Trigonometry Formulas tan (A + B) =

tan A + tan B
1 - tan A tan B
y tan A - tan B
Definitions and Fundamental Identities tan (A - B) =
1 + tan A tan B
y 1 P(x, y) p p
Sine: sin u = r = sin aA - b = -cos A, cos aA - b = sin A
csc u r 2 2
y
x 1 u
Cosine: cos u = r = x x p p
sec u 0 sin aA + b = cos A, cos aA + b = -sin A
2 2
y 1
Tangent: tan u = x = 1 1
cot u sin A sin B = cos (A - B) - cos (A + B)
2 2
1 1
cos A cos B = cos (A - B) + cos (A + B)
Identities 2 2
sin (-u) = -sin u, cos (-u) = cos u 1 1
sin A cos B = sin (A - B) + sin (A + B)
sin2 u + cos2 u = 1, sec2 u = 1 + tan2 u, csc2 u = 1 + cot2 u 2 2
1 1
sin 2u = 2 sin u cos u, cos 2u = cos2 u - sin2 u sin A + sin B = 2 sin (A + B) cos (A - B)
2 2
1 + cos 2u 1 - cos 2u
cos2 u = , sin2 u = 1 1
2 2 sin A - sin B = 2 cos (A + B) sin (A - B)
2 2
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
1 1
sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B cos A + cos B = 2 cos (A + B) cos (A - B)
2 2
cos (A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B 1 1
cos A - cos B = -2 sin (A + B) sin (A - B)
cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B 2 2

Trigonometric Functions y y
y = sin x y = cos x
Degrees Radians
Radian Measure
x x
–p – p 0 p p 3p 2p –p – p 0 p p 3p 2p
45 p 2 2 2 2 2 2
4
s "2 1 "2 1
Domain: (−∞, ∞) Domain: (−∞, ∞)
u p p
1 Range: [−1, 1] Range: [−1, 1]
45 90 4 2
r 1 1
Un l
e

it circ y
y
y = tan x y = sec x
r
C ir
cle of rad ius
p
30 1
s u s 6
x x
r = 1 = u or u = r , 2 "3 2 "3 – 3p –p – p 0 p p 3p – 3p –p – p 0 p p 3p
180° = p radians. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
p p
60 90 3 2
1 1 Domain: All real numbers except odd Domain: All real numbers except odd
integer multiples of p"2 integer multiples of p"2
The angles of two common triangles, in Range: (−∞, ∞) Range: (−∞, −1] ´ [1, ∞)
degrees and radians.
y y
y = csc x y = cot x

1 1
x x
–p – p 0 p p 3p 2p –p – p 0 p p 3p 2p
2 2 2 2 2 2

Domain: x ≠ 0, ±p, ±2p, . . . Domain: x ≠ 0, ±p, ±2p, . . .

Range: (−∞, −1] ´ [1, ∞) Range: (−∞, ∞)