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    Yeni Microsoft Word Belgesi

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    yusuf484830
    rapor

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Yeni Microsoft Word Belgesi

    Uploaded by

    yusuf484830
    1 views5 pages
    rapor

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    rapor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1 views5 pages

    Yeni Microsoft Word Belgesi

    Uploaded by

    yusuf484830
    rapor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Introduction

    The grain size analysis test is performed to determine the percentage of each size of
    grain that is contained within a soil sample, and the results of the test can be used to
    produce the grain size distribution curve. This information is used to classify the soil
    and to predict its behavior. The two methods generally used to find the grain size
    distribution are:
     Sieve analysis which is used for particle sizes larger than 0.075 mm in
    diameter and
     Hydrometer analysis which is used for particle sizes smaller than 0.075 mm in
    diameter

    Sieve analysis is a method that is used to determine the grain size


    distribution of soils that are greater than 0.075 mm in diameter. It is
    usually performed for sand and gravel but cannot be used as the sole
    method for determining the grain size distribution of finer soil. The sieves
    used in this method are made of woven wires with square openings.
    Practical Application
     This test method is used primarily to grade aggregates. The results are used
    to determine the compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable
    specification requirements and to provide necessary data for controlling the
    production of various aggregate products and mixtures containing aggregates.
     The data may also be useful in developing relationships concerning porosity
    and packing. Information obtained from the particle size analysis (uniformity
    coefficient Cu, coefficient of curvature, Cc, and effective size, D10, etc.) is used
    to classify the soil.
     Particle size is one of the criteria used to ascertain whether the soil is suitable
    for building roads, embankments, dams, etc.
     Information obtained from particle size analysis can be used to predict the soil-
    water movement if the permeability test is not available.

    Objective
     To obtain the grain size distribution curve for a given soil sample.

    Equipment
     Stack of sieves with a cover,
     Mortar and pestle or a mechanical soil pulverized
     Balance, sensitive to 0.1 g
     Oven
     Mechanical sieve shaker
     Brush

    Standard Reference
     ASTM D6913: Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation)
    of Soils Using Sieve Analysis.

    Method
    1. Obtain a representative oven-dried soil sample.

    2. Pulverize the soil sample as finely as possible, using a mortar and pestle or
    a mechanical soil pulverizer.
    3. Obtain a soil sample of about 500 g and determine its mass W0 (g).
    4. Stack the sieves so that those with larger openings (lower numbers) are
    placed above those with smaller openings (higher numbers). Place a pan
    under the last sieve (#200) to collect the portion of soil passing through it.
    The #4 and #200 sieves should always be included in the stack.
    5. Make sure the sieves are clean, If soil particles are stuck in the openings,
    use a brush to poke them out.

    6. Weigh the pan and all of the sieves separately.

    7. Pour the soil from above into the stack of sieves and place the cover on it.
    Put the stack in the sieve shaker, affix the clamps, set a timer for 10 to 15
    minutes, and start the shaker.
    8. Stop the sieve shaker and measure the mass of each sieve and retained
    soil.
    He values of D10, D30, and D60, which are the diameters that correspond to the
    percentfiner of 10%, 30%, and 60%, respectively can be determined from the grain-
    size distributioncurve. The values of the uniformity coefficient Cu and the coefficient of
    gradation Cc can be calculated using the following equations:

    The values of Cu and Cc are used to classify whether the soil is well-graded or not.
    Sand isconsidered well-graded, if Cu is greater than 6 and Cc is between 1 and 3. For
    gravel to be considered as well-graded, Cu should be greater than 4 and Cc should be
    between 1 and 3.

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