type shoes with heels.
Do not carry objects up and down the ladder.
Raise and lower needed tools and materials
with a rope or bucket.
Maintain the center line of your body between
the ladder’s vertical support rails while working.
Ladder Maintenance & Storage
It’s best to hang a ladder

horizontally on wall hooks in a dry
place not subject to temperature
extremes and direct sunlight.
Metal bearings of locks, wheels,
pulleys, etc., shall be frequently
lubricated.
Have repair work done only by a
competent repair shop. If there is
major damage – discard.
Scaffold Safety
OSHA standard, 1926.450
Scaffold Platform:
no more than 1” gaps
maximum openings of 9½”
scaffold platforms and walkways 18” wide
ladder jack, top plate bracket, roof bracket, and
pump jack scaffold at least 12” wide
On direction changes, any platform on a bearer
at other than a right angle shall be laid first, and
platforms which rest at right angles over the
same bearer laid second.
Scaffold Safety
Capacity:
support own weight and 4 X the maximum
intended load.
suspension rope & hardware, 6 X the
maximum intended load.
stall load of scaffold hoist not to exceed 3
times its rated load.
designed by a qualified person and built and
loaded to design.
Scaffold Safety
Scaffold Foundations:
Scaffolds must have base
plates, even when setting
on a concrete floor.
Also, the lack of a base
plate could damage the
scaffold leg.
Scaffold Safety
Scaffold Foundations Cont.

Scaffold legs must be set on
base plates and adequate
mudsills.
There is no base plate and
the scrap plywood is not
adequate.
The scaffold frame could
penetrate the plywood.
Scaffold Safety
Scaffolds Foundations Cont.

Scaffolds should never be set on
bricks, masonry blocks, etc.
These are not structural
elements and could crush
under the scaffold load.
Good Foundations
Good Foundations
Frames
Hydro-mobile
Mason’s Adjustable
Scaffold Safety
Criteria for supported scaffolds:

Higher than 4:1 ratio restrained from tipping
by guys, ties, or equivalent.
Guys, ties, installed per recommendations or
at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1
height
Bear on adequate foundations
Plumbed and braced
Scaffold Safety
Access:
Must have safe access
No access by cross braces
Bottom rung not more than 24” high
Rest platforms at 35’ intervals
Sets access requirements for erectors and
dismantlers
Can use some end frames for access
Scaffold Safety
Fall protection(PFAS or guardrails)

Required at 10 foot
PFAS in lieu of guardrails on some scaffolds
PFAS & guardrails on suspension scaffolds
PFAS required for erectors and dismantlers
were feasible after September 2, 1997.
Toprails after 1-1-2000, 38” to 45” high
Use crossbracing in lieu of top or midrails in
some cases
Excavation Safety
OSHA Standard, 1926.651
Hazards of Excavation Works:
Cave-ins
Separation of a mass of soil or rock material
from the side of an excavation.
Underground Utilities
Determining approximate location
Determining exact location
Contacting local utility companies
Materials/Equipment into
excavation sites
Excavation Safety
Access & Egress:

Structural ramps designed by
competent person
Egress (ladder, stairs) from
trenches over 4 feet deep
Ramps must be structurally sound
and not create a tripping hazard
Use surface treatments on ramps to
prevent slipping
Excavation Safety
Access & Egress:

Means of egress must be within 25
feet of workers
Ladders must extend a minimum of
36 inches above the landing
Use metal ladders with caution
around utilities
Excavation Safety
Inspections - Worker Exposure

Daily - prior to work, conducted by competent
person
As needed - during work when competent
person determines a hazardous condition
exists (employees are removed until
precautions are taken)
After rainstorm or other hazard increasing
occurrence
Excavation Safety
Protective Systems Cont.

Protective systems are not needed if the
excavation is:
made in stable rock
less than 5 feet deep
Protective systems must be able to resist all
loads
Excavation Safety
Sloping and Benching Requirements by
Soil Type: Soil or Rock Maximum Allowable Slope for
Type Excavations less than 20’
Stable Rock Vertical (90 Deg.)
Type A ¾ to 1 (53 Deg.)
Type B 1 to 1 (45 Deg.)
Type C 1 ½ to 1 (34 Deg.)

Ladder Safety

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Ladder Safety

Fiberglass: Nonconductive, which makes it a

Stepladders – No more than 20 feet high

Extension Ladders - No more than 60 feet

Rungs must be intact and clean, especially free

An important part of fall protection is the

Tie-off (lash) top and bottom if no

Always have three points of contact when

It’s best to hang a ladder

Scaffold Foundations Cont.

Scaffolds Foundations Cont.

Criteria for supported scaffolds:

Fall protection(PFAS or guardrails)

Access & Egress:

Access & Egress:

Inspections - Worker Exposure

Protective Systems Cont.

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