Math
Math
Math
3) determinants
1. Definition
A : nxnmatrix => A = (aij) nxn (A has no elements
det A = IAI
(1)
& A( -S)
if 1 A detA an => det A 3
Eg : n = : =
=> = = =
-
A (1) =
detA = 1
Ege : if n = 2 :
A =
(a) - detA
=d) = and - anis
((x) = 5-12 = -
7
if 3
Egz : n =
A -
( 932
↓
933 Yong hang
↓
+ cot =
chain
ei
-
+
(t)
1- (
>
-
=
an (Guass-acs9sz) -
an (a2933-923931) +
Gr(auase-A2zdz)
I can choose
any column >
-
cy'dan)
IA) = -anx/ - + a
① sarrus rule :
IAI =
In a
=> IAI = Andedes + Andes as + Als Ged32
-
desazedge -
dredes -
①1923 132
E93 .
1 :
(A) =
1 =
(1) = 19-
Ega : if n = 9 a12
G-
2 1
&
s
-
-2xa
& A
IA) · C
o
=
=
>
-
-
= -(3 .
1 1
.
+ 1 2(
. 3) + 9 .
2 4
.
-
(3) .
1 9
.
-
9 1 1
.
.
-
2 2
.
.
3)
1.4) the inverse of a matrix
191 :
A =
(13]i B =
(*]
=> AB =
(b % ] =
[(2 x 2)
BA =
(bi] = [ (ex 2)
AiB : my n matrix
LA=B
AB = BA = I =
①AB =IGE
lABI : IAXIB
Eg :
A =
((X] ; B =
[x]
=>
H = 3 = (A) X (B) = 1
↑
If(Al = 0 => A is Not invertible
If IAI + 0 => 5 A-1
⑪ Finding A :
[] At
+
> +0 - -A
A
-
=
=> m
-
= (
-
-
1) x(Am) =
5
phan bi dai's
he stinh
+
)
+
anz = 3 + An =
(a) >
+
(12 = ( 1) (Ax) =
-1 9.
=
- 9
=
4) au =
1 + Au =
(3) + 2x = ( 1)
- (Azl =
-
3
(2) (- 17 /Azal
*
4) azz 3 >
-
Azz + (22 2
= = = =
=> c =
() ( =
Ex() E
* B
=> At =
=
+ 1B1 =
(E) (C
C: Adjugate
> A =
in , Xc
Eac A =?
:
A =
(5G] :
-1
H) (A) = 5 + 0 = -A
A =
"2 (C AdjA) =
C =
(c) =
==
(x) = =1)
(c)
>
-
m =
Egs : A =
(1) >
-
AdA =
) -) + A = (i)
A =
( + -
2)
A
>
+
A
1) Al = 1 + 2 9 5
. .
+ 3 3 6
.
.
-
(-1) 3. .
5 -
3 .
2(-1) -
9 6 1
.
.
= 92 +0
-A 1
-
>
-
+ A
1
=
1 x AdjA
IAI
(c (
231
- AdjA = c =
233
an =
1 -
1)
(5 ) =
-
23
2/34)
+
2x =
( 1) -
= 23
3(35)
++
a = ( 1)
-
= 13
+ 1
Can =
( -
1)2
I 31 = 20
/13)
222 =
( =
- 1
C23 =
&
231 =
11
232 - S
233 =
-
=> AdjA = C =
(
=> At
gc
=
= . . .
= (XBA -1)
*
+
AxX =
B ;
(A) + 0
=> X = A B
uxn
↓
n n PT ma tran
·9 :
[]
=> X = =
( (b)(i) (i)
(t)
way :
= =
Li+l-
=>
g
3
chapter
3 2
.
:
1 723
29
3
i
.3
3 : 11 -16
2 2
.
: 176
Chapter 2
Chapter 2: systems of linear equations
2.1) Basic concepts
Ege(3hn-GU5 >
-
system :
S Lequatinis
A- [? ] : coefficient matrix X =
[] :
variable
matrix
&
Eg2 : n +
y -
z + 37 = 1
2x -
y + z -
St =
9
4x +
y -
z = O
(i) X []
1 -
l 3
=
= 1
-
(5)
( = =
Eq A :
=
+X =
: B b
2x3
(size) AX =
C SR] _
2x1
&
3(21 + (2 + 2k3 =
9
(1 + 472 +
513 5
-
=
2.2) Solutions (nghiệm)
Eg : Las >
- =
(2 -3]
r(111] r ]
m = rex(-2) +
new re = rex3 +
130]- ]
↓ pivot position
pivot column
(x
Eg2 + 2x 1 a
-
: =
-
(2 +
973 = 5
222 -
8113 =
-
10
↓J ( )
4
= A =
met
re =
5
,
C 2
delete vs
( !?19] no ]
n =
re = VeX( -
2)
+>
11 ] G. .
basic variable
free variable
(
Eg3 :
>
- infinity solutions / countless solutions
- R
123
Egn :
/ No solution
2
[ 19]
re
(d2 -&]v
-
1
=> E =
00 14
-
rank A = 1 ,
rank A = 2
F
• Rank of a echelon form matrix is the number of non-zero rows
-
Rank A Rank A so an - 1 no day what
=
I
=
⑪ (A)
v = v() : no solution
① v(A) = v(E) = n : one solution
⑦ v(A) = r/E) < n :
infinity solution
I i 1
139 echelon form rank dia A
: &
-
A 5
~ (A) = 3 lechelon form)
& 3
so HANG 20 phan
to 0
B
[
=
r(B) = 3
Exercise:
EX1 : Solve the system :
973 5
S
122 + =
-
(1 +
212 + 513 = 2
3121 + 84 2 . + 11922 -
-
1
7. EY ]
O
&
14
I
-
5
1 35 2 retr
A A
- =
3811 -1 9
-
-
1
m = r-3r(@5y,deter
(15] S
111 13 + 73
(general solutionS
> =
(2 =
-
57z -
4
n =
3)r
EX11(1 .
2
Page 22)
191]
-
42
i phai de-
/
general
(( 12-13 rCA3
=
.
solution
:e e