Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Event Driven Programming

with C#
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Course Contents
Chapter
1. Event Driven Fundamentals
2. Programming with Event Driven
3. The Elements of Event Driven Programming
4. Advanced Programming with Event Driven
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5. Database Programming 2

By Kedir G 1
Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

Chapter 3: The Elements of event driven programs

Contents of the Chapter
1. Creating Menus in Your Programs
2. Enhancing Your Programs with Forms and Dialog Boxes
3. Handling Keyboard and Mouse Input in Your Programs
4. Working with Time and Timers
5. Adding Graphics to Your Programs
6. Writing Reusable Code with Subs and Functions
7. Saving and Retrieving Your Data with programs
26-Jun-24 8. Deploying your event driven Applications 119

The Elements of event driven programs……... Events

 An event is an action that you can respond to, or "handle," in
code.
 Events can be generated
 by a user action, such as clicking the mouse or pressing a key,
 by program code, or
 by the system.
 Event-driven applications execute code in response to an event.
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By Kedir G 2
Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Events

 Each form and control exposes a predefined set of events that you
can program against.
 If one of these events occurs and there's code an associated event
handler, that code is invoked.
 If a user clicks a form, code in the form's Click event handler is
executed.

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The Elements of event driven programs……... Window Forms

 Windows Forms
 is a smart client technology for the .NET Framework,
 a set of managed libraries that simplify common application tasks such as
reading and writing to the file system.
 When you use a development environment like Visual Studio, you
can create Windows Forms applications that
 display information,
 request input from users, and
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 communicate with remote computers over a network. 122

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Window Forms

 A form is a visual surface on which you display information to the user.
 You ordinarily build Windows Forms applications by adding controls to forms and
developing responses to user actions, such as mouse clicks or key presses.
 A control is a discrete user interface (UI) element that displays data or accepts data
input.
 When a user does something to your form or one of its controls, the action
generates an event.
 Your application reacts to these events by using code, and processes the events
when they occur.
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The Elements of event driven programs……... Window Forms

 Windows Forms contains a variety of controls that you can add to
forms: controls that display text boxes, buttons, drop-down
boxes, radio buttons, and even Web pages.
 If an existing control does not meet your needs, Windows Forms
also supports creating your own custom controls using the
UserControl class.

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Window Forms

 With the drag-and-drop Windows Forms Designer in Visual
Studio, you can easily create Windows Forms applications.
 Just select the controls with your cursor and add them where you
want on the form.
 You can use the FlowLayyoutPanel, TableLayyoutPanel and
SplitContainer controls to create advanced form layouts in less
time.
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The Elements of event driven programs……... Creating a new Windows Forms

 Create Windows Forms applications,

 Add the controls you can use on them,
 Control events and handling events to provide App functionality and
 how to handle input from the user,

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Creating a new Windows Forms

 Important parts of Visual Studio to create A Windows Forms App.

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The Elements of event driven programs……... Creating a new Windows Forms

1. Solution Explorer
 All of your project files, code, forms, resources, will appear in this pane.
2. Properties
 This pane shows property settings you can configure based on the item selected.
3. Form Designer
 This is the designer for the form. It's interactive and you can drag-and-drop objects from the
Toolbox.
 By selecting and moving items in the designer, you can visually compose the user interface (UI)
for your app.
4. Toolbox
 The toolbox contains all of the controls you can add to a form.
 To add a control to the current form, double-click a control or drag-and-drop the control.
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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Window Forms

 An event is an action which you can respond to, or "handle," in code.
 Events can be generated by a user action, by program, or by the system.
 An event handler is a procedure in your code that determines what
actions are performed when an event occurs, such as when the user
clicks a button or a message queue receives a message.
 An event handler is a method that is bound to an event.
 When an event is raised, the event handler or handlers that receive the
event are executed.
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The Elements of event driven programs……... Window Forms

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Add event handler code here.
}
 Each event handler provides two parameters that allow you to handle the
event properly

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Controls

 Windows Forms controls are reusable components that encapsulate
user interface functionality and are used in client-side, Windows-
based applications.
 Not only does Windows Forms provide many ready-to-use
controls, it also provides the infrastructure for developing your own
controls.
 You can combine existing controls, extend existing controls, or
author your own custom controls
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The Elements of event driven programs……...

Position and layout of controls
 Control placement in Windows Forms is determined not only by
the control, but also by the parent of the control.
 The position a control appears on a parent is determined by the
value of the Location property relative to the top-left of the
parent surface.
 The top-left position coordinate in the parent is (x0,y0) .
 The size of the control is determined by the Size property and
represents the width and height of the control.
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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……...

Position and layout of controls

 When a control is added to a parent that enforces automatic

placement, the position and size of the control is changed.
 In this case, the position and size of the control may not be
manually adjusted, depending on the type of parent.
 The MaximumSize and MinimumSize properties help set
the minimum and maximum space a control can use.
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The Elements of event driven programs……...

Position and layout of controls
 There are two control properties that help with precise placement of
controls: Margin and Padding.
 The Margin property defines the space around the control that keeps
other controls a specified distance from the control's borders.
 The Padding property defines the space in the interior of a control
that keeps the control's content (for example, the value of its Text
property) a specified distance from the control's borders.
 The following figure shows the Margin and Padding properties on a
26-Jun-24 control. 134

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……...

Position and layout of controls

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The Elements of event driven programs……...

Automatic placement and size
 Controls can be automatically placed within their parent.
 Some parent containers force placement while others respect control settings that
guide placement.
 There are two properties on a control that help automatic placement and size
within a parent: Dock and Anchor.
 Drawing order can affect automatic placement.
 The order in which a control is drawn determined by the control's index in the
parent's Controls collection.
 This index is known as the Z-order. Each control is drawn in the reverse order
they appear in the collection.
26-Jun-24  Meaning, the collection is a first-in-last-drawn and last-in-first-drawn collection. 136

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Docker

 The Dock property sets which border of the control is aligned to the corresponding side of the
parent, and how the control is resized within the parent.
 When a control is docked, the container determines the space it should occupy and resizes and
places the control.
 The width and height of the control are still respected based on the docking style.
 For example, if the control is docked to the top, the Height of the control is respected but the Width is automatically
adjusted.
 If a control is docked to the left, the Width of the control is respected but the Height is automatically adjusted.
 The Location of the control can't be manually set as docking a control automatically controls its
position.
 The Z-order of the control does affect docking. As docked controls are laid out, they use what
space is available to them.
 For example, if a control is drawn first and docked to the top, it will take up the entire width of the container.
26-Jun-24  If a next control is docked to the left, it has less vertical space available to it. 137

The Elements of event driven programs……... Anchor

 Anchoring a control allows you to tie the control to one or more
sides of the parent container. As the container changes in size, any
child control will maintain its distance to the anchored side.
 A control can be anchored to one or more sides, without
restriction. The anchor is set with the Anchor property.

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Container

FORM
 The Form is the main object of Windows Forms.
 A Windows Forms application will usually have a form displayed at all times.
 Forms contain controls and respect the Location and Size properties of the control for
manual placement.
 Forms also respond to the Dock property for automatic placement.
 Most of the time a form will have grips on the edges that allow the user to resize the
form.
 The Anchor property of a control will let the control grow and shrink as the form is
26-Jun-24 resized. 139

The Elements of event driven programs……... Container

PANEL
 The Panel control is similar to a form in that it simply groups controls
together.
 It supports the same manual and automatic placement styles that a form does.
 A panel blends in seamlessly with the parent, and it does cut off any area of
a control that falls out of bounds of the panel.
 If a control falls outside the bounds of the panel and AutoScroll is set to true
, scroll bars appear and the user can scroll the panel.
 Unlike the group box control, a panel doesn't have a caption and border.
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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Container

GROUPBOX
 The GroupBox control provides an identifiable grouping for other controls.
 Typically, you use a group box to subdivide a form by function.
 For example, you may have a form representing personal information and the fields
related to an address would be grouped together.
 At design time, it's easy to move the group box around along with its contained controls.
 The group box supports the same manual and automatic placement styles that a form
does.
 A group box also cuts off any portion of a control that falls out of bounds of the panel.
 Unlike the panel control, a group box doesn't have the capability to scroll content and
26-Jun-24 display scroll bars. 141

The Elements of event driven programs……... Container

FLOWLAYOUT PANEL
 The FlowLayout Panel control arranges its contents in a horizontal or vertical flow
direction.
 You can wrap the control's contents from one row to the next, or from one column to the
next. Alternately, you can clip instead of wrap its contents.
 You can specify the flow direction by setting the value of the FlowDirection property.
 The FlowLayoutPanel control correctly reverses its flow direction in Right-to-Left (RTL)
layouts.
 You can also specify whether the FlowLayoutPanel control's contents are
 wrapped or clipped by setting the value of the WrapContents property.
 The FlowLayoutPanel control automatically sizes to its contents when you set the
26-Jun-24 AutoSize property to true. 142

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Controls

TABLELAYOU TPANEL

 The TableLayoutPanel control arranges its contents in a grid.

 Because the layout is done both at design time and run time, it can change dynamically as the
application environment changes.
 This gives the controls in the panel the ability to resize proportionally, so they
can respond to changes such as the parent control resizing or text length changing
because of localization.
 Any Windows Forms control can be a child of the TableLayoutPanel control,
including other instances of TableLayoutPanel.
 This allows you to construct sophisticated layouts that adapt to changes at run
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The Elements of event driven programs……... Controls

TABLELAYOU TPANEL…….

 You can also control the direction of expansion (horizontal or vertical) after the
TableLayoutPanel control is full of child controls.
 By default, the TableLayoutPanel control expands downward by adding rows.
 You can control the size and style of the rows and columns by using the RowStyles
and ColumnStyles properties. You can set the properties of rows or columns
individually.
 The TableLayoutPanel control adds the following properties to its child controls: Cell ,
Column , Row , ColumnSpan , and RowSpan .

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By Kedir G 14
Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Container

SPLITCONTAINER
 The Windows Forms SplitContainer control can be thought of as a composite
control; it's two panels separated by a movable bar.
 When the mouse pointer is over the bar, the pointer changes shape to show that
the bar is movable.
 With the SplitContainer control, you can create complex user interfaces; often, a
selection in one panel determines what objects are shown in the other panel.
 This arrangement is effective for displaying and browsing information.
 Having two panels lets you aggregate information in areas, and the bar, or
26-Jun-24 "splitter," makes it easy for users to resize the panels. 145

The Elements of event driven programs……... Container

TABCONTROL
 The TabControl displays multiple tabs, like dividers in a notebook or labels in a set of
folders in a filing cabinet.
 The tabs can contain pictures and other controls.
 Use the tab control to produce the kind of multiple-page dialog box that appears many
places in the Windows operating system, such as the Control Panel and Display
Properties.
 Additionally, the TabControl can be used to create property pages, which are used to
set a group of related properties.
 The most important property of the TabControl is TabPages, which contains the
individual tabs. Each individual tab is a TabPage object
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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Label Control

 Windows Forms Label controls are used to display text that cannot be edited by
the user.
 They're used to identify objects on a form and to provide a description of what
a certain control represents or does.
 For example, you can use labels to add descriptive captions to text boxes, list boxes,
combo boxes, and so on.
 You can also write code that changes the text displayed by a label in response to
events at run time.
 The caption displayed in the label is contained in the Text property.
 The TextAlign property allows you to set the alignment of the text within the
26-Jun-24 label. 147

The Elements of event driven programs……... Controls Events

 Controls provide events that are raised when the user interacts with
the control or when the state of the control changes.
 Common events shared by most controls, events raised by user
interaction, and events unique to specific controls.

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Controls Events

 Common Events
 Controls provides more than 60 events through the base class Control.
 These include the Paint event, which causes a control to be drawn, events related to
displaying a window, such as the Resize and Layout events, and low-level mouse and
keyboard events.
 Some low-level events are synthesized by Control into semantic events such as Click
and DoubleClick.
 Most shared events fall under these categories:
 Mouse events
 Keyboard events
 Property changed events
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 Other events 149

The Elements of event driven programs……... Controls Events

 Mouse Events
 Considering Windows Forms is a User Interface (UI) technology, mouse input is the primary way users
interact with a Windows Forms application. All controls provide basic mouse-related events:
 MouseClick
 MouseDoubleClick
 MouseDown
 MouseEnter
 MouseHover
 MouseLeave
 MouseMove
 MouseUp
 MouseWheel
 Click
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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs……... Controls Events

 Keyboard Events
 If the control responds to user input, such as a TextBox or Button control, the
appropriate input event is raised for the control.
 The control must be focused to receive keyboard events.
 Some controls, such as the Label control, can't be focused and can’t receive
keyboard events.
 The following is a list of keyboard events:
 KeyDown
 KeyPress
 KeyUp
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The Elements of event driven programs:

Creating Menus in Your Programs

 Menus provide a convenient way to group similar or related commands

in one place.
 Most users are familiar with the menu bar concept and expect standard
menus such as File, Edit, and Help to appear in their applications.
 Clicking a menu on the menu bar displays a dropdown list of
commands.
 While graphical elements like menus, toolbars, and other constructs
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make applications much more friendly. 152

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs:

Creating Menus in Your Programs

 The different kinds of menu structures and the classes that support them in the
.NET Framework.
 The traditional menu bar, sometimes called the main menu or an anchored
menu, is a set of menus shown horizontally across the top of most applications.
 The menus in a typical menu bar display a dropdown list of commands when
they are activated with the mouse or by a keyboard accelerator.
 Another type of menu is a context menu, also called a popup menu or shortcut
menu.
 A context menu is a menu that appears in a particular situation, or context.
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The Elements of event driven programs:

Creating Menus in Your Programs

 A context menu is a group of commands or menu items that can be

accessed by right-clicking on the control surface.
 It usually contains some frequently used commands for example Cut, Copy and
Paste in a text editor.
 In Windows Forms, a context menu is created using the MenuStrip
control and its command or menu items are ToolStrip objects.
 When you use the ToolStrip and MenuStrip controls, you can create
toolbars and menus that contain text and images, display submenus, and
26-Jun-24 host other controls such as text boxes and combo boxes. 154

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

The Elements of event driven programs:

Adding the following Elements

1. Working with Time and Timers

2. Adding Graphics to Your Programs
3. Adding Help to Your Programs
4. Making Programming Easier with add-Ins
5. Deploying your event driven Applications

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Chapter 5: Database Programming

Contents of the Chapter
1. Database Basics and the Data Control

2. Making Reports in event driven

3. Enhancing Your Programs Using the Advanced Data Controls

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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

Database Basics and the Data Control

 Data Definition Languages
 Data Manipulation
 Data Control Languages

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Database Basics and the Data Control

 Steps for connecting a C# WinForms app in Visual Studio 2022 with a
MySQL Database server to perform basic operations
1. Install
◦ MySQL server running (local or remote)
◦ MySQL Connector/NET library
2. Create Winform Application.
3. Establish Database Connection
◦ Add
◦ using System.Data;
◦ using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

Database Basics and the Data Control

4. Create a MySqlConnection object to hold the connection details
◦ string connectionString =
"Server=localhost;Database=your_database_name;User=your_username;
Password=your_password;";
◦ MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
 MySqlConnection function Creates a new MySqlConnection object,
which represents a connection to a MySQL database server.
 ConnectionString: This argument is a critical string that specifies the
details needed to connect to the database.
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Database Basics and the Data Control

5. connection.Open();
◦ Purpose: Establishes an actual connection between your C#
application and the MySQL server based on the configuration provided
in the ConnectionString.
◦ Importance: This step is crucial for enabling any database
communication.
◦ Without an open connection, you cannot execute queries, retrieve data,
or perform any other database operations.
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Event Driven Programming Lecture Notes June, 2024

Database Basics and the Data Control

6. connection.Close():
 After you've finished interacting with the database (executing queries,
retrieving data, etc.), it's essential to close the connection using the Close()
method.
 Purpose: Terminates the connection between your C# application and the
MySQL server to releases the resources associated with the connection on
both the server and your application sides.
 A common best practices for managing connections is to use a using block.
This ensures the connection is automatically closed even if an exception
occurs, preventing resource leaks.
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Thank you

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By Kedir G 23