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BASURA BAYAD RENTA: A CAP AND TRADE SYSTEM OF

AKAP AND SAN LORENZO VILLAGE IN


PALAYAN CITY, NUEVA ECIJA, PHILIPPINES

A Empirical Paper Presented to


Professor of Center for Environmental Research (CER) in
Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST)
Cabanatuan City

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements in


The Course ESt/EM 5: Economics

By;

Alvarez, Mark Eleazar


Castillo, Kyle Richard
De Leon, Piolo Ace
Hilario, Ma. Kate
Matias, Jieraelld

Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science - 4B

2024
I. Introduction
Waste is a natural part of the human life cycle and is produced in different
forms, such as bodily waste, solid waste, hazardous waste, and even e-waste (The
Environmental Literacy Council, 2015). Among these, solid waste is one of the most
voluminous types produced globally (Hoornweg & Bhada-Tata, 2012). Solid waste is
defined as the unwanted and discarded materials produced from day-to-day human
activities (Mishra et al., 2014). This includes “yard waste, food waste, plastics, wood,
metals, papers, rubbers, leather, batteries, inert materials, textiles, paint containers,
demolishing and construction materials as well as many others that would be difficult to
classify” (Abdel-Shafy & Mansour, 2018). At present, solid waste and its
management are considered to be global problems (Singh et al., 2014). According to the
World Bank (2020), about 2.01 billion tons of municipal solid waste is produced annually
and 33% of these wastes are disposed of improperly and eco-unfriendly while about
20% are recycled and composted .It was estimated that global solid waste generated
will increase up to 70% by 2050 (Industry Dive, 2020). In the Philippines, an
estimated amount of 35,580 tons of garbage per day is generated (Castillo & Otoma,
2013), or about 14.66 million tons annually in 2014 (Department of Environment and
Natural Resources [DENR], 2018). It has increased up to 16.6 million tons based on
the 2018 data making the Philippines the “third-largest generator of solid waste
among Southeast Asian countries” (Romero, 2020). The continuous rise in garbage
amount is brought about by increasing population, leveling up of living standards, and
urbanization also leading to problems associated with excessive waste (Senate
Economic Planning Office [SEPO], 2017). Thus, dictating the need for immediate
response on addressing the issues on solid waste management. Palayan City is a 5th-
class component city in the Philippines. It is the provincial capital of Nueva Ecija
in Central Luzon, located in Luzon. Palayan City was just a government stock farm
before it was named its present name. It was within Laur and Bongabon. The city was
one of the 6 cities of the Philippines (namely Manila, Baguio, Quezon City, Trece
Martires, Island Garden City of Samal, and Palayan) whose creation was specifically
planned by the local leaders and approved by the Congress. Palayan City has a
population of 45,383 as of the 2020 Census, and a land area of 101.40 square
kilometers. It consists of 19 barangays. Many of its residents are employed while
outside the urban area, people are engaging in agriculture and inland fishing. Its
land is mainly used for residential purposes.
Croplands with 1,894 hectares are used for pasture, forest, inland fisheries, and other
industries. There are also rolling hills, terrains, and mountains in the city, all used for
agriculture and other related industries.
The current waste management program in the City of Palayan clearly defines the
responsibilities of both the city and the barangays in promoting garbage diversion and
waste reduction. Citizens should learn about the five Rs of solid waste management
(reduce, reuse, recycle, dispose, and segregate) to achieve this goal. The goal of
segregation at source, a method of solid waste management, is to maximize recycling and
reusing of resources while decreasing the total amount of trash that needs to be collected
and disposed of (Article 2, Section 3, RA 9003). Reducing waste involves avoiding
purchases of high-waste products, as defined by Ambayic et al. (2013). Besides reducing
the amount of waste sent to landfills, recycling also prevents the consumption of raw
materials that would have been used to make a replacement item. It recycles things that
would otherwise be thrown away by transforming them into something useful, although
in the process, the original items may lose their integrity. Some of the residential areas in
Palayan City that have successfully adopted waste management strategies are San
Lorenzo and AKAP Village. The village adopted a community-based strategy for the
disposal and segregation of waste. By encouraging residents to separate biodegradable
from non- biodegradable waste at home, the amount of trash that is dumped in landfills is
significantly reduced. To ensure proper garbage collection and processing, San Lorenzo
and AKAP Village also work with the local governments. This collaboration raises the
community's awareness of environmental issues and improves the effectiveness of waste
management systems.
The "Basura, Bayad Renta" program, a cap-and-trade system implemented in
AKAP and San Lorenzo Village, presents a novel solution to this issue. It incentivizes
waste reduction by setting waste generation limits (caps) and allowing residents to trade
waste credits, effectively transforming waste management into an economically
rewarding and environmentally conscious activity. This approach aligns with global
trends in sustainable development and resource management, leveraging economic
principles to drive behavioral change and reduce environmental impact. However, while
the program is promising, its actual effectiveness and impact remain largely unassessed.
Questions about its ability to reduce waste generation, encourage recycling, and foster
economic and social benefits among participants must be
answered. Moreover, understanding the challenges faced during its implementation—
such as participation barriers, monitoring issues, and resource constraints—will be crucial
for refining and scaling the initiative to other areas.

Statement of the Problem


Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a pressing issue in
Palayan City, Nueva Ecija, as urbanization and population growth contribute to
increasing waste volumes. Communities like AKAP and San Lorenzo Village face
significant challenges in managing their waste sustainably, with traditional practices such
as landfill disposal proving insufficient. In response, the "Basura, Bayad Renta" program
was introduced as an innovative cap-and-trade system designed to limit waste generation
by setting caps per household and providing incentives for waste reduction and recycling.
However, the program’s effectiveness and impact remain largely unexplored.
Specifically, there is a need to determine whether it has successfully reduced waste
volumes and increased recycling rates in the targeted communities. Furthermore,
questions remain about the levels of participation and compliance among residents, as
well as the social and economic factors influencing these behaviors. The economic
benefits of the program for participating households and its broader social impacts also
require assessment. Finally, the study must identify the operational challenges and
limitations faced during program implementation and how these affect its long-term
sustainability. By addressing these gaps, this research aims to evaluate the level of
participation of the residents, benefits to their family, and to the environment of the
"Basura, Bayad Renta" program and provide insights into its potential as a sustainable
waste management model for other communities.

Objectives of the Study


General Objective
To identify the level of participation, benefits to the residents and to the
environment of BBR program as a cap-and-trade system for solid waste management of
AKAP and San Lorenzo Village in Palayan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Specific Objectives:
- To evaluate the programs of Palayan ENRO on Solid Waste Management.
- To identify the level of participation, benefits to the residents and to the
environment of the BBR program.
- To identify the challenges of the implementation of the BBR program to
come up a strategy so strengthen the program.

Significance of the study


There are significant implications for environmental sustainability and community
involvement from the "Basura Bayad Renta" study, which suggests a cap- and-trade
system for waste management in Akap and San Lorenzo Village, Palayan City. The
pressing issue of waste management is addressed in this study, especially in urban areas
where inappropriate disposal causes health and pollution risks. The study aims to
establish a financial incentive for locals to reduce waste production and encourage
recycling habits by putting in place a cap-and-trade system. This strategy promotes a
sense of collective responsibility for protecting the environment in addition to proper
waste disposal.
Furthermore, this study is important because it could be used as an example for
other communities dealing with similar problems. Flexibility is provided using the cap-
and-trade method, which enables families who exceed their waste restrictions to buy
credits from those who can maintain their caps. In addition to producing income that may
be put back into community initiatives or local environmental activities, this provides a
financial incentive for reducing waste. The study also emphasizes the value of
cooperation between citizens and local government units (LGUs), emphasizing
participatory governance in the fight against environmental issues.
In addition, the program can raise public knowledge of environmental issues by
including educational components including workshops on sustainable practices and the
importance of segregating waste. This educational component is essential because it
provides residents with the information and abilities needed to participate in the program
effectively. In the long run, this study offers practical insights that may result in better
environmental health and a higher standard of living in Palayan City, along with adding
to the body of knowledge on sustainable waste management practices.
Scope and Limitations
This study focuses on evaluating the "Basura, Bayad Renta" program, a cap- and-
trade waste management initiative implemented in AKAP and San Lorenzo Village,
Palayan City, Nueva Ecija. The scope includes an analysis of the program's participation
of the residents, benefits to their family and to the environment. The study also assesses
the programs, projects, and activities of Palayan ENRO to their solid waste management.
However, the research has several limitations. First, the study is limited to the two
selected communities and may not fully capture the broader applicability of the cap-and-
trade system in other areas. Second, the accuracy of the findings depends on the
reliability of secondary data from program records and the willingness of residents to
participate in surveys and interviews. Third, external factors such as changes in local
waste policies, seasonal variations in waste generation, and socioeconomic conditions
may influence the program's outcomes but are beyond the study's control. Lastly, the
assessment of long-term impacts is constrained by the cross-sectional nature of the study,
which primarily focuses on the program's short-term effects.
Despite these limitations, this study provides valuable insights into the potential
of cap-and-trade systems for waste management in urbanizing communities and offers
recommendations for enhancing their implementation and scalability.
II. Methodology
Study Locale
Palayan City, the capital of Nueva Ecija in the Philippines, is a small yet

progressive urban area with a population of 45,000-50,000. It serves as a government and

administrative hub, but its urbanization has led to a growing generation of waste from

residential, commercial, and government activities, putting strain on existing waste

management systems.

The AKAP Village in Palayan City, Nueva Ecija, is part of a housing project

launched on December 21, 2022, by President Marcos. While San Lorenzo Village in

Palayan City, Nueva Ecija, was developed as a residential village started in the early

1990s. The AKAP and San Lorenzo Village in Palayan City is part of a government

initiative aimed at providing housing and support to economically disadvantaged

families, the AKAP program is aligned with other social welfare programs like financial

assistance, skills training, and livelihood support, aiming to improve the living conditions

of its residents (DSWD, 2024).

Research Design
This study adopts a mixed-methods research design to evaluate the effectiveness
of the "Basura, Bayad Renta" program as a cap-and-trade waste management initiative
in AKAP and San Lorenzo Village, Palayan City, Nueva Ecija. A embedded sequential
approach was used to gather quantitative and qualitative data to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the program's impacts, challenges, and sustainability.
The quantitative component of this study focuses on analyzing data related to
level of participation, benefits of the program to their family and to the environment. The
qualitative component explores the perceptions, experiences, and attitudes of residents
and stakeholders toward the program. This involves conducting semi-structured
interviews with program participants and local government officials
to understand their views on the program’s challenges and successes. Additionally, focus
group discussions with community members will be held to gather insights into
behavioral changes, barriers to compliance, and the social dynamics influencing
participation. Observational data will also be collected to document program operations,
including the waste collection process and community engagement activities, offering a
more comprehensive understanding of the program's implementation and impact.

Sampling Method
The researcher used purposive sampling method to identify the Key Informant
Interviewee in this study and also the residents in the San Lorenzo and AKAP Village.
The KII for this study were two of the officials of Palayan ENRO, ma’am Anelyn P.
Bongcawil, the Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) Designated
ENRO and sir Randy B. Gamboa, support staff and the head of the BBR Program and
The researcher managed to surveyed fifty (50) residents, twenty five (25) in San Lorenzo
and twenty five (25) in AKAP Village. The researcher now used a sample size formula to
compute the sample size for this study due to the lack of information of the total
population in the two village.

Data Collection Method


A survey questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as the main tool to
gather data. The questionnaire consisted of three (3) parts to obtain information about the
level of participation, benefits of the program to the residents, and to the environment.

Data Analysis
The researcher used a survey questionnaire consisted of quantitative data. The
data obtained from the questionnaires answered by the respondents was consolidated and
analyzed using descriptive statistics utilized total frequency and weighted mean were
used to determined level of participation, benefits of the program to the residents and to
the environment.
The level of awareness and the sources of information of the respondents
regarding climate change were in a 4-point Likert scale. A 4-point Likert Scale based
on (Elliot 2021), when a researcher requires a responder to express a clear opinion, they
can utilize 4- point Likert scales that do not include a neutral choice.
The level of participation of the residents to the BBR program was in a four- point
Likert scale which was rated as:

Statistical Limits Descriptive Equation


3.26 - 4.00 Always (A)
2.51 - 3.25 Sometimes (S)
1.76 - 2.50 Rarely (R)
1.00 - 1.75 Never (N)
Table 1. Four-point Likert Scale on Level of Participation

The perceived benefits to the respondents and to the environment regarding of the
BBR program were assessed using a 4-Likert scale, which was rated as:

Statistical Limits Descriptive Equation


3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
2.51 - 3.25 Agree (A)
1.76 - 2.50 Disagree (D)
1.00 - 1.75 Strongly Disagree (SD)
Table 2. Four-point Likert Scale on benefits to the family
CHAPTER III RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

This part of the empirical paper contains the summary of all the data gathered by
the researcher from 50 respondents within AKAP and San Lorenzo village with a
specific and comprehensive explanation and summary of each.

Evaluation of program of Palayan ENRO on Solid Waste Management

Programs Status Years


Basura Bayad Renta On 1 year
Basura Palit Gamit sa going Less than 1 year
Kusina On going
Basura Kapalit Printa Less than 1 year
Eco Brick For 4 years
implementation On
going
Table 3. Programs on Solid Waste Management

Table 3 shows the different programs, projects, and activity on Solid Waste
Management in Palayan. Proper management of solid waste is a significant worldwide
concern, leading communities to take proactive steps to reduce its consequences and
strengthen their resilience. In Palayan City, Palayan ENRO take the initiative with
various sectors to combat Solid Waste Management and to promote sustainable
development.
To advocate for Solid Waste Management in Palayan City, a program named
“Eco Brick” has been introduced. Under this initiative, the personnel at the Material
Recovery Facility (MRF) gather delicate items such as glass, mirrors, or soft-drinks that
are deemed no longer useful by the residents. These items are then weighed, and the
residents are compensated either monetarily or through credits for their contributions.
Subsequently, the fragile items are processed in a machine that breaks them down into
smaller fragments, which are then utilized in the creation of bricks.
Another program entitled “Basura Kapalit Printa” is a commendable initiative
that focuses on promoting the recycling of materials, particularly plastic bottles. In this
program, students are encouraged to bring plastic bottles to the
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in exchange for free printing services. This
innovative idea was conceived by Ma’am Anelyn P. Bongcawil, the SEMS Designated
ENRO,

“Kesa mag bayad sila ng mahal sa mga computer shop, ehhh…… maaari nalang
nilang itabi yung pera na iyon at isa pa, ayyy….. nakakatulong den ito saamin upang
ipakalat yung awareness and knowledge ng kahalagaan ng pag recycle, lalo na sa mga
kabataan ngayon”

in response to the students' need to print their school requirements without


incurring high costs at computer shops. By participating in this program, students not
only fulfill their printing needs but also contribute to the environment by increasing
recycling rates in Palayan. The ENRO's emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendly has
led to a significant shift towards greener solutions among the student population. This
initiative not only benefits the students financially but also instills a sense of
environmental responsibility and awareness. Moreover, by providing a practical and cost-
effective alternative to traditional printing methods, the ENRO is fostering a culture of
resourcefulness and environmental stewardship among the youth. This program serves as
a prime example of how simple yet impactful initiatives can bring about positive change
in both individual behaviors and community practices. Through “Basura Kapalit Printa,”
the ENRO is not only promoting sustainability but also empowering the younger
generation to actively engage in environmental conservation efforts.
Another initiative by ENRO is called “Basura Kapalit Gamit sa Kusina”,
wherein residents of Palayan's barangays can exchange their recyclable materials for
kitchen essentials such as Soy Sauce, Fish Sauce, Ketchup, Oil, and more. The residents
can collect recyclable materials until their scheduled collection day, and based on the
weight of the materials they provide, ENRO will in turn provide them with the kitchen
essentials. According to the head of this program and support staff, Sir Randy B.
Gamboa,

“Naisip din namin itong programa na ito, dahil….. sa mahal ng mga bilihin
ngayon, isa na din dito yung mga ginagamit sa kusina, hindi naman ito yung mga
material na bagay kase hindi naman din kayang iprovide ng ENRO yon,
hahahaha…… kaya naman naisip namin na bakit hindi nalang yung mga ginagamit nila
sa pang araw-araw, tulad nga niyan na essentials sa kusina na pang-luto nila.”

With the implementation of this program, the ENRO is assisting the residents of
Palayan in various ways, even though the contributions may seem minor, they hold
significant value to the people of Palayan City. Through this initiative, they are taking
small steps towards sustainable development, which carries immense importance.
Lastly, the primary focus of this empirical paper centers on the "Basura Bayad
Renta" initiative, which is dedicated to the two villages in Palayan, namely AKAP and
San Lorenzo village, comprising approximately 400 households. Initially conceived by
the Mayor of Palayan to bring happiness to those facing financial constraints in building
their homes, this program entails residents paying a monthly fee of 200 pesos for the
upkeep of their septage, water, and electricity bills. As articulated by Sir Randy B.
Gamboa, a dedicated support staff and the program's leader, this endeavor aims to
provide essential services and support to the community.

“Actually, bago palang den itong programa, mag-iisang taon palang ngayong
taon….. sa hirap kase ng buhay ngayon…… lalo na yung andon sa dalawang village na
yan…… hindi ren naman nila alam kung saan kukuha ng pera at mga street sweeper sila
at yung iba ay talagang malaki yung pamilya at kapos….. kaya naman naisip namin na
baket hindi nalang maging kapalit nung mga maiipon nilang basura sa village nila ay
maging dahilan upang hindi na nila maisip pa kung saan sila kukuha ng pambayad kahit
sabihing 200 pesos lang yan ay malaking halaga na sakanila yan.”

“Hindi lang naman den yan yon…… hahahahaha……. nag raise din yan ng
awareness sakanila at nagbigay ng knowledge paano mag segregate ng basura,
importante ng pag re-recyle, at yung kanila talagang participation sa programa ay
talagang makikita mo…… dahil dati makalat don pero ngayon hindi na at tinatangghal
pa silang “cleaniest village” nung nakaraang taon at “best in home design”
hahahahaha…… at dahil recycable materials ang pag-gawa nila sa mga kanilang
christmas designed”
- Ma’am Anelyn P. Bongcawil
Safety and Environmental Management Systems

The programs initiated by ENRO have proven to be a commendable and effective


approach. Their strategic focus on incentivizing participation in various programs within
Palayan City, particularly in AKAP and San Lorenzo village, has yielded positive results.
By encouraging residents to actively engage in these initiatives, such as promoting
recycling and proper waste management, ENRO has successfully instilled a sense of
responsibility and awareness among the community members. For instance, in AKAP,
the implementation of rewards for households that consistently segregate their waste has
led to a significant reduction in overall waste production. This not only benefits the
environment but also fosters a culture of sustainability within the neighborhood.
Similarly, in San Lorenzo village, the emphasis on educating residents about the
importance of recycling has resulted in a noticeable increase in the recycling rate.
Furthermore, by highlighting the significance of proper waste management practices,
ENRO has managed to instigate a positive behavioral change among the residents. This
has not only improved the cleanliness of the city but has also contributed to a more eco-
friendly and sustainable living environment for all. Overall, ENRO's initiatives have had
a profound impact on the community, setting a great example for other cities to follow
suit in promoting environmental consciousness and civic responsibility. Incentive-based
programs have proven to be effective in enhancing solid waste management. Chen and
Tang (2019) demonstrated that strategies like monetary rewards and pay-as-you-throw
schemes significantly improved waste segregation and recycling behaviors among urban
residents. These initiatives provide a direct economic benefit, encouraging active
participation in waste management efforts. As a result, they effectively reduce mixed
waste volumes and increase recycling rates, making them a viable solution for improving
urban waste management systems.
Level of Participation
Statement AVG VI
I actively participate in segregating my household waste as required by
the program.
3.68 A
(Aktibo akong nakikibahagi sa paghihiwalay ng aking mga basura sa
bahay tulad ng hinihingi ng programa.)
I comply with the waste cap set by the "Basura, Bayad Renta" program.
(Sinusunod ko ang waste cap na itinakda ng programang "Basura,
2.58 S
Bayad Renta".)
I regularly attend community meetings or activities related to the
program.
2.46 N
(Regular akong dumadalo sa mga miting o aktibidad ng komunidad na
may kaugnayan sa programa.)
I am consistent in submitting my recyclable materials for collection or
trading.
3.64 A
(Consistent ako sa pagsusumite ng aking recyclable materials para sa
collection o trading.)
I am aware of the rules and guidelines for participating in the program. 3.48 A
(Alam ko ang mga patakaran at alituntunin sa pagsali sa programa.)
Table 4. Level of Participation

Table 4 shows the five (5) statements regarding the participation on the BBR
program. As viewed in the table, a three (3) statement received a verbal interpretation of
Always (A), one (1) statement received a rating of Sometimes (S), and one (1) statement
received a rating of Never (N).
Statement 1 (I actively participate in segregating my household waste as required
by the program) obtained the highest average value of 3.68 verbally interpreted as
Always (A). Respondents exhibited a high level of participation on the BBR program. On
the other hand, Statement 3 (I regularly attend community meetings or activities related
to the program) obtained the lowest average value of
2.46 and verbally interpreted as low level of participation. Respondents showed a lesser
level of participation about the intended meeting or activities about the BBR program.
According to the respondents, the reason why there’s a times they don’t participate in the
meeting or activities about the BBR Program in their village due to their work and prior
agenda.

“May trabaho den kase kame pag-nagkakaroon ng mga meeting o activity na ganiyan
ehh….. kaya naman hindi kame nakakapunta, pwede naman yung ibang kasama sa
pamilya kaso naman may pasok yung mga anak ko, isang college na at hasykul diyan sa
atate at elj nag-aaral sila”
- Jane Dolores, one of the owner of the household and participant in
BBR Program in San Lorenzo Village

High levels of community participation in solid waste management, particularly


in recycling activities, can be attributed to the presence of incentives. Guerrero, Maas,
and Hogland (2013) emphasized that financial rewards and similar incentive-based
approaches are effective in motivating households and individuals to actively engage in
waste management programs. These initiatives not only promote recycling but also foster
a sense of responsibility among community members, leading to more sustainable waste
management practices.

Benefits to the Respondents


Statement AVG VI
Participating in the program has reduced the amount of waste generated
in my household.
2.66 A
(Ang pagsali sa programa ay nabawasan ang dami ng basurang nabuo
sa aking sambahayan)
The program has provided financial or material benefits (e.g.,
incentives, discounts, or rent deductions) to my family.
4 SA
(Ang programa ay nagbigay ng mga benepisyo sa pananalapi o
materyal (hal., mga insentibo, diskwento, o pagbabawas ng upa) sa
aking pamilya)
The program has improved my family’s awareness and practices in
waste management.
3.82 SA
(Ang programa ay nagpaunlad sa kamalayan at kasanayan ng aking
pamilya sa pamamahala ng basura)
My family’s living environment has become cleaner and healthier
because of the program.
3.62 SA
(Naging mas malinis at malusog ang pamumuhay ng aking pamilya
dahil sa programa)
Participating in the program has strengthened our sense of
responsibility toward the community.
3.64 SA
(Ang pakikilahok sa programa ay nagpalakas sa aming pakiramdam ng
responsibilidad sa komunidad)
Table 5. Benefits to the residents

Table 5 shows the five (5) statements regarding the benefits of the BBR Program
to the residents. As viewed in the table, four (4) statement received verbal
interpretation of Strongly Agree (SA) and one (1) statement received an verbal
interpretation of Agree (A). Statement 4 (The program has provided financial or
material benefits (e.g., incentives, discounts, or rent deductions) to my family)
obtained the highest and perfect average value of 4.00 verbally interpreted as High (H)
agreement that the program benefits the respondents. While, Statement 1
(Participating in the program has reduced the amount of waste generated in my
household) obtained the lowest average value of 2.66 verbally interpreted as
Moderate (M) agreement that they’re household generation of waste is minimize.
Based on the follow up question of the researcher to the respondents, the
respondents strongly agree to the benefits they received by the Basura Bayad Renta of
ENRO.

“Malaking tulong po yung programa nila dahil….. imbis na isipin pa namin kung saan
kukunin yung pangbayad buwan-buwan ay mag-iipon nalang kaming mga taga dito ng
mga recycable materials hahahaha….. para naman may kwenta o halaga yung basura
na iniipon namin at mapapalitan naman ito ng pera upang pang bayad ng renta”
- Resyha Mercado Mendoza, one of the owner of household and
participant of BBR Program in AKAP Village

Incentive-based programs in solid waste management, particularly recycling, offer


significant benefits to households. Moqsud et al. (2011) highlighted that such programs
not only reduce waste management costs for residents but also create opportunities for
income generation through recycling activities. These initiatives empower households to
actively participate in sustainable waste practices while simultaneously improving their
economic well-being.
Benefits to the Environment
Statement AVG VI
The program has contributed to a decrease in littering within the
community.
3.02 A
(Ang programa ay nag-ambag sa pagbawas ng magkalat sa loob ng
komunidad)
The "Basura, Bayad Renta" program has promoted environmental
awareness among residents.
3.64 SA
(Ang programang "Basura, Bayad Renta" ay nagsulong ng kamalayan
sa kapaligiran sa mga residente)
Participating in the program has helped improve the cleanliness of the
surrounding environment.
3.72 SA
(Ang pakikilahok sa programa ay nakatulong sa pagpapabuti ng
kalinisan ng kapaligiran)
The program has helped in reducing pollution in our local waterways or
public spaces.
3.5 SA
(Nakatulong ang programa sa pagbabawas ng polusyon sa ating mga
lokal na daluyan ng tubig o mga pampublikong espasyo)
The program has reduced the overall waste in our community. 3.12 A
(Nabawasan ng programa ang kabuuang basura sa ating komunidad)
Table 6. Benefits to the environment

Table 6 shows the five (5) statements regarding the benefits of the BBR Program
to the environment within the community. As viewed in the table, three (3) statements
received a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree and two (2) statements received a
verbal interpretation of Agree (A). Statement 3 (Participating in the program has helped
improve the cleanliness of the surrounding environment) obtained the highest average
value of 3.72 verbally interpreted High (H) benefits to the environment within the
community in terms of the cleanliness. While statement 1 (The program has contributed
to a decrease in littering within the community) obtained the lowest average value of
3.02 verbally interpreted as Moderate (M) agreement of the respondents that the
program decrease the littering in their village. According to the respondents,

“Hindi naman po kase sir maiiwan na yung mga bata ay itinatapon yung mga
pinagkainan nilang mga plastic…… hahahahaha…… pero kame po, syempre pag
nakikita namin yang, pinagbalatan ng candy o yung mga basura ay pinupulot nanamin at
itinatapon den sa tamang tapunan”
- Theodora Ramos, one of the owner of household and
participants to the BBR Program in San Lorenzo Village

Another statement from the respondents caught the attention of the researcher as
Mrs. Dionisia Asuncion, the leader of the community in AKAP Village share of her
experience and satisfaction on how their village maintain the cleanliness.

“Sa totoo lang mga anak, hano….. hahahaha….. limang taon nakong nakatira dito at
masasabe ko na makalat dito noon dahil nga yung ibang bahay dito at inaabandona na
at kung saan-saan nalang nagtatapon ng basura mga tao dito. Pero nung nag start yung
Basura Bayad Renta nung nakaraan taon ay talaga namang napalinis ang village namin
at nakatulong ito upang mas ma appreciate namin yung community namin”

As she continue her thought about their achievements in last year christmas best
in household design.

“Nung nakaraang taon, ang village namin yung nanalo ng best christmas designed…..
dahil yung mga gamit namin ay talagang gawa sa mga recycable materials iyon lahat at
bilang premyo naman non ay binigyan kame ng mga solar panels”

A study by Zeng et al. (2017) states that incentive-based recycling programs


significantly benefit the environment by reducing landfill use, minimizing pollution, and
conserving natural resources. It emphasizes that offering rewards encourages public
participation, leading to higher recycling rates and a more sustainable waste management
system.
Challenges of Basura Bayad Renta Program

Challenges
No records on volume of recycable collected

The researchers finds out that this would be the biggest challenge of the Basura
Bayad Renta Program of ENRO because they will not justify whether this program is
successful or this implementation of the program totally minimize the volume of waste
and recycling rate in the two (2) village, AKAP and San Lorenzo. Based on the statement
given by sir Randy B. Gamboa, support staff and head of the said program, they only
focused on the sales of the recycable materials that the village submitted.

Figure 1. Sales record of BBR Program

Figure 1 shows the directory containing exclusive records of MRF personnel


pertaining to the sales of recyclables in AKAP and San Lorenzo villages during the
inaugural year of the BBR Program. Moreover, it outlines their designated schedule for
collecting the recyclables gathered by residents, with collections scheduled every Friday
in both villages. Also, in this sales record indicates the value of recycable materials they
collected per kilo; Plastic - 4.00 pesos per kilo, Lata - 5.00 pesos per kilo, Yero - 6.00
pesos per kilo, Bote - 1.00 peso per piece, Bakal - 10.00 pesos per kilo, Alloy - 40.00
pesos per kilo, and Assoster Papers - 1.00 peso per kilo.
“Ang ginagawa namin ay tuwing Friday every week ay kinokolekta namin gamit yung
truck namin, kinikilo namin siya at kung ilan lahat ng kilo ng recycable materials na
naipon nila at naibigay samin ay ayon ung pera na ibibigay namin sakanila, pero minsan
hindi naman den gaano kadami sa gawa nga ng every Friday kame nangongolekta ay…..
di ren sapat yung araw para makapah ipon o ganon sila kalakas mag generate ng waste,
especially yung mga pwedeng I-recycle”

- Sir Randy B. Gamboa, Support Staff and Head of the Program

No trace of the recyclables collected by the residents if they are only present in the
village.

Figure 2. Recycable materials collected in one of the households

Figure 2 shows the recycable materials collected on one of the households in San
Lorenzo Village, the researcher saw this tricycle full of recycable materials that belong to
the one of the households owner while roaming the village and represents their caps to
trade for the upcoming collection by the MRF stuff. The researcher took the chance to
interview on the spot the owner of the household.

“Hindi naman po lahat yan ay galing po saamin sir…… hahahahaha…… yung iba po
diyan ay galing po sa night market ng Palayan dahil street sweeper po kameng mag- asa,
kaya po hinihiwalay po namin at kinukuha yung pwede po naming ipagpalit pag po
nangulekta na sila Sir Randy”
The respondents decided to remain anonymous, and the researcher respectfully
respected the residents' decision. Collecting recyclable materials outside the village posed
a challenge for the BBR Program by ENRO, as the program primarily aims to minimize
waste generation and increase recycling rates in the two villages, rather than
encompassing the entirety of Palayan or other areas within Palayan City.

These two challenges were observed by the researcher during a comprehensive


survey, brief interviews with household owners, and while traversing the two villages.
The absence of documented data regarding the waste volume and recycling rates before,
during, and after the program undermines the assessment of the program's success in
reducing waste generation and increasing recycling rates in the two villages, the sales
record only will not justify the effectiveness of this program. Same goes to the lack of
knowledge by the ENRO and MRF staff where they are the ones responsible for
collecting waste and recyclable materials in the village. It is evident that not only are there
caps of the residents present in the village, but there are also households whose owners
work as street sweepers. These street sweepers take advantage of their position to collect
more recyclable materials, thereby increasing their profits. For instance, they diligently
gather plastic bottles, cardboard boxes, and aluminum cans from the streets, alleys, and
bins to sell them to recycling centers. This not only benefits the street sweepers financially
but also contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing waste in the community.
Programs aimed at improving solid waste management are less effective when there is no
baseline data on waste volume before, during, and after implementation. Wilson, Velis,
and Cheeseman (2006) emphasized that the absence of proper tracking mechanisms
hinders the ability to assess program outcomes and identify areas for improvement.
Moreover, focusing solely on household waste overlooks other critical waste streams,
limiting the program's overall impact and sustainability. Comprehensive data collection
and tracking are essential for ensuring the success of such initiatives.
CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

The "Basura, Bayad Renta" (BBR) program in AKAP and San Lorenzo
Village, despite being in operation for only one year, has demonstrated promising
potential as a community-based waste management initiative. While the program's
limited duration and current sales records may not yet provide sufficient data to justify
its overall success or scalability, its initial outcomes suggest tangible benefits for the
residents. These include increased awareness and participation in sustainable waste
management practices, cleaner living environments, and incentives that support
household economic conditions.

The program has fostered a sense of environmental responsibility among


participants and laid the groundwork for long-term behavioral change within the
community. However, further monitoring and evaluation over an extended period are
needed to fully assess its impact, refine its implementation, and explore its potential as a
sustainable model for waste management in other areas. Despite its limitations, the BBR
program has already shown that it can serve as a meaningful step toward addressing the
growing challenges of waste management while benefiting local residents.
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