CHAPTER

STANDARD ANGLES
3
The values of trigonometrical ratios of any angle are flxed and definite. Here the
values of trigonometrical ratios of some standard angles are díscussed.
"Prove that
cos 3o V3
sin 30° =2 2
tan 30°=

In AAOB. ZABO = 90° so that OA is the hypotenuse.

If ZAOB = 30o .. 20AB = 6o°
AB is produced to C such that AB = BC and OC is joined.
Now in 4 AOB and BOC. A

AB = BC, OB common, ZABO = CBO (= 90°)

.:. A are congruent. 20

..L0CB =20AB =60°

.. AAOC is an equilateral triangle. 300 av3
.. OA = 0C = AC = 2a (say) B

.:. AB = AC =
andin rt-angled triangle AOB 600
OB? = OA? - AB² = (2a)2 - (a)² = 3a2
OB = V3a2 = a3 C

In AAOB, ZAOB = 30°, ZABO = 90°

.:. OA = hypotenuse = 2a.,
AB = altitude = a,

OB = base = a/3
alt AB a
sin 30°=
hyp OA 2a COs ec 30° = 2

COs 30°= base OB av3 N3 .". Sec 30 =

2
hyp OA 2a 2 V3
alt AB a
tan 30°=
hyp OB av3 /3 .". cot 30° = 3

[42]
" Provethat
V3
sin60°= , cos 60°= tan 60= /3
2

ZABO= 90 AO is the hypotenuse

In AAOB.
0AB= 300 Trigon
If AOB =60°,
that
OBis producedto C such
OB = BC. AC is joined.
ABC
Now in A AOB and
OB = 0C, ZABO= ZABC(=90)
AB is cOmmon av3
43
.. Aare congruent.
LACB = ZAOB = 60° j600 600
A0C isan equilateral triangl B

. OA = 0C = AC = 2a (say)

OB -0C= a
In rt-angled triangle AOB,
AB² = OA?- OB² = (2a) - (a) = 3a2
AB = V3a = av3
In AAOB, ZAOB= 60°, ZABO = 90°
OA =hypotenuse = 2a, OB = base = a AB = altitude= av3

2
sin 60° =
alt AB_ av3 .. cOs ec 60° =
hyp OA 2a 2
1
COs 60°= base OB
.. sce 60 = 2
hyp OA 2a

1
tan 60 =
alt AB_ av3 .. cot 60 =
hyp OB a V3
 Prove that
1 1
sin 45° = cos 45°= tan 45= 1
(2) J2
X
In AABC, ZABC = 90° so that AC is the hypotenuse
Sangee If ZACB = 45° B
.:.LCAB = 45°.
.. AB = BC = a (say) 450
Ganít
.. By Pythagoras' theorem,
AC'= AB² + BC² = a + a' = 2a
.:. AC =V2a =a2
av3
44
.:. In AABC, ZACB = 45°, ZABC = 90°
AC = hypotenuse = av2 900
450
AB = altitude = a
B a
BC = base = a

sin 45°= alt AB a

hyp AC av2

COs 45°= base BC

hyp AC av2
alt AB a
tan 45°=
hyp BC a

Find geometrically, the value of

(0) tan 22°, cot 22° () tan 67°, cot 67 °
In AABC, ZABC= 90°, ZACB = 45°, ZCAB = 45°
BC is produced to D such that AC = CD and AD is joined.
Now in AACD, AC = CD

ZADC = DAC =
slADC + DAC)

= sext. ZACB = 45° = 224°

ZBAD =67° (: ZABD = 90°)
If AB = X, then BC = x
 AC = WAB+ Ac²
theorem)
(Pythagoras'
J'+x'= x2 450

CD = AC=xv2
BD =BC+ CD =x2 +x
900 Trigo
459
B

InAABD,
AB (ä-1)
x(2+1) (2+142-1) 2-I=cot67'
tan 22°= BD

tan67= BD
x(V2 +1) V2+1= cot 22 45
AB X

Find geometrically, the value of

(0) tan15°, cot 75 (11) tan 75°, cot 15°
A

600
15°)

900 30 (159
C
In AABC, ZABC = 90°, ZACB = 30
BC is produced to D such that AC = CD and AD Is joined.
Now in AACD, AC = CD

LADC = DAC
-zADC + ZDAC)
= ext. ZACB = 2 .30 = 15°
ZBAD = 75° : ZABD = 90]
.. fAB = X . AC = 2x las the hypotenuse is twice the side oppOsite to 30° angle]
and BC2 = AC' - AB? (Pythagoras' theorem)

. BC =VAC²- AB² =v4x-x? =xV3

 .. BD =BC+ CD = X3 +2x =x(2+N3)
.:. In AABD,
(2)
X tan 15° = cot 75° = AB E2-V3
Sangee
BD 2+V3

tan 75 cot15° = BD
x(2+W3) = 2+/3
Ganit AB

Values of Trigonometrical Ratios of Standard Angles

0° or 0° 30° or 45° or 60° or 90° or

6 4

46 sint
2

cos 1
2

tan 1
undefined

COseco undefined 2 1

seco 1 undefined
3

cot undefined 3 1
 SUMS WORKED OUT

1
ind the value of 3 tan 30. cosec 45°-2 cot 45° [Mk. "85(comp))
Trigon
Solution
Substituting the values of tan30° etc.,

The expn. = 3.
V2
2-2.1
=3.+1-2 = l+l- 2 =0 (ans.)
47
2 Show that tan2 I4 .sintantan? I 2
Mk. '86]

Solution

LH.S. = tan? .sin.

7
4 3
tan
6
tan? I
3
= tan' 45°.sin 60°. tan 30° tan 60°

-(4',.3= (Proved)
3 |1+ cos 30°
Show that = tan 60 + sec 300
I- cos 30°

Solution

(1+ cos 30)(1 +cos 30)

L.H.S.
V(1- cos 30°)(1+ cos 30)
2
(1+ cos 30°) (1+ cos 30)*
1- cos30° V sin 30°

1+ V3 2+ V3
1+ cos 30°
sin 30°
2 2
1
2+N3
2
2=2+N3
2
R.H.S. =tan 60+ sec60°
=V3 +2 . L.H.S. = R.H.S. (proved)
 Solve sin + cos e= 2, where 0 is a positive acute angle.
(2)
Solution
X
" sin 0+ cos = /2
Sangee
or, sin 0-V2 = - cos (by transposition)
or, Squaring both sides,
Ganit sin² 0 +2-2V2 sin = cos0
or, sin²e-2/2 sin0 +1+(1 -cos 0) = 0
or, 2sin'0-2/2 sin 9 +l =0 or.(/2 sin e)-242 sina).1 +@=0
48 Or,
(V2sin 9-1 =0 or, J2 sin 9 = 1

Or, sin = i.e., 0 = 45° (ans.)

5 Solve sin A + cos A = 1

Solution

By transposition, Sin A = 1- cos A

Squaring both sides,
sin'A = (1 - cos A)'
or, 1 - cos² A= 1+ cos² A-2c0s A
or, - cos A - cos A + 2cos A = 0
or, - 2cos A + 2c0s A = 0 or, - 2cos A(cosA - 1) = 0
Either cos A = 0 where A = 90°
or, cosA - 1= 0 i.e., cosA = 1 i.e., A = 0°
A = 0°, 90° (ans.)
6 Solve sec + tan = /3

Solution
sec² 0 = l+ tan'0 (by formula)
sec²0 - tan'0 = 1
(sec + tan 0) (sec - tan 0) = 1

(N3](sec &- tan 9) =1 (:: sece + tan = W3|

 sece - tan =
V3
3 (1)
Now, sece+ tan =
tan = (11)
and sece- v3
Adding (i) and (ii)
al-Tri
4
2sece= N3
V3 V3

sece = i.e., cOS = N3 (ans.)

2

7 f 2/cos² 8- sin"6) = 1, prove that (cot =J3 0° ses90°)

Solution
49
Since. 2 (cos* - sin 0)= 1
. 2(1 - sin"8- sin 0) = 1
or.. 2 (1 - 2sin² e) = 1
. 1-2sin' 8=

2sin' 9= -lz-; or, 2sin0 = 1

or. sin= 1
4

or, sin & = [neglecting the negative value. since is positive and acute]
= 30°
cot8 = cot30° = 3
OIfObe an angle in the first quadrant, solve the equation
4cos² - 43 cos +3 =0
Solution
since, 4cos 6 - 4N3 cos +3 = 0
2
or. (2cos 6)' -2.2 cosb.V3 +(N3) =0
or. (2 cos 6-43 =0
or, 2cos 0 - v3 =0
or, 2 cos = 3

Or, cos = N3 .:. 0= 30° (ans.)

2

G.S.2-41
 9 Solve 2sin?0 + 3cos 0 3
(2)
Solution
X
Sangee From the given equation,
2 (1 - cos²0) + 3cos =3
or, 2 - 2cos²0 + 3cos0-3 = 0
or, 2c0s'0 - 3cos + l = 0 or, 2cos² 0 - 2cos 0 - cos 9 + 1= 0
Ganit or, 2cos e (cos - 1) - 1(cos - 1) = 0
or, (cos - 1) (2cos - 1) =0
or, Either, cos - 1=0 i.e., cos 0=l i.e.. 0 = 0°
•
i.e., cos 0 = i.e., 0 = 60 or 60° (ans.)
2
50
TO Solve 2sin -3cos = 2 (0° ses 90°)

Solution

2sin 0 - 3cos 0 = 2
or, 2sin8= 2 + 3cos 0 (by transposition)
or, 4sin e= 4 + 9cos? 0 + 12cos 0, (squaring both sides)
or, 4(1 - cos 0) = 4+ 9cos? 0+ 12 cos = 0
or, 4 - 4cos² = 4 + 9cos? +12cos 0
O. 4cos²- 9cos² - 12cos e= 0
or, - 13cos0 - 12cos = 0 or, - cos 0 (13cos + 12) = 0
Either, cos = 0, whence = 90°
or. 13cos + 12 =0 i.e., cos = ,which is neglected, as 0 is a positive acute
13
angle.
=90° (ans.)
TSolve for if sec? 0= 2ta: 9(0° s0s 90°)

Solution
sec'0 = 2tan
Or, 1+ tan" 0 = 2tan 9
or, tan'0 - 2tan + l =0 or, (tan 0 - 1' = 0
or, tan - 1= 0 Or, tan0 - 1 = 0
or, tan = 1
0 = 45° (ans.)
 12 Solvefor e, if 2cos+2-2/2 cos =0, (0° <0 <90)

Solution

2cos +2- 2/2 cos =0

Trigo
or.
(vZcose/? -2(V2 cose).1+(0) =0
Or. (12cose-1 -0 or. V2 cos0 -1=0

or. :. 0=45° (ans.)

13Ind the value of x, if x cos 30° sin 60 tan? 45° sec 60°
COsec 60°
51
)Solution
Putting the values of the trigonometrical angles,
(1)'.2
2
V3
J3 1.2.V3 Or, X=
1.2.V3.4.2 ||
4 2 2 2.3./3 (ans.)

14r= sin?30° + 4cot 45° - sec°60°, find the value of x

Solution

-6+4.4' -(2)°
-+4-4 =4 .. X= (ans.)

15 sec + tan 0 2+/3

Solve
sec - tan 9 2-J3
Solution
By componendo and dividendo
(sec8 +tan 0) +(sec8 - tan 9) (2+3)+(2-N3)
(seco +tan 0) -(sec® - tan 6) (2+N3)-(2- N3)
 2 sec0 4 seco 2
Or,
2 tan 0 2J3 or, tan
(2) COs 9 2
Or, or, sin 0
cos sin 0 W3
X
Sangee or, sin0=
V3 .. 0=60° (ans.)
2
T6 ind the values of x and y [Mk. '85)
x tan30° + y cot60° = 0 ()
Ganit
2x - y tan45° = 1 (i)

Solution

From first equation,

52 1
=0

or, X + s= 0 (iii)
From second equation,
2x-y = 1, ( tan45° = 1) (iv)
Adding (ii) and (i)
3x = 1 Or

Substituting the value of x in (ii)

y=-x = -- .x=y= - (ans)
17 Find the values of xand y (Mk. '85 (comp.)
4x sin² 30° + s sec 60° = 0
x - y cosec? 45° = 4

Solution

(From the first equation, puttng the values of the trigonometrical ratios,)
+ y.2 = 0or, x + 2y = 0 (ii)
And from the second equation

x-y(v2) =4 or, x- 2y =4 (iv)

Adding (ii) and (iv)
2x = 4 or, x = 2

From (ii) 2y =-x i.e., 2y =-2 i.e., y=-1 :: x= 2, y =-1 (ans.)

 B- C) = 1, findthe value of A. B.
18 Tf sin(B + C- A) = cos(C + A - B)= tan (A +

Solution
Trigo
sin (B +C- A)
=l .: B+ C-A =90° (1)

cos (C + A - B) = 1 .. C+A - B= 0° (ii)

tan (A + B - C) =
l .. A+ B - C = 45° (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii)
90°.C= 45°
B+C- A) + (C + A- B) = 90° i.e., 2C =
Adding (ii) and (ii)
45°
2A = 45° .. A = -22
(C+ A - B) + (A + B- C) = 45° i.e., 2
53
Adding () and (ii) 135°
= 135° i.e., 2B=135°.:: B= 67 2
(B +C- A) + (A + B - C) 2

(ans.)
: A=22,B= 67 C- 45°
positive acute angle.
19 Tf P sin 0 = /3 and P cos 0 = 1, find P and 0, where 0 is a

Solution

Since, P sin 0 = /3 (i)

and Pcos = 1 (i)

Squaring i) and (i) and adding together,

p'sin'0 + Pcos²0=3+ 1

or, P (sin0 + cos0) = 4

or, P. l = 4 or, P² = 4 i.e., P = 2

Again, dividing (i) by (ii)

P sin 0 V3
Pcos 1

i.e., tan = V3 i.e., 0 = 60°

.:. P=2, 0= 60° (ans.)
 20 1
If 0 = 60°, show that cos /1+ sin 0+ 2 J1- sin 0
(2) 2

X Solution
Sangee
1+ sin =

Ganit 2+ V3 4+2/3
4

J32 +1
4

54 Similarly, .. V1- sin 6= 3-1

2

.:. R.H.S. -1+ sin 8+1-sin e

=C0s 30°= V3
60°
L.H.S. = C0S = C0S
2 2
.:. L.H.S. = RH.S. (proved)

EXERCISE
SET-1
(Short answer type)
1, If cos0 + cos²60° = 1, find the value of sino.
2. Find the value of x in the following cases.
(i) xsin'60° =3
(ii) x cos'60 - sin30° = 2

(iii) tan² 45°+ sin' 45° = 92

5
(iv) sin²
sin 90° + cos² 60° =
X 4
3. If tan0 +cot® =2 and (0 is positive acute angle), then which of the following is the
correct value for sin..
 ()2 ()
/3

(8-15°)= fnd the value of sin(0- 30°)

4. Ifsin

Dor what value of p. the value of p'sino may be equal to 2 when coso = Trigo

6 Iftan12-=V3,ind the value of tan.,

value of
7 What is the
) sin°60° + cos'60° (ii) sec²45° - tan'45°
(ii) cosec'30° - tan'60° (iv) sin'90° - cot245°
sin0 + cosec0.
e If sinê + cOsece = 2, then find the value of
Iftanê - cote =0 then find the value of - 55
() sin (0- 15') + cos (0 + 15°)
sec. cOs ec 20
tan (0 + 159)
(iii) COs 20 + sin 0
(iü) tan (0-15°)

x(sin 60 + cos 30)

10. If (sin 300 + COs 60°)
= 3 then find the value of x

11. If xcos( +30) =J2 and sin (60 -0) = then find the value of x

1
12, x cos (30 + 0)= find the value of xwhere cosec (15° + 0) =2
2

13. If a+B= 90° and a:B=2:1,find the value of sina. : sinB.

14. If a+ B= 90 and 2a = B, find the value of (sin'a + cos²B)
15. If cos 2ß = 1, find the value of sinß
1
16. In a right angled triangle ABC, sin (A + B) = l and coSA = 2 find the value of cos
(C- B)
17. If tan (0 + 15°) = 1, 0 is a positive acute angle, find the value of
sin
(i) sin20 (ii) cos20 (iii) tan20 (iv)
cos 20
18. Find the value of
(i) cos1º cos2° cos30 .Cos1000 (ii) sin30 sin45 sin600

19. If tanb +cote =2 and e is a positiveacute angle, then which of the following is the
Correct value of sino ?
 1
(ti) (iv) none of those.
(2)
20. If r sine = l and r cose =.00 <0 < 90, find 0 and r
X 21. If tane = sin30° + cos60º. find the value of sin (90 - 0)
Sangee
find the value of cos2A
22. Ii 2 sin A = cosec A and A is posttive actue angle,

Ganit 23. If sin20 = 5, what is the value of cos30 ?

24. Find the value of 0. if 00 <0 <20° and if cos 90 cos90 = 0
C
25. If sinA + sin2B + cos3C = C. find the values of A, B and

26. If sin (3a - B) = 1and cos (2a + B) = ,find value of a and B.

56 2

27. What is the value of sin60 cot600 + cot600 tan 30o

60 ?
28. For what value of p, the expression p sin0 is equal to 2, if 0 =
y, find sin A
29. AB is the hypotenuse of a right-angled AABC, BC = Xx and AB + AC =
and cos A in terms of X and y.

of cot
30. In a right angled triangle ABC, sin (A + B) = 1and cos A= ,find the value
(C - B).
31. In AABC, ZC = 90°, AC: BC=3:4, find the value of cosec A.

32. If tan ä-=V3,

2
find the value of 0.
SET-II
(Normal answer type)
Find the value of

33. cot 30°-2 cos² 60°-see

4 45°-4 sin² 30°
tan 60- tan 30° + cOs 60° cos 30°+ sin 60° sin 30°
34.
l+ tan 60° tan 30°

1- sin'30° cos 60° +cos30° +sin 60° tan 30°

35.
1+ sin' 45° cosec² 90° - cot 90°
36. sec 45°- cos 45° +
sin 90°- cos 60°
sin 60°+ cos² 60° tan 30°
4
 2tan'30
+(sec 45°- cot 45)-(sin'30 sin'60)
1- tan 30°
37.
7

+sin tan 4 sin cos 3

38. sin 3

89. s'sesin?1 44c0t2 7 Trigo

4 4

tan
tan
T
cot-cot
6 3
3 6
40.
1+ tan tan
6
1+ cotcot
6

cor? 3
3
4
41. Cot + sin 57

Showthat

1+ sin30° = sec 60° sin 60°

42. 11-sin 30°
1+2sin 60° cos 60° 1-2sin 60° cos 60° =2cos 30°
43. sin 60°- cos 600
sin 60°+ COs 60°
4(cosec 45+sec² 45)
44. 3sec 30°cosec 60°+ cosec 30° sec60°) =

45. cos cos 4 + sin sin 4 = sincoscos 4 sin

3 cosec? 2 tan2I
46. cot -tan"- 2sin 6 4 4 4

Solve
60°
47. xsin 45° cos45° tan 60° = tan45°-cos
sin 30 - tan' 30° COS ec30' + cot 45° =
1
48.
cot 45 + cot 60° sec 60 + cos 90

49. cot'-4 sin' 3 xcot 3 sin 4T COS 4

tan sec
50, Sin27 3 3
4 COseo2
4

st.(x*jcot Cos? +
38 4
+2sin*
6

G.S.2-42
 52. 6 sin? 11 sin 0 + 4 = 0

(2) 53. cosec?e+ /3 cot - 7=0

54. sec?0 + tan?0 =7
X 55. sin + V3 cos =1
Sangee 56. tan = cot e + cosec e

57.
sin e-cos l -3
sin 0 +cos l+/3
oGanit
58. sin 9 + cos = V2

59. sin 0. cos =

60. cOsec0 cot = 2/3
58 61. 3- sin 0. cos =5 cos² 9
62. Ifa = 45°, findB from the following
COs 3ß = 3 cos a - 4 cos a
63. Find B, if a = 30° andcos B = cos a - sin²a
64. If sin(a - B) = cos (a + B) =ä,find the value of cot22 a tan?3 B

65. In triangle ABC, each of the angles A,B,C are acute. If sin (B + C - A) = V3 and
2
tan (C + A - B)=1 find A, B, C.