MA2012 – Linear Algebra

Worksheet I

2 x+3 y +7 z=15
1 a. x + 4 y + z=20
x +2 y+ 3 z=10

L1 : 2 x +3 y+ 7 z=15 L1 : x+ 4 y + z=20
L2 : x+ 4 y + z=20 L 1 ↔ L2 L2 : 2 x +3 y+ 7 z=15
L3 : x +2 y +3 z=10 L3 : x +2 y +3 z=10

L2 → L2−2 L1 , L3 → L3−L1

L1 : x +4 y+ z =20 L1 : x + 4 y + z=20
1 1
L2 : −5 y +5 z=−25 L2 → L2 , L3 → L3 L2 : − y+ z=−5
5 2
L3 : −2 y +2 z=−10 L3 : − y+ z=−5

L3 → L3 −L2

L1 : x + 4 y + z=20
L2 : − y+ z=−5 ∴ x∧ y are leadig v ariables while z is a free variable be consistent ¿
¿
L3 : 0=0

By back substitution:

z =t
y=t +5
x=−5 t

The solution set is:

{ (−5 t ,t +5 , t ) , t ∈ R }
 x +2 y +3 z=39
b. x +3 y +2 z=34
3 x +2 y+ z =26

L1 : x +2 y +3 z=39
L2 : x +3 y +2 z=34
L3 : 3 x +2 y + z=26

L2 → L2−L1 , L3 → L3−3 L1

L1 : x +2 y +3 z=39 L1 : x +2 y +3 z=39
L2 : y−z=−5 L3 → L3 +4 L1 L2 : y−z=−5
L3 : −4 y−8 z =−91 L3 : −12 z=−111

∴ x , y∧z are leadig variables be consistent ¿

¿
By back substitution:

111 37
z==
12 4
111 17
y= −5=
12 4

x=39−2
17
4 ( ) ( )
−3
111 11
4
=
4

The solution set is :

{( 11 17 37
, ,
4 4 4 )}

2. A+ Bx+C x 2= y , B+2 Cx= y '

Using these relationships∧the points given∈the problem

¿ can be concluded that :

A+ B+C=1 Given point (1 , 1)

A+3 B+9 C=3 Given point (3 , 3)
'
B+ 4 C=3 Given that f ( 2 ) =3
 L1 : A+ B+C=1 L1 : A+ B+C=1 L1 : A+ B+C=1
1
L2 : A+ 3 B+ 9C=3 L2 → L2 + L1 L2 : 2 B+ 8 C=2 L2 → L2 L2 : B+ 4 C=1
2
L3 : B+ 4 C=3 L3 : B+ 4 C=3 L3 : B+ 4 C=3

L1 : A+ B+C=1
∴ The system of linear equations is inconsistant
L3 → L3−L2 L2 : B+ 4 C=1
¿ the problemhas no solution .
L3 : 0=2

3. Find a system of linear equations for solutions x=6+ 5t , y=4 +3 t∧z=2+t

Ax + By+Cz=D
Ex+ Fy +Gz=H ¿ complete ¿ the system of linear equation ¿that yields solutions x , y∧ z ¿
Ix +Jy + Kz=L

Letting A=1 , B=2 ,C=3 , E=−1, F=−3 , G=−5 , I =2 , J =−4∧K =6 we get :

( 6+5 t ) +2 ( 4 +3 t )+ 3 ( 2+t )=D

−( 6+5 t )−3 ( 4+3 t )−5(2+t )=H
2 ( 6+5 t )−4(4+ 3t )+ 6(2+t)=L

Solving for D , H ,∧L we get : D=20+14 t , H=−28−19 t ,∧L=8+ 4 t

¿ the system of linear equations becomes :

x +2 y +3 z=20+14 t
−1 x−3 y−5 z=−28−19 t
2 x−4 y +6 z=8+ 4 t

2 x+ 4 y −z−2 s+ 2t=6
4. x +3 y +2 z−7 s+3 t=9
5 x+ 8 y−7 z+ 6 s +t=4

The augmented ma trix representing the system is:

( ) ( )
2 4 −1 −2 2 6 1 3 2 −7 3 9
A= 1 3 2 −7 3 9 R1 ↔ R2 A 2 4 −1 −2 2 6
5 8 −7 6 1 4 5 8 −7 6 1 4

R2 → R2 −2 R 1 , R3 → R3 −5 R 1

( )
1 3 2 −7 3 9
A 0 −2 −5 12 −4 −12
0 −7 −17 41 −14 −41

R3 →2 R3−7 R 2
 ( )
1 3 2 −7 3 9
A 0 −2 −5 12 −4 −12
0 0 1 −2 0 2

Giving the systemof linear equations :

x +3 y +2 z−7 s +3 t=9
−2 y−5 z +12 s−4 t=−12 x , y ,∧z are leading variables while s , ad t are free
z−2 s=2

By back substitution:

s=¿ a
t=¿ b
z=¿ 2+2 a
y=¿1+ a−2 b
x =¿ 2+ 3 b

The solution set is:

{ ( 2+3 b ,1+a−2 b , 2+2 a , b , a ) , a , b ∈ R }

( )
3 6 1 7 13
5. A= 5 10 8 18 47
2 4 5 9 26

R1 ↔ R3

( )
5 9

( )
2 4 5 9 26 1 2 13
1 2 2
A 5 10 8 18 47 R1 ↔ R A
2 1 5 10 8 18 47
3 6 1 7 13
3 6 1 7 13

R2 → R2 −5 R 1 , R3 → R3 −3 R 1

( )
5 9
1 2 13
2 2
−9 −9
A 0 0 −18
2 2
−13 −13
0 0 −26
2 2

−2 −2
R2 → R , R3 → R
9 2 13 3
 ( ) ( )
5 9 5 9
1 2 13 1 2 13
2 2 R3 → R 3−R1 A 2 2
A
0 0 1 1 4 0 0 1 1 4
0 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0

5
R1 → R1 − R
2 2

( )
1 2 0 2 3
A 0 0 1 1 4
0 0 0 0 0

2 x− y +3 z=a
6 x +2 y + z=b
7 x +4 y+ 9 z =c

( ) ( )
2 −1 3 a 1 2 1 b
1 2 1 b R1 ↔ R2 2 −1 3 a
7 4 9 c 7 4 9 c

R2 → R2 −2 R 1 , R3 → R3 −7 R 1

( ) ( )
1 2 1 b 1 2 1 b
0 −5 1 a−2 b R3 → R 3−2 R 2 0 −5 1 a−2 b
0 −10 2 c−7 b 0 0 0 c−2 a−3 b

The systembecomes inconsistant whenc −2 a−3 b ≠ 0 , therefore giving a

a.
a system of linear equations which has no solution.
The systemis consistant only when c−2 a−3 b=0 ,∈which case the system
b.
yields infitely many sol utions .

3 x+ 2 y =11
7
6 x+ ky=21
 ( )
3 2 11
( 3 2 11
6 k 21 ) R2 → R2 −2 R 1 ( 3 2 11
0 k −4 −1 ) R2 →
1
R
k −4 2 0 1
−1
k −4

Giving the systemof linear equations :

3 x+ 2 y =11
−1
y=
k−4

The systemis consistant when k ∈ R , k ≠ 4 , giving a

a.
unique solution for y ,∧x
The systembecomes inconsistant when k=4 , giving a solution for
b.
y which is undefined ,therefore there is no solution

A + B=55
8.
0.2 A−0.3 B=−4

(0.21 1 55
−0.3 −4 ) R2 →5 R2−R 1 (10 1 55
−2.5 −75 ) R → −1
2
2.5
R (1
0
2
1 55
1 30 )
R1 → R1 −R 2

(10 0 25
1 30 )
¿ section A initially having 25 students∧section B ¿ initially having30 students ¿