Target 140 Lecture 7

Report: 75 endemic Birds of India
 1353 species
 12.4% Gobal Bird Diversity
5% endemic (78) = not found anywhere
Critically undergand & Endemic

1. Himalayan Quail
2. Jerdon’s Courser
3. Bugun Liocichla
Bugun Liocichla:
 Arunachal Pradesh
 spotted at Eaglenest WIS
 Temperate forest
Himalayan Quail:
 Uttarakhand
 They are known to inhabit long grass and scrubs on steep hillsides, particularly south
facing slopes between the altitudes of 1,650 and 2,400 metres.
Jerdon Courser:
 Andhra Pradesh Easter ghat
 Scrub
 Scrub forest
Animal Discoveries
 Zooogical Survey of India

 467= New speices
 197= New record found for the first time
 Max =Kerala> Karnataka> TN
The mammal species discovered include two species of bats – Miniopterus phillipsi, a
longfingered bat, and Glischropus meghalayanus, a bamboo-dwelling bat – both from
Meghalaya.
Sela macaque (Macaca selai), a new macaque species discovered in the western and central
Arunachal Pradesh and named after the Sela Pass, is also among the highlights of Animal
Discoveries 2022. Indians
Zoological Survey of India

 Kolkata – 1916
 Apex organization on taxanomy
 Publishes Red data book of fauna
 Training, Capicity Bulding of people involved
 Promote survers, exploration & Record
The National Zoological Collection (NZC) of ZSI is designated repository under Section 39 of
the Biological Diversity Act, 2002
The Sela Pass is a highaltitude mountain pass located on the border between the Tawang
and West Kameng districts in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Sela lake is a large lake located on the north side of the pass at an elevation of
4,160 metres (13,650 ft)
This lake often freezes during the winter and is drained in Nuranang River, a tributary of the
Tawang River
The Nechiphu Tunnel, at an altitude of 5,700 feet, is a unique 500-metre-long “D-shaped,

Single Tube Double Lane Tunnel” on the Balipara-Charduar-Tawang (BCT) Road in
West Kameng District.
Part of Project Vartak
Lion-tailed Macaque:
 Endemic to the Western Ghats in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
 Area of occupancy is small and severely fragmented.
 the population of the mostly shy and frugivorous primate, which prefers upper canopies
of evergreen rainforests
Conservation and Protection:
IUCN Red List status: Endangered.
Listed in Appendix I of CITES
Protected under Schedule I
 Plant Discoveries 2022 published by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

 Of these, 186 taxa are new to science and 153 taxa are new distributional records from
India
A State-wise analysis of the plant taxa points out that maximum discoveries of 57 were
made in Kerala, which alone accounts for 16.8% of all plant discoveries in the country in
year 2022.
About 21% of the total discoveries were made from the western Himalayas followed by 16%
from the Western Ghats.
Botanical Survey of India:
The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) is the apex research organization under the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Govt. of India for carrying out taxonomic and floristic studies on
wild plant resources of the country.
It was established in 1890 with the objectives of exploring the plant resources of the
country and identifying plant species with economic virtue.
The prime objectives of the BSI are:
1. Undertake intensive floristic surveys and collecting accurate and detailed information on
the occurrence, distribution, ecology and economic utility of plants in the country;
2. collect, identify and distribute materials that may be of use to educational and research
institutions; and
3. to act as the custodian of authentic collections in well planned herbaria and
documenting plant resources in the form of local, district, state and national flora.
A herbarium specimen is consists of dried plant parts with labelled information on Scientific
name and collection data. It has immense use in plant identification, systematics studies
and ecological studies.
The Central National Herbarium (CAL) located at Howrah, established in 1795 and comprises
about 2,000,000 (2 million) specimens. This is the first herbarium in the country and one of
the most important Asian Herbaria.
Fisheries Survey of India

Fisheries Survey of India (FSI) is India's main authority for surveying and researching marine
fishery resources.
It operates under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Government of
India.
The headquarters of FSI is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
FSI was reorganised and upgraded as a National Institute and was recognised as a Science &
Technology Institute in the year 1988.
Key responsibilities of FSI include:
Assessing deep-sea fishery resources within the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Conducting research on various aspects of marine fisheries.
Collecting essential data on marine fisheries resources.
Providing training programs for fisheries professionals.
Collaborating with national and international research institutes.
The work of FSI contributes significantly to sustainable management and the

overall development of India's fisheries sector
“For the first time in India, a total of 150 Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) were sighted at
105 nautical miles south-east of Paradeep
Q.1) Consider the following bird species:

1. Himalayan Quail
2. Jerdon's Courser
3. Bugun Liocichla
4. Great Indian Bustard
How many of the above birds are critically endangered as
well as endemic to India?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) All four
Q.2) Consider the following pairs:

Endemic Bird - State
1. Himalayan Quail - Uttarakhand
2. Jerdon's Courser - Arunachal Pradesh
3. Bugun Liocichla - Andhra Pradesh
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
a) Only one pair
b) Only two pairs
c) Only three pairs
d) All four pairs
According to Living Planet Report, released by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
 Monitored wildlife populations — including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and

fish — have seen a 69-per cent drop between 1970 and 2018.
 India has seen a decline in population of the likes of honeybees and 17 species of
freshwater turtles in this period.
 The report finds that the Himalayan region and the Western Ghats are some of the most
vulnerable regions in the country in terms of biodiversity loss.
 137 km of the Sundarbans mangrove forest have been eroded since 1985, reducing land
and ecosystem services for many of the 10 million people who live there
As per Centre for Science and Environment's state of India’s Environment in
Figures:
 India has lost 90 per cent of the area under its four biodiversity hotspots. The Indo-
Burma hotspot is the worst hit -- the extent of vegetation in the region has been reduced
from 2,373,057 sq km to a mere 118,653 sq km, a loss of 95 per cent.
 Twenty five species have also gone extinct in these hotspots.
 The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List monitors 1,212
animal species in India – the IUCN says over 12 per cent of them are endangered.
The Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity andEcosystem

Services (IPBES) released a significant report in 2019.
 Approximately 1 million out of a total of 8 million species are facing the risk of extinction.
 The report highlighted that about 75% of the Earth's land surface has been significantly
altered.
 -It also stated that 66% of the world's oceans have undergone significant changes.
Various factors contributing to biodiversity loss are:
Natural causes:
 Changes in season can cause temporary biodiversity loss.
 Catastrophic events like wildfires, floods, or volcanic eruptions can also lead to
temporary biodiversity loss.
 The frequency and intensity of disasters such as floods and earthquakes have increased
due to global warming and climate change, leading to sudden loss of certain region-
specific species.
Habitat loss and fragmentation

 Destruction or thinning of habitats reduces or eliminates food resources and living space
for species.
 Fragmentation of large habitats can lead to the extinction of species that require large
territories or are unable to migrate.
 Rising population and consequent increase in human activities have led to encroachment
over forest areas, threatening the survival of many species of mammals and birds which
require large territories, such as Tigers and Sumatran orangutans.
 For example, tropical rainforests, areas of high biodiversity, have been reduced from
covering 14% of the Earth's surface to just 6%.
Indian Cheetah, also known as Asiatic Cheetah lost due to agricultural expansion and
urbanization.
Over-exploitation
 Over-hunting, over-fishing, or over-collecting of a species can lead to their rapid decline.
 Rising population also leads to over-hunting, over-fishing, or over-collecting of a species
for human consumption, such as Great hammerhead sharks.
 Illegal hunting and poaching can also contribute to this decline.
 Many species' extinctions in the last 500 years were due to overexploitation.
The Pink-Headed Duck lost due to over-hunting
Alien species invasion

 Alien species can be introduced unintentionally or deliberately.
 Rising e-commerce and consequent increase in marine transportation is unintentionally
leading to transportation of exotic species from one country to another, such as the Echo
parakeet.
 Some of these species become invasive and cause decline or extinction of indigenous
species.
Invasive water hyacinth has choked many water bodies
Indian Arowana experienced a significant decline in their population due to feeding upon by
the African Catfish, an invasive species
Co-extinctions
 When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an
obligatory way also become extinct.
 The increasing loss of biodiversity further leads to loss of dependent species.
 For example, when a host fish species becomes extinct, its unique assemblage of
parasites also meets the same fate.
The Forest Owlet, thought to be extinct for over a century, was rediscovered in 1997 but is
critically endangered. Its survival is threatened due to the loss of its forest habitat and the
species it preys on.
Global climate change

 Both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss.
 Species and populations may be lost permanently if they are not provided with enough
time to adapt to the changing climatic conditions.
Climate change currently affects at least 10,967 species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species™, increasing the likelihood of their extinction. The Bramble Cay melomys (Melomys
rubicola) is the first mammal reported to have gone extinct as a direct result of climate
change.

Target 140 Lecture 7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Target 140 Lecture 7

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Target 140 Lecture 7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Report: 75 endemic Birds of India

5% endemic (78) = not found anywhere

Critically undergand & Endemic

 Zooogical Survey of India

Zoological Survey of India

The Nechiphu Tunnel, at an altitude of 5,700 feet, is a unique 500-metre-long “D-shaped,

 Endemic to the Western Ghats in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.

 Area of occupancy is small and severely fragmented.

Conservation and Protection:

IUCN Red List status: Endangered.

Listed in Appendix I of CITES

Protected under Schedule I

 Plant Discoveries 2022 published by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

Botanical Survey of India:

Fisheries Survey of India

The headquarters of FSI is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Conducting research on various aspects of marine fisheries.

Collecting essential data on marine fisheries resources.

Providing training programs for fisheries professionals.

Collaborating with national and international research institutes.

The work of FSI contributes significantly to sustainable management and the

Q.1) Consider the following bird species:

Q.2) Consider the following pairs:

 Monitored wildlife populations — including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and

The Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity andEcosystem

Habitat loss and fragmentation

The Pink-Headed Duck lost due to over-hunting

Alien species invasion

Global climate change

You might also like