Publication ethics are central to the scholarly scientific research publishing to

win the trust and the confidence of the research community. Authors,
reviewers, editors and publishers are important stakeholders of the
publication process and each one of these elements must adhere to the
standard ethical practices to enhance the authenticity and the originality of
the published work.

Editor’s Duties and Responsibilities in Upholding Publication Ethics

This publication/publisher follows the COPE Code of Conduct and the Best
Practice Guidelines for the Journal Editors and the Code of Conduct for the
Journal Publishers.

Roles & Responsibilities of the Editor

 The Editorial Board comprised of the experts in their respective

subjects and it is headed by the Editor-in-Chief. This is the ultimate
decision making body in the entire publication process.
 The editor in chief/editor is the final authority to decide whether or not
the submitted manuscript fits within the scope of the journal. Hence
he/she decides to consider or reject the manuscript at the
entry/submission level.
 The publisher is final in framing the publication policies and the entire
editorial board acts in accordance to the policies of the journal. The
publisher however should abide by the national and the international
publication standards for copyrights and the ethical practices towards
animal, human and environment rights backed by the legal cell to
resolve conflicts and violations if any in this process.
 After having evaluating the manuscript for its relevance, originality and
novice, the editor must assign the manuscript for review.
 Editors should forward the manuscripts for reviewer’s scrutiny and
should abide by the reviewer’s recommendations towards
acceptance/rejection of the manuscript for publication.
 Editor must act impartial and judicious in assigning the manuscript for
review by selecting the right reviewer and keeping the identities of the
author/s confidential to avoid bias.
 The editor must act transparent while assessing the originality of the
manuscript for plagiarism by applying appropriate and universally
acceptable software tools to avoid personal bias.
 Editor must remain impartial by accepting or rejecting the manuscript
based on the reviewer’s comment.
  Editor must disclose the conflict of interest if any while performing the
editorial duties to remain judicious. Editor must stay away from such
decisions in case of any personal, institutional and financial conflict of
interests.
 Editor must not disclose any unpublished material in the manuscript
without the author’s consent.
 Editor should stick to the publication style of the publishing house for
proofing and formatting of the manuscript and should work with the
author in comply with it.
 Editor must take steps to see that the manuscripts abide by the
editorial policy of the publisher towards disclosure of the
information/content.

Roles & Responsibilities of the Reviewer in Maintaining Publication

Standards

 Reviewer plays a pivotal role in the entire review process in enhancing

the quality of the manuscript based on which the manuscript gets
published or rejected.
 Reviewer must be a subject expert in the concerned field as s/he
should enriches and enhances the value of the manuscript with their
critical analysis and suggestions.
 Reviewer thus must be truthful in acting as a referee in judging the
quality of the manuscript.
 The reviewer must remain abreast of the developments taking place in
their area of expertise to add value to the manuscript.
 Qualifications and the expertise of the reviewer thus are crucial in
ensuring the best review standards. Reviewers must therefore disclose
their abilities/inability in judging the manuscript.
 Publishing industry generally works on deadlines and reviewer must
remain punctual in honoring it with their timely review submissions to
avoid delay in the publication process.
 The reviewer must maintain confidentiality by keeping the decisions
intact and should disclose the outcome only to the respective decision
making body.
 Reviewer must remain objective while making decisions by thoroughly
adhering to the research standards. They should examine the copy
critically for aspects like duplication, violation of copyrights, and abuse
of any clinical ethical practices, including human, animal and the
environmental rights.
  The reviewer should add value to the final outcome of the manuscript
after the review process through knowledge sharing, and
enhancement.
 Reviewer must closely scrutinize the aspects like referencing style,
citations, and the disclosure of information for upholding the national
security, and the territorial integrity of the region.
 Financial and personal conflicts of interest of the reviewer influence
the final outcome of the manuscript. The reviewer must abstain from
the review process on such cases.
 Reviewers should not review the manuscripts in which they have
competitive, collaborative, institutional, and personal conflicts of
interest with any of the author/s, and publisher.

Roles and Responsibilities of the Author in Upholding Publication Ethics

 Author/s remains in the center of the entire publication process as the

author takes the initiative to explore an innovative research area to be
considered as manuscript for publication.
 Author‘s zeal in searching for novelty and their commitment to adhere
to originality promotes the best research and publication standards.
 Author must be committed to stick to the ethical practices while
conducting research and documenting the same as a manuscript.
 They must stick to originality and should thoroughly acknowledge the
source of information in writing the manuscript.
 Any contempt or violation of copyrights is a criminal offence and hence
the authors must refrain from such acts by taking prior permission of
the copyright holder before publishing.
 The author/s must declare that the manuscript submitted is
unpublished, original and is not under review with other publisher.
Author remains responsible for violations if any and all the disputes
can be addressed as per the international publication laws and norms.
 Any manuscript that is partially or totally overlap with the already
published material can be considered as duplication. Authors must not
submit the same manuscript for more than one journal. Such practices
are against the International copyright laws, ethical conducts, and cost
effective use of resource to ensure originality of the manuscript and
such manuscripts are liable to be rejected.
 Author/s must take enough care while including images, pictures and
figures and usage of any copyrighted image should be duly
acknowledged or should be used with prior permission.
  Research without siting various source of information is neither
possible nor imaginable. Authors must refrain from such citation
practices to increase the number of citations of a given author, as it is
citation manipulation.
 If the final outcome contain manipulated results with fabricated or
falsified experiments and data, such manuscript is considered as
falsification or fabrication consents.
 The authors listed or mentioned in the manuscript must have made a
significant contribution towards the research work submitted and they
all should abide by the claims made in the manuscript. It is necessary
to acknowledge the individual contributions of all the authors including
the students and laboratory technicians.
 Authors must disclose financial interests or collaborations if any that
may directly or indirectly raise the question of bias in the submitted
work. Authors must acknowledge the funding or institutional support in
the manuscript.
 Author must maintain confidentiality towards patient’s identities that
have participated in th clinical studies. Disclosure of the names,
pictures and other identities affects the privacy of the participants and
it is against the research norms.
 Patients taking part in the clinical experiments should be well informed
of the consequences and side effects if any and their consent should
be taken in writing prior to subjecting them to the clinical experiments.
 Authors must furnish the approval of the regulatory bodies when the
research involves animals, human and bio specimen. Author/s must
include a statement on ethics approval at the commencement of the
Methods section by mentioning the name and the address of the ethics
committee.
 Author must act proactive in responding to any criticism, corrections
from any quarter and should take steps to rectify discrepancies if any if
the article gets published.

Ethical Roles and Responsibilities of the Publisher

 Publisher remains responsible for all the published material in print or

digital form and hence should take all the measures that would not
attract any legal procedure.
 Publisher must be aware of all the international publication norms and
ethics irrespective of the publication model and must make a
statement to this effect to disclose their publication policy.
  Publisher in collaboration with the editor in chief should take necessary
measures to correct acts of plagiarism or violation of copyright if
detected in the publication process.
 Publisher must publish an erratum in case of any technical or
typological error in the published manuscript by making a clear
statement to this effect.
 Publisher should retract any publication that is impinges the code of
conduct of the research publication.
 The Publisher should not discriminate any author or their contribution
based on their age, gender, color, religion, creed, disability, marital
status, veteran status, national origin, race, genetic predisposition and
sexual orientation.
 As per the editorial policy of the periodical the publisher must make
arrangements to provide access to the published material to its users.
 The publisher must take necessary measures in the circulation,
preservation, archiving and distribution of the published research by
partnering with organizations/institutions.

https://www.gavinpublishers.com/publicationethics

How important Publication ethics?

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Publication ethics are crucial for maintaining the integrity and credibility of the academic and
research community. Here’s why they matter:

1. Credibility and Trust: Ethical practices ensure that research findings are reliable and
trustworthy. This helps build confidence in scientific literature and the research process.
2. Fairness: Ethics help ensure that all contributors are recognized for their work, prevent
conflicts of interest, and protect against plagiarism and data manipulation.
3. Transparency: Ethical guidelines promote transparency in research methods, data, and
results, which allows others to replicate and validate findings.
4. Accountability: Adhering to ethical standards holds researchers and publishers
accountable for their work and helps prevent misconduct such as fabrication or
falsification of data.
5. Respect for Participants: Ethics ensure that research involving human or animal
subjects is conducted with respect and care, protecting their rights and welfare.
 6. Academic Integrity: Upholding ethical standards prevents issues like duplicate
publication and authorship disputes, which can undermine the quality and reputation of
academic work.

In summary, publication ethics are fundamental for ensuring that research contributes positively
to knowledge and society while maintaining the trust and respect of the academic community.

You said:
research misconduct

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Research misconduct refers to unethical behavior in the conduct, reporting, or publication of

research. It undermines the credibility of scientific research and can have serious consequences
for both the individuals involved and the broader academic community. Key types of research
misconduct include:

1. Fabrication: Making up data or results and presenting them as if they were real. This can
mislead other researchers and distort the scientific record.
2. Falsification: Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or
omitting data to make the results appear more significant or valid than they are. This
includes altering data to fit a desired outcome.
3. Plagiarism: Using someone else’s work, ideas, or data without proper attribution. This
includes copying text, figures, or ideas without permission or acknowledgment.
4. Authorship Issues: Improperly attributing authorship, such as including individuals who
did not contribute to the research (guest authorship) or excluding those who did (ghost
authorship).
5. Duplicate Publication: Publishing the same data or results in multiple journals without
proper citation or acknowledgment, which can mislead readers about the novelty and
scope of the research.
6. Improper Use of Human or Animal Subjects: Failing to obtain proper consent, not
following ethical guidelines, or treating subjects unethically. This can harm participants
and compromise the integrity of the research.
7. Conflict of Interest: Failing to disclose financial or personal interests that could
influence research outcomes or interpretations.

Addressing research misconduct involves:

 Promoting Ethical Training: Educating researchers about ethical standards and best practices.
 Implementing Rigorous Peer Review: Ensuring that research is critically evaluated by experts
before publication.
 Encouraging Transparency: Supporting open data practices and reproducibility.
 Enforcing Policies: Having clear policies and procedures for handling allegations of misconduct.
Maintaining high ethical standards in research is essential for advancing knowledge and ensuring
that scientific findings are accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

You said:
how publication ethics and research misconduct affects the teaching and learning process inside the
classroom?

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Publication ethics and research misconduct can have significant implications for teaching and
learning in the classroom. Here’s how they impact the educational environment:

**1. Credibility and Trust in Information

 Impact on Teaching: If research misconduct is widespread, it can erode trust in academic

sources. Educators might struggle to teach students how to critically evaluate research if they
cannot rely on the integrity of published studies.
 Impact on Learning: Students might be exposed to flawed or misleading information, which can
affect their understanding of the subject matter and their ability to apply accurate knowledge.

**2. Quality of Educational Content

 Impact on Teaching: Teachers rely on high-quality, credible research to develop their course
materials and to inform their teaching practices. Misconduct can lead to the inclusion of
erroneous or biased content in educational resources.
 Impact on Learning: Students may learn incorrect concepts or methods if the underlying
research is compromised, potentially affecting their future academic and professional work.

**3. Academic Integrity

 Impact on Teaching: Educators must emphasize the importance of academic integrity and
ethical behavior. If students observe unethical practices in published research or among their
peers, it may undermine the value of teaching academic honesty.
 Impact on Learning: Students may become more prone to engaging in misconduct themselves if
they see it as common or if they perceive that unethical behavior is not adequately addressed.

**4. Skill Development

 Impact on Teaching: Teachers need to instill skills related to critical thinking, ethical research
practices, and the evaluation of sources. If research misconduct is prevalent, it can be
challenging to teach students how to discern quality research from fraudulent work.
 Impact on Learning: Students might develop poor research habits or fail to appreciate the
importance of ethical standards in their own work if they are not exposed to good examples of
research integrity.
**5. Role Modeling

 Impact on Teaching: Educators play a crucial role in modeling ethical behavior. If educators or
their institutions are implicated in misconduct, it can negatively affect how students view and
approach research ethics.
 Impact on Learning: Students often emulate the behaviors and values they observe. If the
academic environment lacks integrity, it can influence students to adopt similar attitudes toward
research and scholarship.

**6. Institutional Reputation

 Impact on Teaching: Institutions known for ethical lapses may struggle with their reputation,
which can affect their ability to attract quality faculty and students. This can impact the overall
quality of education and resources available.
 Impact on Learning: A tarnished institutional reputation can affect students’ confidence in their
educational experience and future prospects, potentially impacting their motivation and
engagement.

**7. Encouraging Best Practices

 Impact on Teaching: Educators can use discussions about research misconduct as teaching tools
to highlight the importance of rigorous methodology, transparency, and ethical practices in
research.
 Impact on Learning: Exposure to discussions about publication ethics can help students
understand the value of integrity in their own research and academic work.

Overall, upholding publication ethics and addressing research misconduct are essential for
fostering a positive and productive learning environment. They help ensure that students are
exposed to accurate, reliable information and are taught the importance of integrity in their
academic and professional pursuits.

You said:
what is salami slicing

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Salami slicing refers to the unethical practice of dividing a single piece of research into multiple
small publications to maximize the number of published papers and citations. This approach can
inflate an author's publication record and impact metrics without contributing substantially new
knowledge. Here’s a closer look at how it manifests and why it’s problematic:
How Salami Slicing Works

1. Fragmentation: A larger research study or dataset is split into several smaller studies or
papers. Each piece is presented as an independent study, even though they are part of a
larger project.
2. Publication Strategy: The smaller parts are submitted to different journals or
conferences, sometimes with slight variations or reanalyses, to generate multiple
publications from one dataset or research project.
3. Impact Metrics: The practice can boost the author's publication count and citation
metrics, potentially improving their academic reputation and career prospects.

Problems with Salami Slicing

1. Redundancy: It can lead to redundancy in the literature, where multiple papers report
similar findings or data, but with only incremental differences. This can clutter the
academic record and make it harder to find meaningful, novel contributions.
2. Misleading Perceptions: It may give a false impression of the extent and significance of
the research. Readers might assume that the findings are from multiple independent
studies when they are actually parts of the same project.
3. Wasted Resources: Salami slicing can lead to inefficient use of resources, as the same
data is re-analyzed or re-presented in different ways rather than being used to generate
new insights.
4. Ethical Concerns: It raises ethical issues about honesty and transparency in research. It
can mislead peers, reviewers, and readers about the originality and scope of the research.
5. Impact on Peer Review: It can create challenges for peer reviewers who might see
multiple submissions from the same project and struggle to evaluate the novelty and
relevance of each piece.

Best Practices to Avoid Salami Slicing

1. Comprehensive Reporting: Present the complete dataset or research findings in a single

publication, when appropriate. If the research can be logically divided, ensure each piece
has a clear, distinct focus and contributes new knowledge.
2. Transparency: Clearly state if parts of the research have been published elsewhere, and
ensure that each publication offers unique insights or data.
3. Ethical Publishing: Follow the ethical guidelines set by journals and institutions
regarding the publication of research and the reporting of results.
4. Effective Communication: Use meta-analyses or comprehensive reviews to synthesize
findings from multiple studies, if relevant, rather than fragmenting research into separate
papers.

Avoiding salami slicing helps maintain the integrity of the research record, promotes
transparency, and ensures that published work contributes meaningfully to the academic
community.