chem_tech_(1)

Eng-112ENGLISH
Total contact hours

Theory 64 T P C
Practical 0 2 0 2
AIMSAt the end of the course, the students will be equipped with cognitive skill to enable them to
present facts in a systematic and logical manner to meet the language demands of dynamic
field of commerce and industry for functional day-to-day use and will inculcate skills of
reading, writing and comprehension.
COURSE CONTENTS
ENGLISH PAPER "A"
1 PROSE/TEXT 16 hours
1.1First eight essays of Intermediate English Book-II
2 CLOZE TEST 4 hours

2.1A passage comprising 50-100 words will be selected from the text. Every 11th word or any
word for that matter will be omitted. The number of missing word will range
between 5-10. The chosen word may or may not be the one used in the text, but it
should be an appropriate word.
ENGLISH PAPER "B"
3GRAMMAR 26 hours
3.1Sentence Structure.
3.2Tenses.
3.3Parts of speech.
3.4Punctuation.
3.5 Change of Narration.
3.6 One word for several
3.7 Words often confused
4. COMPOSITION 8 hours
4.1 Letters/Messages
4.2Job application letter
4.3For character certificate/for grant of scholarship
4.4Telegrams, Cablegrams and Radiograms, Telexes, Facsimiles
4.5Essay writing
4.6Technical Education, Science and Our life, Computers, Environmental
10
Pollution, Duties of a Student.
4 hours
5. TRANSLATION 6 hours
5.1 Translation from Urdu into English.
For Foreign Students: A paragraph or a dialogue.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1.Intermediate English Book-II.
2.An English Grammar and Composition of Intermediate Level.
3.A Hand Book of English Students By Gatherer.
11
Eng-112ENGLISH
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
PAPER-A
1. DEMONSTRATE BETTER READING, COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY

1.1 Manipulate, skimming and scanning of the text.
1.2 Identify new ideas.
1.3 Reproduce facts, characters in own words
1.4Write summary of stories
2. UNDERSTAND FACTS OF THE TEXT

2.1 Rewrite words to fill in the blanks recalling the text.
2.2 Use own words to fill in the blanks.
PAPER-B
3. APPLY THE RULES OF GRAMMAR IN WRITING AND SPEAKING

3.1Use rules of grammar to construct meaningful sentences containing a subject and a
predicate.
3.2State classification of time, i.e present, past and future and use verb tense correctly in
different forms to denote relevant time.
3.3 Identify function words and content words.
3.4 Use marks of punctuation to make sense clear.
3.5 Relate what a person says in direct and indirect forms.
3.6Compose his writings.
3.7 Distinguish between confusing words.
4.APPLY THE CONCEPTS OF COMPOSITION WRITING TO PRACTICAL

SITUATIONS
4.1Use concept to construct applications for employment, for character certificate, for grant
of scholarship.
4.2Define and write telegrams, cablegrams and radiograms, telexes, facsimiles
4.3 Describe steps of a good composition writing.
4.4 Describe features of a good composition.
4.5 Describe methods of composition writing
4.6Use these concepts to organize facts and describe them systematically in practical
situation.
5. APPLIES RULES OF TRANSLATION

5.1 Describe confusion.
12
5.2 Describe rules of translation.
5.3Use rules of translation from Urdu to English in simple paragraph and sentences.
13
Math-113 APPLIED MATHEMATICS-I
T P C
3 0 3
Total Contact Hours
Theory 96 Hours.
Pre-requisite:Must have completed a course of Elective Mathematics at Matric level.
AIMS: After completing the course the students will be able to

1.Solve problems of Algebra, Trigonometry, vectors, Mensuration, Matrices and
Determinants.
2.Develop skill, mathematical attitudes and logical perception in the use of
mathematical instruments as required in the technological fields.
3.Acquire mathematical clarity and insight in the solution of technical problems.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 6 Hours

1.1 Standard Form
1.2 Solution
1.3 Nature of roots
1.4 Sum & Product of roots
1.5 Formation
1.6 Problems
2. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES. 3 Hours

2.1 Sequence
2.2 Series
2.3 nth term
2.4 Sum of the first n terms
2.5 Means
2.6 Problems
3. GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES. 3 Hours

3.1 nth term
3.2 Sum of the first n terms
3.3 Means
3.4 Infinite Geometric progression
3.5 Problems
4. BINOMIAL THEOREM 6 Hours
14
4.1 Factorials
4.2 Binomial Expression
4.3 Binomial Co-efficient
4.4 Statement
4.5 The General Term
4.6 The Binomial Series
4.7 Problems.
5. PARTIAL FRACTIONS 6 Hours

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Linear Distinct Factors Case I
5.3 Linear Repeated Factors Case II
5.4 Quadratic Distinct Factors Case III
5.5 Quadratic Repeated Factors Case IV
5.6 Problems
6. FUNDAMENTALS OF TRIGONOMETRY 6 Hours

6.1 Angles
6.2 Quadrants
6.3 Measurements of Angles
6.4 Relation between Sexagesimal & circular system
6.5Relation between Length of a Circular Arc & the Radian Measure of its central Angle
6.6 Problems
7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND RATIOS 6 Hours

7.1 Trigonometric functions of any angle
7.2 Signs of trigonometric Functions
7.3 Trigonometric Ratios of particular Angles
7.4 Fundamental Identities
7.5 Problems
8. GENERAL IDENTITIES 6 Hours

8.1 The Fundamental Law
8.2 Deductions
8.3 Sum & Difference Formulae
8.4 Double Angle Identities
8.5 Half Angle Identities
8.6 Conversion of sum or difference to products
8.7 Problems
9. SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES 6 Hours

9.1 The law of Sines
15
9.2 The law of Cosines
9.3 Measurement of Heights & Distances
9.4 Problems
10. MENSURATION OF SOLIDS 30 Hours

10.1 Review of regular plane figures and Simpson's Rule
10.2Prisms
10.3 Cylinders
10.4 Pyramids
10.5 Cones
10.6 Frusta
10.7 Spheres
11. VECTORS 9 Hours

11.1 Scalers & Vectors
11.2 Addition & Subtraction
11.3 The unit Vectors i, j, k
11.4 Direction Cosines
11.5 Scaler or Dot Product
11.6 Deductions
11.7 Dot product in terms of orthogonal components
11.8 Vector or cross Product
11.9 Deductions
11.10 Analytic Expression for a x b.
11.11 Problems
12. MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 9 Hours

12.1 Definition of Matrix
12.2 Rows & Columns
12.3 Order of a Matrix
12.4 Algebra of Matrices
12.5 Determinants
12.6 Properties of Determinants
12.7 Solution of Linear Equations
12.8 Problems
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Ghulam Yasin Minhas - Technical Mathematics Vol-I, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore.
2.Prof. Riaz Ali Khan - Polytechnic Mathematic Series Vol I & II, Majeed Sons, Faisalabad
3.Prof. Sana Ullah Bhatti - A Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry, Punjab Text Book Board,
Lahore.
16
Math-113 APPLIED MATHEMATICS-I
1.USE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS.

1.1 Define a standard quadratic equation.
1.2Use methods of factorization and method of completing the square for solving the
equations.
1.3 Derive quadratic formula.
1.4 Write expression for the discriminant.
1.5 Explain nature of the roots of a quadratic equation.
1.6 Calculate sum and product of the roots.
1.7 Form a quadratic equation from the given roots.
1.8 Solve problems involving quadratic equations.
2.UNDERSTAND APPLY CONCEPT OF ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES.

2.1 Define an Arithmetic sequence and a series.
2.2 Derive formula for the nth term of an A.P.
2.3 Explain Arithmetic Mean between two given numbers.
2.4 Insert n Arithmetic means between two numbers.
2.5 Derive formulas for summation of an Arithmetic series.
2.6 Solve problems on Arrthimetic Progression and Series..
3. UNDERSTAND GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES.

3.1 Define a geometric sequence and a series.
3.2 Derive formula for nth term of a G.P.
3.3 Explain geometric mean between two numbers.
3.4 Insert n geometric means between two numbers.
3.5 Derive a formula for the summation of geometric Series.
3.6 Deduce a formula for the summation of an infinite G.P.
3.7 Solve problems using these formulas.
4. EXPAND AND EXTRACT ROOTS OF A BINOMIAL.

4.1 State binomial theorem for positive integral index.
4.2 Explain binomial coefficients: (n,0), (n,1).....,(n,r)......, (n,n)
4.3 Derive expression for the general term.
4.4 Calculate the specified terms.
4.5 Expand a binomial of a given index.
4.6 Extract the specified roots.
4.7 Compute the approximate value to a given decimal place.
4.8 Solve problems involving binomials.
17
5.RESOLVE A SINGLE FRACTION INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS USING DIFFERENT
METHODS.
5.1 Define a partial fraction, a proper and an improper fraction.
5.2 Explain all the four types of partial fractions.
5.3 Set up equivalent partial fractions for each type.
5.4 Explain the methods for finding constants involved.
5.5 Resolve a single fraction into partial fractions.
5.6 Solve problems involving all the four types.
6. UNDERSTAND SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES.

6.1 Define angles and the related terms.
6.2 Illustrate the generation of an angle.
6.3 Explain sexagesimal and circular systems for the measurement of angles.
6.4 Derive the relationship between radian and degree.
6.5 Convert radians to degrees and vice versa.
6.6 Derive a formula for the circular measure of a central angle.
6.7 Use this formula for solving problems.
7.APPLY BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS.

7.1Define the basic trigonometric functions/ratios of an angle as ratios of the sides of a right
triangle.
7.2 Derive fundamental identities.
7.3 Find trigonometric ratios of particular angles.
7.4 Draw the graph of trigonometric functions.
7.5 Solve problems involving trigonometric functions.
8.USE TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES IN SOLVING TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.

8.1 List fundamental identities.
8.2 Prove the fundamental law.
8.3 Deduce important results.
8.4 Derive sum and difference formulas.
8.5 Establish half angle,double angle & triple angle formulas.
8.6 Convert sum or difference into product & vice versa.
8.7 Solve problems.
9.USE CONCEPTS, PROPERTIES AND LAWS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

FOR SOLVING TRIANGLES.
9.1 Define angle of elevation and angle of depression.
9.2 Prove the law of sines and the law of cosines.
9.3 Explain elements of a triangle.
18
9.4 Solve triangles and the problems involving heights and distances.
10.USE PRINCIPLES OF MENSURATION IN FINDING SURFACES, VOLUMES AND

WEIGHTS OF SOLIDS.
10.1 Define mensuration of plane and solid figures.
10.2 List formulas for perimeters & areas of plane figure.
10.3 Define pyramid and cone.
10.4 Define frusta of pyramid and cone.
10.5 Define a sphere and a shell.
10.6 Calculate the total surface and volume of each type of solid.
10.7 Compute weight of solids.
10.8 Solve problems of these solids.
11.USE THE CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF VECTORS IN SOLVING

TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.
11.1 Define vector quantity.
11.2 Explain addition and subtraction of vector.
11.3 Illustrate unit vectors i, j, k.
11.4 Express a vector in the component form.
11.5 Explain magnitude, unit vector, direction cosines of a vector.
11.6 Derive analytic expression for dot product and cross product of two vector.
11.7 Deduce conditions of perpendicularity and parallelism of two vectors.
11.8Solve problems
12.USE THE CONCEPT OF MATRICES & DETERMINANTS IN SOLVING

12.1 Define a matrix and a determinant.
12.2 List types of matrices.
12.3 Define transpose, adjoint and inverse of a matrix.
12.4 State properties of determinants.
12.5 Explain basic concepts.
12.6 Explain algebra of matrices.
12.7 Solve linear equation by matrices.
12.8 Explain the solution of a determinant.
12.9 Use Crammers Rule for solving linear equations.
19
Phy-113APPLIED PHYSICS
Total Contact Hours

Theory 64 T P C
Practicals 96 2 3 3
AIMS:The students will be able to understand the fundamental principles and concept of physics,
use these to solve problems in practical situations/technological courses and
understand concepts to learn advance physics/technical courses.
COURSE CONTENTS
1MEASUREMENTS. 2 Hours.
1.1Fundamental units and derived units
1.2Systems of measurement and S.I. units
1.3Concept of dimensions, dimensional formula
1.4Conversion from one system to another
1.5Significant figures
2SCALARS AND VECTORS. 4 Hours.

2.1Revision of head to tail rule
2.2Laws of parallelogram, triangle and polygon of forces
2.3Resolution of a vector
2.4Addition of vectors by rectangular components
2.5Multiplication of two vectors, dot product and cross product
3MOTION 4 Hours.
3.1Review of laws and equations of motion
3.2Law of conservation of momentum
3.3Angular motion
3.4Relation between linear and angular motion
3.5Centripetal acceleration and force
3.6Equations of angular motion
4TORQUE, EQUILIBRIUM AND ROTATIONAL INERTIA. 4 Hours.

4.1Torque
4.2Centre of gravity and centre of mass
4.3Equilibrium and its conditions
4.4Torque and angular acceleration
4.5Rotational inertia
5WAVE MOTION. 5 Hours
20
5.1Review Hooke's law of elasticity
5.2Motion under an elastic restoring force
5.3Characteristics of simple harmonic motion
5.4S.H.M. and circular motion
5.5Simple pendulum
5.6Wave form of S.H.M.
5.7Resonance
5.8Transverse vibration of a stretched string
6SOUND. 5 Hrs
6.1Longitudinal waves
6.2Intensity, loudness, pitch and quality of sound
6.3Units of Intensity of level and frequency response of ear
6.4Interference of sound waves silence zones, beats
6.5Acoustics
6.6Doppler effect.
7LIGHT. 5 Hours
7.1Review laws of reflection and refraction
7.2Image formation by mirrors and lenses
7.3Optical instruments
7.4Wave theory of light
7.5Interference, diffraction, polarization of light waves
7.6Applications of polarization in sunglasses, optical activity and stress analysis
8OPTICAL FIBER. 2 Hours

8.1Optical communication and problems
8.2Review total internal reflection and critical angle
8.3Structure of optical fiber
8.4Fiber material and manufacture
8.5Optical fiber - uses.
9LASERS. 3 Hours
9.1Corpuscular theory of light
9.2Emission and absorption of light
9.3Stimulated absorption and emission of light
9.4Laser principle
9.5Structure and working of lasers
9.6Types of lasers with brief description.
9.7Applications (basic concepts)
9.8Material processing
9.9Laser welding
21
9.10Laser assisted machining
9.11Micro machining
9.12Drilling, scribing and marking
9.13Printing
9.14Lasers in medicine
10HEAT. 4 hrs.
10.1Review of calorimetry and gas laws
10.2Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
10.3Heat of fusion, vaporization
10.4Humidity, absolute and relative
10.5Law of cooling
10.6Thermoelectricity
10.7Thermocouple.
11THERMODYNAMICS. 4 Hours
11.1Heat energy and internal energy
11.2First law of thermodynamics
11.3Isometric and adiabatic processes
11.4Efficiency of heat engine
11.5Second law of thermodynamics (both statements)
11.6Heat engine and refrigerator.
12TRANSFER OF HEAT. 5 Hours

12.1Review: modes of transfer of heat
12.2Emission and absorption of heat
12.3Black Body Radiation
12.4Laws of Energy Distribution
12.5Planck's Quantum Theory
12.6The Photoelectric effect.
12.7X-rays, production, properties and uses.
13ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. 3 Hours

13.1Magnetic field around a current carrying conductor
13.2Electric field induced around a changing magnetic flux
13.3Moving fields
13.4Types of electromagnetic waves
13.5Generation of Radio Waves
13.6Spectrum of electromagnetic waves.
14ATOMIC NUCLEUS. 5 Hours

14.1Structure of the nucleus
22
14.2Radioactivity
14.3Radioactive series
14.4Transmutation of elements
14.5The fission reaction
14.6The fusion reaction
14.7The nuclear reactor.
15NUCLEAR RADIATIONS. 5 Hours

15.1Properties and interaction with matter
15.2Radiation detectors
15.3Radiation damage and its effects
15.4Radiation therapy
15.5Radioactive tracers
15.6Application of radiation techniques in archeology, agriculture, chemical
industry, polymerization, sterilization, food preservation, gauging
and control, radiography.
16ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES. 2 Hours

16.1Review law of gravitation
16.2Escape velocity
16.3Orbital velocity
16.4Geosynchronous and geostationary satellites
16.5Use of satellites in data communication.
17MAGNETIC MATERIALS. 2 Hours

17.1Magnetism
17.2Domains theory
17.3Para, dia and ferromagnetism and magnetic materials
17.4B.H. curve and hysterisis loop.
18SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIALS. 2 Hours

18.1Crystalline structure of solids
18.2Conductors, semiconductors, insulators
18.3P-type and N-type materials
18.4P-N junction
18.5P-N junction as a diode
18.6Photovoltaic cell (solar cell)
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1Tahir Hussain, Fundamentals of Physics Vol-I and II
2Farid Khawaja, Fundamentals of Physics Vol-I and II
3Wells and Slusher, Schaum's Series Physics .
23
4Nelkon and Oyborn, Advanced Level Practical Physics
5Mehboob Ilahi Malik and Inam-ul-Haq, Practical Physics
6Wilson, Lasers - Principles and Applications
7M. Aslam Khan and M. Akram Sandhu, Experimental Physics Note Book
24
Phy-113APPLIED PHYSICS
1 USE CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT TO PRACTICAL SITUATIONS AND

1.1Write dimensional formulae for physical quantities
1.2Derive units using dimensional equations
1.3Convert a measurement from one system to another
1.4Use concepts of measurement and Significant figures in problem solving.
2 USE CONCEPTS OF SCALARS AND VECTORS IN SOLVING PROBLEMS

INVOLVING THESE CONCEPTS.
2.1Explain laws of parallelogram, triangle and polygon of forces
2.2Describe method of resolution of a vector into components
2.3Describe method of addition of vectors by rectangular components
2.4Differentiate between dot product and cross product of vectors
2.5Use the concepts in solving problems involving addition resolution and multiplication of
vectors.
3 USE THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM AND CONCEPTS OF

ANGULAR MOTION TO PRACTICAL SITUATIONS.
3.1Use law of conservation of momentum to practical/technological problems.
3.2Explain relation between linear and angular motion
3.3Use concepts and equations of angular motion to solve relevant technological problems.
4USE CONCEPTS OF TORQUE, EQUILIBRIUM AND ROTATIONAL INERTIA TO

PRACTICAL SITUATION/PROBLEMS.
4.1Explain Torque
4.2Distinguish between Centre of gravity and centre of mass
4.3Explain rotational Equilibrium and its conditions
4.4Explain Rotational Inertia giving examples
4.5Use the above concepts in solving technological problems.
5USE CONCEPTS OF WAVE MOTION IN SOLVING RELEVANT PROBLEMS.

5.1Explain Hooke's Law of Elasticity
5.2Derive formula for Motion under an elastic restoring force
5.3Derive formulae for simple harmonic motion and simple pendulum
5.4Explain wave form with reference to S.H.M. and circular motion
5.5Explain Resonance
5.6Explain Transverse vibration of a stretched string
25
5.7Use the above concepts and formulae of S.H.M. to solve relevant problems.
6UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS OF SOUND.

6.1Describe longitudinal wave and its propagation
6.2Explain the concepts: Intensity, loudness, pitch and quality of sound
6.3Explain units of Intensity of level and frequency response of ear
6.4Explain phenomena of silence zones, beats
6.5Explain Acoustics of buildings
6.6Explain Doppler effect giving mathematical expressions.
7USE THE CONCEPTS OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS TO MIRRORS and LENSES.

7.1Explain laws of reflection and refraction
7.2Use mirror formula to solve problems
7.3Use the concepts of image formation by mirrors and lenses to describe working of optical
instruments, e.g. microscopes, telescopes, camera and sextant.
8UNDERSTAND WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT

8.1Explain wave theory of light
8.2Explain phenomena of interference, diffraction, polarization of light waves
8.3Describe uses of polarization given in the course contents.
9UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE, WORKING AND USES OF OPTICAL FIBER.

9.1Explain the structure of the Optical Fiber
9.2Explain its principle of working
9.3Describe use of optical fiber in industry and medicine.
10UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE, WORKING AND USES OF LASERS.

10.1Explain the stimulated emission of radiation
10.2Explain the laser principle
10.3Describe the structure and working of lasers
10.4Distinguish between types of lasers
10.5Describe the applications of lasers in the fields mentioned in the course contents.
11UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS OF HEAT.

11.1Explain calorimetry
11.2Explain Gas laws giving mathematical expressions
11.3Explain Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
11.4Distinguish between heat of fusion, vaporization
11.5Distinguish between absolute and relative Humidity
11.6Describe Laws of cooling
11.7Explain basic concepts of Thermoelectricity
11.8Describe Thermocouple, giving its principle, structure and working.
26
12UNDERSTAND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS.
12.1Distinguish between heat energy and internal energy
12.2Explain first law of thermodynamics giving its applications
12.3Distinguish between isometric and adiabatic processes
12.4Explain second law of thermodynamics describing alternate statements
12.5Distinguish between work of heat engine and refrigerator.
13 UNDERSTAND LAWS OF ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND EMISSION OF

RADIATION.
13.1Explain modes of transfer of heat
13.2Explain Black Body Radiation and Laws of Energy Distribution
13.3Describe Planck's Quantum Theory
13.4Explain photoelectric effect
13.5Explain production, properties and uses of X-rays.
14 UNDERSTAND NATURE, TYPES, GENERATION AND SPECTRUM OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
14.1Explain magnetic field due to current and electric field due to changing magnetic flux
14.2Explain moving fields
14.3Describe types of electromagnetic waves
14.4Explain generation of Radio Waves
14.5Explain spectrum of electromagnetic waves.
15UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS AND RELEVANT

ACTIVITIES.
15.1Describe the structure of the Nucleus
15.2Explain Radioactivity and Radioactive series
15.3Explain transmutation of elements
15.4Distinguish between fission reaction and fusion reaction
15.5Explain the structure and working of the nuclear reactor.
16UNDERSTAND NUCLEAR RADIATIONS THEIR EFFECTS AND USES.

16.1Describe properties of nuclear radiations and their interaction with matter
16.2Explain working of radiation detectors
16.3Explain damaging effects of nuclear radiations
16.4Explain radiation therapy
16.5Describe radioactive tracers
16.6Describe applications of radiation techniques in course contents.
17UNDERSTAND TYPES AND USES OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES.
27
17.1Explain escape velocity
17.2Explain orbital velocity
17.3Distinguish between geosynchronous and geostationary satellites
17.4Describe uses of artificial satellites in data communication.
18 UNDERSTAND BASIC CONCEPTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC

MATERIALS.
18.1Explain domains theory of magnetism
18.2Distinguish between para, dia and ferromagnetism and magnetic materials
18.3Distinguish between B and H
18.4Describe B.H. Curve
18.5Describe hysterisis loop.
19 UNDERSTAND BASIC CONCEPTS OF SEMI-CONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND

THEIR USES.
19.1Explain crystalline structure of solids
19.2Distinguish between conductors, semiconductors and insulators
19.3Describe semiconductors giving examples with reference to their structure
19.4Distinguish between P-type and N-type materials
19.5Explain working of P-N junction as a diode
19.6Explain working of solar cell.
28
Phy-113 APPLIED PHYSICS
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
1Draw graphs representing the functions:

a)y=mx for m=0, 0.5, 1, 2
b) y=x2
c) y=1/x
2Find the volume of a given solid cylinder using vernier callipers.
3Find the area of cross-section of the given wire using micrometer screw gauge.
4Prove that force is directly proportional to (a) mass, (b) acceleration, using fletchers' trolley.
5Verify law of parallelogram of forces using Grave-sands apparatus.
6Verify law of triangle of forces and Lami's theorem
7Determine the weight of a given body using
a) Law of parallelogram of forces
b)Law of triangle of forces
c)Lami's theorem
8Verify law of polygon of forces using Grave-sands apparatus.
9Locate the position and magnitude of resultant of like parallel forces.
10Determine the resultant of two unlike parallel forces.
11Find the weight of a given body using principle of moments.
12Locate the centre of gravity of regular and irregular shaped bodies.
13Find Young's Modules of Elasticity of a metallic wire.
14Verify Hooke's Law using helical spring.
15Study of frequency of stretched string with length.
16Study of variation of frequency of stretched string with tension.
17Study resonance of air column in resonance tube and find velocity of sound.
18Find the frequency of the given tuning fork using resonance tube.
19Find velocity of sound in rod by Kundt's tube.
20Verify rectilinear propagation of light and study shadow formation.
21Study effect of rotation of plane mirror on reflection.
22Compare the refractive indices of given glass slabs.
23Find focal length of concave mirror by locating centre of curvature.
24Find focal length of concave mirror by object and image method
25Find focal length of concave mirror with converging lens.
26Find refractive index of glass by apparent depth.
27Find refractive index of glass by spectrometer.
28Find focal length of converging lens by plane mirror.
29Find focal length of converging lens by displacement method.
30Find focal length of diverging lense using converging lens.
31Find focal length of diverging lens using concave mirror.
32Find angular magnification of an astronomical telescope.
29
33Find angular magnification of a simple microscope (magnifying glass)
34Find angular magnification of a compound microscope.
35Study working and structure of camera.
36Study working and structure of sextant.
37Compare the different scales of temperature and verify the conversion formula.
38Determine the specific heat of lead shots.
39Find the coefficient of linear expansion of a metallic rod.
40Find the heat of fusion of ice.
41Find the heat of vaporization.
42Determine relative humidity using hygrometer.
30
Comp-122COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Total contact hours

Theory 32 Hours T P C
Practicals 96 Hours 1 3 2
Pre-requisite None
AIMS This subject will enable the student to be familiar with the operation of a Micro-computer.
He will also learn DOS, BASIC language and word processing to elementary level.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP) 6 Hours

1.1 Basics of computers
1.2 Classification of computers
1.3 Block diagram of a computer system
1.4 Binary number system
1.5 BIT, BYTE, RAM, ROM, EROM, EPROM
1.6 Input and output devices
1.7 Secondary storage media details
1.8 Processors and types
1.9 Using computer for system software
1.10 Using computers for application software.
1.11 Common types of software and their application.
2. DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS) 6 Hours

2.1 Internal commands
2.2 External commands
2.3 Batch files
2.4 Advance features.
3. BASIC LANGUAGE 10 Hours

3.1 Introduction to high level languages
3.2 Introduction to BASIC
3.3 REM Statement
3.4 Assignment statement
3.5 Input statement
3.6 Read-Data statement
3.7 IF-THEN statement
3.8 IF-THEN Else statement
3.9 FOR-NEXT statement
3.10 DIM statement
31
3.11 L PRINT statement
3.12 STOP statement
3.13 END statement
3.14 Logic of a BASIC Programme
3.15 Running a BASIC Programme
3.16 Saving and Retrieving a Programme
3.17 Advance features
4. WORD PROCESSING 7 Hours

4.1 Starting word processor session
4.2 Opening a document
4.3 Saving a document
4.4 Ending word processor session (Temporarily)
4.5 Retrieving a document
4.6 Spell check
4.7 Margins and tab setting
4.8 Aligning Paragraph
4.9 Printing a document
4.10 Advance features
5.COMPUTER GRAPHIC IN BASIC 3 hours

5.1Graphic fundamentals
5.2Points and lines
5.3Dots in space
5.4A lightening blot
5.5Shapes
5.6Expanding circles and rectangles
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Ron S. Gottfrid, Programming with BASIC,
2. Any Word Processor Latest Release (e.g., Word, Word-Perfect etc).
3. ABC'S of DOS (latest release).
4.Judd Robbins, Mastering DOS 6.0 and 6.2
32
1. UNDERSTAND ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP).

1.1Describe basics of computers.
1.2Enlist different classification of computers.
1.3Explain block diagram of a computer system.
1.4 Describe binary number system.
1.5State the terms used in computers such as BIT, BYTE, RAM, ROM, EROM, EPROM.
1.6 Identify input and output devices.
1.7 Describe secondary storage media.
1.8 Explain processor.
1.9Name different types of processors.
1.10 Explain the use of computer for system software.
1.11 Explain the use of computer for application software.
1.12 Enlist common types of software and their application.
1.13Explain various application of above softwares mentioned in 1.12
2. UNDERSTAND DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS).

2.1 Explain the use of various internal command of DOS.
2.2 Explain the use of various external command of DOS.
2.3 Describe batch files.
2.4Identify advanced features
3. UNDERSTAND BASIC LANGUAGE.

3.1 Explain high level languages.
3.2 Explain Basic language.
3.3 Describe Rem statement
3.4Describe assignment statement
3.5 Explain Input statement
3.6 Explain Read-Data statement
3.7 Explain If-Then Statement
3.8 Explain If-then-Else Statement
3.9 Explain For-Next Statement
3.10 Explain DIM Statement
3.11 Explain LPRINT statement
3.12 Explain stop statement
3.13 Explain end Statement
3.14 Describe Logic of Basic program
3.15 Describe running a Basic Program
3.16 Describe saving & retrieving Basic Program
33
3.17 Describe some Advance features of Basic program
4. UNDERSTAND WORD PROCESSING SESSION

4.1. Describe word-processing
4.2 Name command to be entered on Dos-prompt to load word-processor
4.3 Identify initial screen
4.4 Describe the command to open a document
4.5 Describe the procedure for naming the document
4.6 Explain importance of giving extension to a document
4.7 Describe saving and retrieving a document
4.8 Explain importance of saving the work at regular intervals
4.9 State temporarily Ending word-processing session & document retrieval
4.10 State procedure to re-enter word processor
4.11 State procedure to re-open the document and editing
4.12 Describe spell-check facility
4.13 Describe Margins & Tab Setting
4.14 Describe to align paragraph
4.15 Describe Re-editing techniques
4.16 Describe procedure to set-up printer
4.17 Describe command for printouts
4.18 Explain multiple-copy printout procedure
4.19 Explain some advance features
4.20 Describe procedure of condensed printing
4.21 Describe procedure for change of fonts
5.UNDERSTAND PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPUTER GRAPHIC IN

BASIC LANGUAGE
5.1Identify graphic fundamentals in basic language
5.2Explain to draw points and lines
5.3Explain to draw dot in space
5.4Explain to draw lighting blot
5.5Explain to draw shapes
5.6Explain to draw expanding circles and rectangles
34
LIST OF PRACTICALS 96 hours
DOS
1Identify key board, mouse, CPU, disk drives, disks, monitor & printer
2Practice for booting up of a computer system with DOS system disk and power off system at DOS
prompt
3 Practice for CLS, VER, VOL, DATE & TIME commands
4 Practice for COPY, REN commands
5Practice for DEL, TYPE, PATH, PROMPT, COPY CON, MD, CD, RD commands
6 Practice of the practicals at S. No. 3, 4, 5
7 Practice for FORMAT command with /s, /4, /u switches
8 Practice for DISKCOPY, DISKCOMP commands
9 Practice for SCANDISK, XCOPY, DELTREE, TREE, LABEL commands
10 Practice for PRINT, UNDELETE commands
11 Practice for the practicals at S. No. 8, 9, 10, 11
12 Practice for creating a batch file
BASIC
1Practice for loading & unloading BASIC software and identify role of function keys in Basic
2Identify role of various keys in continuation with ALT key in BASIC programming
3Practice for CLS, LOAD, SAVE, FILE, RENUM command by loading any existing BASIC
Program
4 Practice for editing any existing BASIC Program
5Prepare BASIC Program to display sum of two numbers using INPUTS
6Prepare BASIC Program to display sum of two numbers using READ-DATA
7 Prepare BASIC Program to multiply two numbers
8Prepare BASIC Program to calculate Area of Rectangle, when length and width are given
9Prepare BASIC Program to calculate area of a circle when radius/diameter is given
10Prepare very simple BASIC Programs using IF-THEN-ELSE and FOR-NEXT statement
11 Identify DIM statement
12Practice for LPRINT statement for various Programs hard-copy output
35
WORD PROCESSING
1 Practice for loading & unloading a word processor
2 Practice for creating document & saving it
3 Practice for spell-check facility of the word-processor
4 Practice for editing an existing document
5 Practice for various word-processing Menu Options
6 Practice for printing a document
7 Practice for margin and TAB setting and document alignment
8 Practice for some advance features
36
CHT-153 BASIC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
T P C
2 3 3
TOPICS.
1 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

1.1 Primary and Secondary quantities
1.2 Dimensions of Secondary quantities
1.3 System of Measurement
1.4 Units and their conversion
Conversion of units of following quantities into English/Metric system.
Pressure
Viscosity
Density
Force
Energy
Work
Gas constant
1.5 Dimensional and Dimension less formula.
2 GRAPH, TYPES OF GRAPH.

2.1 Drawing simple graph.
3 PRODUCTION OF LOW TEMPERATURE BY REFRIGERATION

3.1 Definition, methods of refrigeration
3.2 Refrigerant and their properties
3.3 Application of Refrigeration
3.4 Schematic diagram of Refrigeration
3.5 Working Principle of refrigerator
4 PIPE AND TUBES

4.1 Type of pipes
4.2Cast iron pipe, wrought iron pipe, steel pipe Aluminium pipes, plastic pipe, Rubber pipes.
4.3 Pipe standards.
4.4 Pipe fitting
4.5 Types of valves
4.6Construction, working and application of gate valve, globe valve ball valve, plug cock.
5 STEAM TRAP AND THEIR TYPES
Bucket trap, expansion trap, inverted bucket trap,
Impulse trap.
6 THERMAL INSULATION,
6.1 Insulating material, properties and uses.
6.2 Insulation technique for steam pipes and vessels.
6.3 Insulation technique for low temperature pipes
7 SYMBOLS
7.1 Symbols for fitting
7.2 Symbols for equipments
37
8 PETROLEUM TESTS
8.1Flash point, Aniline point pour point, cloud point, Diesel index, sedimentation Number
8.2 Octane number, Cetane number
9 INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOCOPYING
REFERENCE BOOKS
Manual for basic chemical Engineering

Introduction to chemical Engineering by Walter L Bedger and
Julims T Bencharo
Introduction to chemical Engineering by Little John
38
CHT-153 BASIC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
1. UNITS AND DIMENSION

1.1. The students will know the primary and secondary
quantities.
1.1.1 Define primary quantity and secondary quantity.
1.1.2Give examples of primary quantities and secondary
quantities.
1.2 Understand Dimensions of secondary Quantities.
1.2.1Explain the secondary quantities in terms of primary
quantities.
1.2.2 Write the dimension of secondary quantities.
1.3 Understand the Systems of Measurement.
1.3.1 Name different systems of measurement.
1.3.2 Name basic quantities of each system.
1.3.3 Develop dimensions of derived quantities in each
system.
1.4 Understand units and their conversions.
1.4.1Develop units to measure the derive quantities in different
systems.
1.4.2 Define different units used.
1.4.3 Convert the units of one system into the other
system.
1.5 Understand Dimensional and Dimensionless Formula.
1.5.1Differentiate between dimensional formula and dimensionless
formula.
1.5.2 Check the dimension of an engineering formula. Like Reynold
Number Potential Energy. Kinetic energy.
2. GRAPH
2.1 Understand the concept of graph.
2.1.1 Define graph.
2.1.2 Explain the types of graph.
2.1.3 Give comparison between tabular and graphic representation of
data.
2.2 Understand the method of Drawing Simple Graph.
2.2.1 Explain the steps necessary to draw a graph.
2.2.2 Draw a simple graph.
2.2.3 Note the end point from a graph.
2.2.4 Take reading from a graph.
2.2.5 Make extrapolation and interpolation on a graph.
3. PRODUCTION OF LOW TEMPERATURE BY REFRIGERATION.

3.1 Know the Methods of refrigeration.
3.1.1 Define the refrigeration.
3.1.2 Name different methods of refrigeration based on the
refrigeration used.
3.1.3 Compare different methods of REFRIGERATION.
39
3.2 Understand Refrigeration and their properties.
3.2.1 Define the refrigerant.
3.2.2 Name different refrigerants used in the field.
3.2.3 Enlist the properties of a good refrigerant.
3.3 Understand application of refrigeration
3.3.1 Give domestic application of refrigeration.
3.3.2 Give industrial application of refrigeration.
3.4 Understand Schematic diagram of refrigeration.
3.4.1 Draw a schematic diagram of refrigeration.
3.4.2 Explain the function of each component in the
diagram.
3.5 Understand working principle of refrigeration.
3.5.1 Explain working principle of single fluid
refrigerator.
3.5.2 Explain working principle of two fluid
refrigeration.
4. PIPES AND TUBES
4.1 Know the types of pipes.
4.1.1 Enlist the types of pipes used by chemical
industries.
4.1.2 Give the field of applications of different types of pipes used
4.1.3 Give characteristics of different types of pipes used by
chemical engineer.
4.2 Apply the pipe standards.
4.2.1 Understand the concept of schedule Nos used for
pipe.
4.2.2 Select the schedule No according to the pipe duty (Pressure).
4.3 Understand pipe fittings.
4.3.1 Define pipe fittings.
4.3.2 Enlist the different pipe fitting used.
4.3.3 Explain the functions of different pipe fittings used in
chemical industries.
4.4 Know the types of valves.
4.4.1 Define valve.
4.4.2 Enlist the types of a valves.
4.5 Understand construction and working of valves
4.5.1 Explain the construction and working of gate value
4.5.2 Explain the construction and working of globe
value.
4.5.3 Explain the construction and working of ball value
4.5.4 Select a proper valve according to need
5. STEAM TRAP
5.1 Know the steam trap
5.1.1 Explain the function of steam trap
5.1.2 Enlist the types of steam traps
5.2 Understand different types of Traps

5.2.1 Explain the construction and working of bucket trap
40
5.2.2 Explain the construction and working of inverted Bucket trap
5.2.3Explain the construction and working of expansion 0e trap
5.2.4Explain the construction and working of impulse trap
6. THERMAL INSULATION
6.1 Understand insulating materials, properties and uses
6.1.1 Define thermal insulation
6.1.2 Explain the need of thermal insulation
6.1.3 Enlist the insulating materials used in chemical
industry
6.1.4 Enlist the properties of a good insulating
material
6.2 Apply the insulation technique for steam pipes and valves
6.2.1 Explain the method of steam pipe insulation
(lagging)
6.2.2 Calculate the thickness of insulation layer on steam pipe by
using the formula(q=KADT)
6.3 Understand insulation technique for low temperature pipes
6.3.1 Decide the nature of insulation material for low temperature
pipes
6.3.2 Explain the method of pipe insulation
7. SYMBOLS
7.1 Understand symbols of fittings
7.1.1 Read symbols of fittings
7.1.2 Draw symbols to represent different fittings
7.2 Understand symbols for equipments

7.2.1 read symbols of equipments
7.2.2 Draw symbols to represent different equipments and versels of
chemical engineering
8. PETROLEUM TEST
8.1 Understand different tests of petroleum
8.1.1 Understand the importance of petroleum testing
8.1.2 Define flash point, Analine point pour point and cloud point
8.1.3 Explain procedure to perform above tests for petroleum sample
8.1.4 Define diesel index
8.1.5 Explain procedure to find diesel index
8.1.6 Define sedimentation number
8.1.7 Explain method to note sedimentation No
8.1.8 Define octane number and cetane number
41
9. INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOCOPYING
9.1 Understand the photocopying
9.1.1 Explain the concept of photocopying
9.1.2 Explain the methods of photocopying
9.1.3 Enlist the precautions to be observed while operating a
photocopier
42
CHT. 153 BASIC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1 Calculation of dimensions of different secondary quantities.

2Determination of units of different quantities in different
measuring systems.
3 Conversion of units in different systems
4 Drawing of simple graph.
5 Graph reading
6Production of low temperature by use of refrigerant, study of
refrigerator/Deepfrezers.
7 Pipe cutting
8 Pipe Threading
9 Pipe fittings
10 Installation of valves
11 Insulation of steam traps
12 Insulation of steam pipe lines
13 Demonstration of Flash point
a Aniline point
b Pour point
c Cloud point
d Diesel index
18 Study of Photo copy machine, Photocopying practice
19 Preparation of Transparencies.
43
CHT. 164 GENERAL CHEMISTRY
T P C
2 6 4
OBJECTIVES
1 To present the students the principles of General chemistry.

2 To develop understanding of the scientific methods as applied to
the development of laws of chemistry.
3 To prepare the students for advance Laboratory Work.
4 To present the basic knowledge of Metallurgy to the students.
TOPICS COURSE OUTLINES
1 CONCEPT OF CHEMISTRY
1.1 Language of Chemistry
1.2 Molecular formula, Empirical formula
1.3 Chemical Equation
2 CHEMICAL LAWS
2.1 Law of conservation of mass, Law of constant proportion and
their problems.
2.2 Law of Reciprocal proportion, Law of multiple proportion and
their problems.
3 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
3.1 Passage of electricity through electrolytes solution and
gases.
3.2 Rutherford atomic model and its defects.
3.3 Plank's theory, different types of spectrum and Bohr's
theory, Defects in Bohr's theory.
3.4 Calculation of Energy, Raduis and ware number.
3.5 Frequency of Electron by Bohr's atomic model.
4 CHEMICAL BOND
4.1 Ionic Bond
4.2 Covalent bond, definition with examples in each case.
4.3 Ionization Potential, Electron Affinity.
4.4 Electronegativity and Bond Energy.
4.5 Co-ordinate coralent Bond, sigma and --- Bond definition
with example in each
4.6 NY bradization, structure of CH4, H20 and NH3 etc.
5 GASES
5.1 Behavior of gases, Kinetic theory of gases.
5.2 Boyle's and Charles law, General gas equation solution of
problems (concerning gas laws)
5.3 Grahm's law of diffusion Dalton's law of partial pressure
and Gay Lussac law.
44
6 LIQUIDS
6.1 Properties of liquid viscoity its measurement.
6.2 Surface tension and its measurement.
7 SOLIDS
7.1 Preparation and properties of solid.
7.2 Classification of solid classification of crystal Lattice
Energy.
8 SOLUTION
8.1 Solution Types of solution units.
8.2 Ideal and non ideal solution
9 OXID
9.1 Oxidation and reduction Important oxidising and reducing
agents.
9.2 Balancing of equation by oxidation number method.
10 WATER
10.1 Sources impurities of water causes of hardness.
10.2 Hard and soft water, removal of permanent and temporary
hardness.
11 ALLOYS DEFINITION AND CHEMISTRY

11.1 Composition properties and uses of stainless steel.
11.2 German silver Bronze.
11.3 Nichrom and Amalgam.
11.4 Bell metal and solder.
12 ACID AND BASE

12.1 Concept of acid and base properties of acid of base.
12.2 Strong and weak acid and base examples.
12.3 Basicity and acidity.
13 SALT
13.1 Salt types.
13.2 Examples of types of salts
14 METALS
14.1 Difference between metal and non metal.
14.2 General methods of purification of ores.
15 IRON ORES, IRON PURIFICATION

15.1 Manufacture of pig iron from blast furnace.
15.2 Manufacture of steel and its uses.
16 COPPER
16.1 Ores Extraction
16.2 Refining and uses of copper.
45
46
17 ALUMINIUM
17.1 Ores and Extraction and uses.
18 CHROMIUM
18.1 Ores Extraction uses.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS
1 Chemistry part I for class XI

2 Chemistry part II for class XII
recommended by the text book Board Punjab.
3 Practical chemistry for Intermediate classes.
47
CHT-164 GENERAL CHEMISTRY
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.
1. CONCEPT OF CHEMISTRY.
1.1 Understand language of chemistry 2. HRS
1.1.1 Give symbols of various elements
1.1.2 Describe valency
1.1.3 Explain radicals
1.2 Write molecular formula and empirical formula 1. HRS

1.2.1 Write molecular formula of different compounds
1.2.2 Write empirical formula of different compounds
1.3 Understand chemical equation 2. HRS
1.3.1 Write skeleton equation

1.3.2 Balance chemical equation by hit and trial method
1.3.3 Balance chemical equation by partial equation method
1.3.4 Balance chemical equation by ionic method
2 TOPIC CHEMICAL LAWS

2.1Understand law of cnsercation of mass and law of constant
proportion
2.1.1 State law of conservation of mass
2.1.2 State law of constant proportion
2.1.3Solve the problem based on law of constant proportion
2.2Understand law of reciprocal proportion and law of multiple
proportion
2.2.1 State law of reciprocal proportion
2.2.2 Date law of multiple proportion
2.2.3 Solve problems based on law of multiple proportion
3 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
3.1Understand passage of electricity through electroltic solution
3.1.1 Name the particles of atoms
3.1.2 Deseribe discovery of electron
3.1.3 Descrbe discovery of proton
3.1.4 Explain discovery of new tron
3.2Understand Rutherford's model atomand Bohr's atom
3.2.1 Enlist theories of atom
3.2.2 Describe rutherford's model atome
3.2.3 Tell defects in rutherford's model atom
3.3 Understand plank's theory
3.3.1 Illustrate plank's theory
3.3.2 Enlist defects in plank's theory
3.3.3 Define band spectrum
3.3.4 Define line spectrum
3.3.5 Explain bohr's theory of atom
3.3.6 Give arrangement of electrons in Bohr's atom
48
3.3.7 Enlist postulates of Bohr's theory
3.4 Understand energy of atom 1. HRS
3.4.1 Define wave number
3.4.2 Calculate energy of atom
3.5 Understand frequency of electron 1. HRS
3.5.1 Define frequency of electron
3.5.2 Calculate frequency of electoral
4. CHEMICAL BOND
4.1 Understand ionic bond 2. HRS
4.1.1 Define ionic bond
4.1.2 Illustrate ionic compounds
4.1.3 Enlist ionic compounds
4.2 Understand covalent bond 3. HRS
4.2.1 Explain covalent bond
4.2.2 Define single bond and give examples
4.2.3 Illustrate double bond and give examples
4.2.4 Describe triple bond and give examples
4.2.5 Describe covalent compounds
4.2.6 Name covalent compounds
4.3 Know ionization potential 2. HRS
4.3.1 Define ionization potential
4.3.2 Illustrate electron affinity
4.3.3 Give ionization potential of different atoms
4.4 Know electro negativity 2. HRS
4.4.1 Explain electro negativity
4.4.2 Define bond energy
4.4.3 Give example of electro negativity
4.5 Understand co ordinate bond
4.5.1 Describe co ordinate bond
4.5.2 Understand hybridization
4.5.3 Describe hyridization
4.6 Give example of Sigma bond
4.6.1 Distinguish between Sigma and pie bond
4.6.2 Illustrate structure of different hybridized atom
5 GASES
5.1 Understand behaviour of gases 1. HRS
5.1.1 Explain kinetic theory of gases
5.1.2 Describe temperature effect on gases
5.2 Understand gas laws 2. HRS
5.2.1 State boyel's law
5.2.2 State charler law
5.2.3 Describe absolute temperature
5.2.4 Derive gas equation
5.2.5 Solve problem based on gas equation
5.2.6 State Graham's law of diffusion
5.2.7 Explain dalton's law of partial pressure
5.2.8 State gay lussanc law
5.2.9 Solve problems based on graham's low of diffusion
49
5.2.10 Solve problems based on gay lssac's law
6 LIQUIDS
6.1 Understand properties of liquids 2. HRS
6.1.1 Define viscosity
6.1.2 Give units of viscosity in different systems
6.1.3 Enlist methods of measurement of viscosity
6.1.4 Explain measurement of viscosity by ostwald's
viscometer
6.1.5 Describe temperature effect on viscosity
6.2 Understand surface tension 2. HRS
6.2.1 Describe surface tension
6.2.2 Name the units of surface tension
6.2.3 Enlist methods for the measurement of surface
tension.
6.2.4 Explain measurement of surface tension by torsion
balance.
7. SOLID
7.1 Understand properties of solids.
7.1.1 Enlist the properties of solids
7.1.2 Explain density
7.1.3 Give units of density
7.1.4 Give effect of temperature on volume.
7.1.5 Define amorphous state
7.1.6 Explain colloidal state.
7.1.7Distinguish amorphous state, collridal state and solid
state.
7.2 Understand crystal habits.
7.2.1 Name types of crystals
7.2.2 Define crystal latice.
8. SOLUTION
8.1 Understand types of solution
8.1.1 Name of types of solution
8.1.2 Give example of different type of solution
8.1.3 Enlist the units used for the coricentration of sol
8.1.4 Know ideal and no ideal solution
8.2 Know ideal and no ideal solution.
8.2.1 Give examples of ideal solution
8.2.2Distinguish between ideal solution and non ideal solution
9. OXIDATION, REDUCTION 1. HRS

9.1 Understand oxidation and reduction.
9.1.1 Describe oxidation with examples
9.1.2 Describe reduction with examples
9.1.3 Enlist oxidizing agent
9.1.4 Name reducing agent.
9.2 Understand balancing equation by oxidation number
50
9.2.1Calculate oxidation number of an element in a compound.
9.2.2 Balance the equation.
10. UNDERSTAND WATER.

10.1.1 Enlist water sources
10.1.2 name the impurities of water
10.1.3 Explain causes of hardness..
10.1.4 Define hard water
10.1.5 Describe soft water.
10.1.6 Explain causes of harshness.
10.1.7Explain removal of permanent hardness by different
methods.
10.1.8Explain removal of temporary hardness by different
methods.
11. ALLOYS
11.1 Know composition of alloys
11.1.1 Define alloys
11.1.2 Give examples of alloys with their composition
11.1.3 Enlist general properties of alloys
11.1.4 Give uses of alloys.
11.2 Know German silver and bronze
11.2.1 Give composition of German silver.
11.2.2 Give composition of bronze
11.2.3 Enlist uses of German silver.
11.2.4 Give uses of bronze
11.3 Know Nichrom and Amalgam
11.3.1 Give the composition of Nick Rom
11.3.2 Enlist uses of Nick Rom
11.3.3 Define amalgam
11.4 Know bell metal and solder.
11.4.1 Give composition of bell metal
11.4.2 Define solder
11.4.3 Give composition of solder
11.4.4 Enlist uses of bell metal
11.4.5 Give uses of solder
12. ACID AND BASE

12.1 Understand properties of acid and base
12.1.1 Define acid
12.1.2 Distinguish between acid and base
12.1.3 Describe general properties of acids
12.1.4 Explain in general properties of bases.
12.2 Understand strong and week acid
12.2.1 Give examples of strong acid
12.2.2 Enlist examples of weak acid
12.2.3 Distinguish between strong and weak acid
12.3 Know acidity and basicity
12.3.1 Define acidity.
12.3.2 Define basicity
51
12.3.3 Calculate acidity and basicity.
13 SALT
13.1 Understand types of salts 2. HRS
13.1.1 Define salt
13.1.2 Name types of salt
13.1.3 Explain mental salt with examples
13.1.4 Explain acidic salt with examples
13.1.5 Explain basic salt with examples
13.1.6 illustrate double salt with examples
13.1.7 Distinguish between double salt and complex salt
14 METAL
14.1 Understand metals 1. HRS
14.1.1 Define metals
14.1.2 Give examples of materials
14.1.3 Differentiate metals and non metals
14.2 Understand purification of ores 2. HRS
14.2.1 Define ores
14.2.2 Name impurities of ores
14.2.3 Enlist methods of purification of ores
14.2.4 Explain different methods of purification of ores
14.3 Understand methods of extraction of metals 1. HRS
14.3.1 Name methods of extraction of metals
14.3.2 describe different methods of extraction
15 IRON
15.1 understand iron purification 1. HRS
15.1.1 List ores of iron
15.1.2 Name impurities of iron ores
15.1.3 List steps involed in the purification of iron
15.2 Understand manufacture of pig iron 2. HRS
15.2.1 Define pig iron
15.2.2 Name the furnaces used for manufacture of pig iron
15.2.3 List the material required for melting of pig iron
15.2.4 Explain reactions of blast furnace
15.3 Understand manufacture of steel 1. HRS
15.3.1 Enlist types of steel
15.3.2 Give composition of steel
15.3.3 Describe manufacture of steel
16 COPPER
16.1 Understand extractijon of copper 2. HRS
16.1.1 Enlist ores of copper
16.1.2 Name the extraction methods of copper
16.1.3 Name equipment used for extraction of copper
16.1.4 Describe copper extraction
16.2 Understand copper refining and uses of copper 1. HRS
16.2.1 Explain refining of copper
16.2.2 Enlist of copper
52
17. ALUMINIUM
17.1 Understand extraction of aluminium 1. HRS
17.1.1 List ores of aluminium
17.1.2 Name methods of aluminium extraction
17.1.3 Explain electrolysis of bauxite
17.1.4 Give the uses of aluminium
18 CHOROMIUM
18.1 Understand chromium extraction 1. HRS
18.1.1 Enlist chromium ores
18.1.2 Describe chromium extraction
18.1.3 Name alloys of chromium
18.1.4 Enlist use of chromium
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Chemistry part-I (for F.Sc students) by Dr. K.M. Ibne Rasa
Dr. M. Afzal
2. Practical chemistry for intermediate class.
53
CHT-164 GENERAL CHEMISTRY
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
Salt Analysis
Acidic Radicals
Dilute Acid Group
Concentrated Acid Group
Special Group
BASIC RADICALS
IST group Radicals
IIND group Radicals
2nd A
2nd B
IIIRD Group Radicals
4th Group Radicals
5th Group Radicals
6th Group Radicals
ANALYTICAL BALANCE WEIGHING TECHNIQUES
SEPARATION OF SALTS BY
Sublimation process
Filtration process
Selimentation process
PRACTICAL NOTE BOOK
SALT ANALYSIS SCHEME
54
MT-143 BASIC ENGINEERING DRAWING & CAD-I
T P C
1 6 3
Total contact hrs.
Theory 32
Practicals 192
Pre-requisite: None
AIMSAt the end of this course the students will be able to understand
the fundamentals of engineering drawing used in the various fields
of industry specially in the Mechanical Technology. The student
will be familiarized with the use of conventional drawing
instruments as well as the modern technology used for this
subject. The CAD portion of the subject will provide the student
the knowledge & use of computer in the subject of Engineering
Drawing.
COURSE CONTENTS
PART-A ENGINEERING DRAWING
1. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF TECHNICAL DRAWING 1 Hours

1.1 Technical drawing and the technician.
1.2 Use of technical drawing.
1.3 Common drawing forms.
1.4 Application of drawing forms.
1.5 Practices and conventions.
2. DRAWING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES. 2 Hours

2.1 Drawing pencil
2.2 Drawing papers specifications
2.3 Drawing Instruments
2.4 Use and care of drawing instruments and material.
3. ALPHABET OF LINES USED IN DRAWING 2 Hours

3.1 Importance the alphabet of lines.
3.2 Common alphabet of lines
3.3 Uses and correct line weightage of the line.
3.4 Application of line
4. LETTERING. 2 Hours
4.1 Importance of good lettering.
4.2 Single stroke of gothic.
4.3 Letter strokes.
4.4 Letter guide lines.
4.5 Vertical single stroke gothic
4.6 Inclined single stroke gothic
4.7 Composition of lettering
5. DRAWING LINES TECHNOLOGY 2 Hours
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5.1 Introduction to sketching techniques
5.2 Sketching lines
5.3 Sketching circles and arcs
5.4 Sketching ellipse.
5.5 Sketching views of objects
6. GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS 2 Hours

6.1 Introduction to geometry
6.2 Definition of terms
6.3 Different conventional shapes, surfaces and objects
6.4 Basic geometrical construction
6.5 Construction, ellipse, parabola
6.6 Involute and cycloids
7. INTRODUCTION TO MULTI-VIEW PROJECTIONS 3 Hours

7.1 Definition and concept of multi-view drawings
7.2 Proceptual vies of plan of projections
7.3 Orthographic projections
7.4 1st angle and 3rd angle projections
7.5 Principal views
7.6 Arrangement of views
7.7 Multi-view drawings
8. INTRODUCTION TO PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. 2 Hours

8.1 Uses of pictorial
8.2 Three types of pictorial views
8.3 Isometric sketching of rectangular block
8.4 Isometric sketching of Arcs and circles
8.5 Oblique sketching of rectangular block
8.6 One point perspective sketching of a rectangular block.
8.7 Two point perspective sketching of a rectangular block.
8.8 Preparation of pictorial drawings of simple objects.
9. BASIC DIMENSIONING. 2 Hours

9.1 Definition of dimensioning.
9.2 Types of dimensioning.
9.3 Elements of dimensioning.
9.4 System of measurements.
9.5 Dimensioning multi-view drawings.
9.6 Dimensioning pictorial views.
9.7 Dimensioning rules and practices.
9.8 Notes and specification
10. SECTIONING AND SECTIONAL VIEWS. 2 Hours

10.1 Definition and purpose.
10.2 Cutting planes position and cutting plane lines
10.3 Types of sectional views.
10.4 Conventional section lines of different materials.
10.5 Practice sectioned views.
56
11. MULTI-VIEW DRAWING OF MACHINE ELEMENTS 2 Hours
11.1 Terminology and drawing of rivets and riveted joints
11.2 Terminology and drawing of screw threads
11.3 Terminology and drawing of keys and cotters
11.4 Description and drawing of simple bearings
11.5 Describe and drawing of simple coupling
PART-B : CAD-I
12. CAD FUNDAMENTALS 2 Hours

12.1 CAD & its importance
12.2 Purposes
12.3 Advantages
13. CAD SOFTWARE 2 Hours

13.1CAD Abbreviations
13.2CAD Help
13.3Co-ordinate systems
14. BORDER TEMPLATE 2 Hours

14.1Drawing area
14.2 SNAP & GRID
14.3Pedit & Qsave
15.TITLE BLOCK 2 Hours

15.1Change Command
15.2Layer creation
15.3Zooming
15.4Typefaces of CAD
15.5Plotting
16.LINES & CIRCLES 2 Hours

16.1Dedit
16.2Analyzed line drawing
16.3U & Redo command
16.4Drawing a circle
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Engineering drawing by French Wirk
2.ABC's of Auto CAD Release-12 by Alan R Miller
57
SECTION-I ENGINERING DRAWING
1. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF TECHNICAL DRAWING

1.1 Know the uses of Technical Drawing
1.1.1Describe the importance of Technical Drawing from the point
of view of a Technician
1.1.2Explain the main uses of Technical Drawing from the point
of view of a Technician
1.2 Recognizes the different application of Technical drawing
1.2.1 Identify commonly used drawing forms
1.2.2 Illustrate the different drawing forms
1.2.3 Differentiate different drawing forms
1.2.4 Develop Technical vocabulary
2.KNOW THE COMMON DRAWING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES
2.1Identify the uses of different pencils for Technical Drawing.
2.2 Identify different paper sizes for drawing.
2.3Identify different types of papers suitable for drawing.
2.4Identify different types of erasers and their uses.
2.5 Maintain a will sharpened pencil for drawing.
2.6 Describe the drawing instruments.
2.7 State the use of drawing instruments.
3.UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF ALPHABET, CORRECT WEIGHTAGE AND

APPLICATION OF LINES USES IN TECHNICAL DRAWING.
3.1Knows the importance of lines.
3.2 Knows the Alphabet of lines.
3.3Identify the lines characteristics of each alphabet of lines.
3.4Draw horizontal, vertical and inclined lines
3.5 Draw alone line with correct weightages
4.APPLIES THE GOOD LETTERING AN A DRAWING

4.1Know the importance of lettering in a Technical engineering
drawing.
4.2Identify the letter style used in Technical drawing.
4.3 State letter strokes and guide lines.
4.4 Perform better stroke in single stroke gothic.
4.5Print vertical single stroke letters and numbers.
4.6Print inclined single stroke letters and numbers.
4.7Observe stability and pleasing appearance of letters in printing
5.UNDERSTAND SELECTING OF CIRCLES, ARCS, AND VIEWS OF OBJECTS.

5.1Draw circular an arc using circular line method.
5.2 Draw a circular arc using square method.
5.3 Draw an ellipse using rectangular method.
5.4 Draw views of simple objects.
58
6.APPLY DRAWING SKILL WITH THE AID OF DRAWING INSTRUMENTS IN
GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION
6.1Define common terms used in geometrical construction.
6.2Explain different geometrical shapes, surfaces of objects.
6.3 Draw basic geometrical construction.
6.4Draw involute, cycloid, spiral, tangent to circle and are
7.UNDERSTAND THE MULTI VIEW OF PROJECTIONS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

7.1 Define the concept of multi-view drawings.
7.2 Knows principle planes of projections.
7.3 Knows the orthographic method of projection.
7.4 Explain the 1st and 3rd angle projections.
7.5 State six principle views.
7.6 Practice multi-view projections.
8.APPLY THE USE, TYPES AND METHODS OF PICTORIAL VIEWS

8.1 Knows the use of pictorial views.
8.2 Knows the pre-requisite of pictorial drawing.
8.3 State three types of pictorial drawings.
8.4Draw isometric view of rectangular Blocks, Ares, circles.
8.5 Draw oblique sketching of rectangular blocks.
8.6Draw one-point perspective view of a Rectangular block.
8.7Draw Two point perspective view of a rectangular block.
8.8Prepare/draw pictorial drawings of simple objects.
9. APPLY GOOD DIMENSIONING ON MULTIVIEWS AND PICTORIALS.

9.1 Define dimensioning.
9.2 Identify the types of dimensioning.
9.3 Enlist the elements of dimensioning.
9.4 Identify the system of measurements.
9.5 Indicate complete dimension on multi view drawings.
9.6 Indicate complete dimension or pictorial drawings.
9.7 Follow the general rules for dimensioning.
9.9Indicate notes and specification or multiview drawings.
10.APPLY THE SECTIONING METHODS OF MATERIAL AND DRAW SECTIONAL VIEWS.

10.1 Define sectioning and its purpose.
10.2 Describe cutting planes and lines.
10.3 State types of sectional views.
10.4Explain conventional section lines of different materials.
10.5 Practice sectioning.
11.APPLY DRAWING METHODS TO DRAW MULTIVIEWS OF MACHINE ELEMENTS.

11.1 Draw multiviews of vee-block.
11.2 Draw multiviews of Gland
11.3 Draw keys & cotters.
11.4 Draw Multi views of simple bearing.
SECTION-II COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN.
59
12. UNDERSTAND CAD FUNDAMENTALS.
12.1 Define CAD.
12.2 Describes importance of CAD.
12.3 States purpose of CAD.
12.4 Explain advantages of CAD.
12.5 Establish importance of CAD usage in industry.
13. UNDERSTAND CAD SOFTWARE.

13.1Describe computer system requirements for CAD (e.g Auto CAD
release 12 or latest).
13.2 State procedure of giving command to CAD.
13.3 State CAD (e.g autocad rel. 12 or latest) abbreviations.
13.4 State use of function keys.
13.5 Describe procedure of giving commands with a mouse.
13.6Explain procedure of getting general help for a specific
command.
13.7 Explain drawing cursor and coordinate read out.
13.8 Explain cartesian notion.
13.9 Explain polar notation.
14. UNDERSTAND BORDER TEMPLATE OF A DRAWING.

14.1 Describe setting up of drawing area.
14.2 Describe setting of displayed digits.
14.3 Explain changing the drawing limits.
14.4 Explain use of grid system (auto rel-12 or latest).
14.5 Explain adjustment of drawing scale.
14.6 Explain procedure of drawing line with line command.
14.7 Explain P-edit command for widening boarder.
14.8 Explain procedure of saving boarder template.
15. UNDERSTAND ADDING A TITLE BLOCK TO THE BORDER DRAWING.

15.1 Describe checking the drawing time.
15.2 Explain Change command.
15.3 Explain creation of layer for title block.
15.4 Explain procedure of creating a title block.
15.5 Explain Zoom command.
15.6 Explain importance of saving a drawing.
15.7 Explain use of CAD (Autocad R-12 or latest).
15.8Explain filling in the title block by writing drawing title,name
etc.
15.9 Explain procedure of plotting drawing on a plotter or
printer.
15.10 Explain Qsave command.
16. UNDERSTAND DRAWING LINES AND CIRCLES.

16.1 State beginning of a new drawing.
16.2 Explain Dedit command (autocad R-12 or latest).
16.3 Describe viewing the entire drawing.
60
16.4 Explain drawing of angled line.
16.5 Explain U-command.
16.6 Explain Redo command.
16.7 Explain drawing a circle with circle command.
16.8 Explain automatic work saving procedures.
61
LIST OF PRACTICALS 192 Hours
A. BASIC ENGINEERING DRAWING:

1.Lettering 5mm height
2.Lettering 3mm height
3.Use of Tee Square and set squares for drawing horizontal, vertical
and inclined lines.
4.use of Tee square and for drawing centres, crossing of lines
5.use of compass, circles, half circles, radius.
6.Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle.
7.Plane geometry angles and triangles.
8.Plane Geometry quadrilateral square rhombus, rectangle and
parallelogram
9.Plane geometry parallel-lines, perpendicular, bisect line and angle.
10.Plane geometry equal division of line and some radio with the help
of compass and set square.
11.Plane geometry inscribe and circumscribe square, triangle and
hexagon.
12.Plane geometry of construction of polygon, five, six, seven and
eight sides.
13.Plane geometry of inscribe pentagon in a circle and pentagon by
general and different methods.
14.Plane geometry of tangent of circle inside and outside
15.Plane geometry of construction of ellipse with two methods.
16.Plane geometry of construction of ellipse with next two methods.
17.Plane geometry of construction of parabola curve 4 methods
18.Plane geometry of construction of hyperbola curve
19.Plane geometry of Spiral curve
20.Plane geometry of helix curve.
21.Plane geometry of construction of involute curve of square rectangle
hexagon and circle
22.Different types of drawing lines.
23.Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle L block
24.Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Step Block
25.Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Vee block
26.Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Given Block
27.Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Additional Block
28.Orthographic projection and Isometric Drawing Given Block
29.Orthographic projection and Isometric Drawing Given Block next
30.Orthographic projection and Isometric Drawing Given Block next
31.Different types of sectioning
32.different section lines for different material
33.Orthographic projection of Vee block sectional views.
34.Orthographic projection Gland sectional views
35.Orthographic projection Open bearing sectional views
36.Concept for different types of Drawings
37.Isometric and oblige drawings of cube with one hole.
62
38.Isometric and oblige drawings of another given block.
39.Missing lines and portions on given views
40.Missing lines and portions on given views next
43.Isometric scale and development of cube
44.Development of prism
45.Development of cylinder
46.Development of Cone
47.Development of Pyramid
48.Thread profile of square and vee threads.
49.Different types of threads
50.Sketch of hexagonal nut and bolt
51.Rivet heads
52.Single riveted lap joint
53.Single riveted but joint
B.COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (Auto cad Rel-12 or latest).
1. Practice loading CAD software into computer memory.

2.Practice un loading CAD software safely and cone to Dos prompt.
3.Practice CAD abbreviations, auto CAD release 12 of latest (e.g A for
Arc, C for circle, E for Erase etc).
4. Practice function keys for short cuts.
5.Practice to draw two points using cartesian Notation on graph paper
6.Practice to draw straight line using polar coordinates on graph paper
7. Set-up drawing area using CAD software
8. Practice for Turning GRID ON and OFF and SNAP on and OFF
9. Draw a line with line command
10. Widen Border lines with pedit
11. Save Border Template (QSAVE)
12. Create layers and move border to it's own layer
13. Create a layer for Title Block
14. Create Title Block
15. Practice for Zoom command
16. Practice for CAD Type faces (Auto CAD Rel-12 or latest)
17. Practice for filling Title Block
18. Practice for plotting the drawing on plotter or printer
19. Begin a New drawing
20. Practice with Dedit command to make changes in the drawing
21. Draw an Angled line
22. Practice with U-Command and Redo command
23. Draw a circle with circle command
63
2nd Year
Math 223APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Total Contact Hours T P C

Theory 96 Hours 3 0 3
Pre-requisite: Must have completed Mathematics I.
AIMSThe students will be able to:
1. Solve problems of Calculus and Analytic Geometry.

2.Develop mathematical skill, attitudes and logical perception
in the use of mathematical instruments.
3.Apply principles of Differential Calculus to work out rate
measures, velocity, acceleration, maxima & minima values
4.Use Principles of Integral Calculus to compute areas &
volumes.
5.Acquire proficiency in solving technological problems with
mathematical clarity and insight.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. FUNCTIONS & LIMITS. 6 Hours

1.1 Constant & Variable Quantities
1.2 Functions & their classification
1.3 The concept of Limit
1.4 Limit of a Function
1.5 Fundamental Theorems on Limit
1.6 Some important Limits
1.7 Problems
2. DIFFERENTIATION 6 Hours
2.1 Increments
2.2 Differential Coefficient or Derivative
2.3 Differentiation ab-initio or by first Principle
2.4 Geometrical Interpretation of Differential Coefficient
2.5 Differential Coefficient of Xn, (ax + b)n
2.6 Three important rules
2.7 Problems
3. DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 9 Hours
64
3.1 Explicit Functions
3.2 Implicit Functions
3.3 Parametric forms
3.4 Problems
4. DIFFERENTIATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 6 Hours

4.1 Differential Coefficient of Sin x, Cos x, Tan x from first
principle.
4.3 Differentiation of inverse Trigonometric functions.

4.4 Problems.
5. DIFFERENTIATIONS OF LOGARITHMIC & EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS 6

Hours
5.1 Differentiation of ln x
5.2 Differentiation of Log ax
5.3 Differentiation of ax
5.4 Differentiation of ex
5.5 Problems
6. RATE OF CHANGE OF VARIABLES. 6 Hours

6.1 Increasing and decreasing functions
6.2 Maxima and Minima values
6.3 Criteria for maximum & minimum values
6.4 Methods of finding maxima & minima
6.5 Problems
7. INTEGRATION 9 Hours
7.1 Concept
7.2 Fundamental Formulas
7.3 Important Rules
7.4 Problems
8. METHODS OF INTEGRATION 9 Hours

8.1 Integration by substitution
8.2 Integration by parts
8.3 Problems
9. DEFINITE INTEGRALS 6 Hours

9.1 Properties
9.2 Application to area
9.3 Problems
65
10.DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 6 Hours
10.1Introduction
10.2Degree and Order
10.3First order differential equation
10.4Solution
10.5Problems
11. PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY & STRAIGHT LINE 6 Hours

11.1 Coordinate System
11.2 Distance Formula
11.3 The Ratio Formula
11.4 Inclination and slope of a line
11.5 The slope Formula
11.6 Problems
12. EQUATIONS OF STRAIGHT LINE 6 Hours

12.1 Some important Forms
12.2 General Form
12.3 Angle Formula
12.4 Parallelism & Perpendicularity
12.5 Problems
13. EQUATIONS OF CIRCLE 6 Hours

13.1 Standard form of Equation
13.2 Central form of Equation
13.3 General form of Equation
13.4 Radius & Coordinates of the centre
13.5 Problems
14.STATISTICS 9 Hours
14.1Concept of mean, median and mode
14.2Standard deviation
14.3Laws of probability
14.4Problems
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Thomas Finny- Calculus and Analytic Geometry

2. Ghulam Yasin Minhas - Technical Mathematics Vol - II, Ilmi
Kitab Khana, Lahore.
3. Prof. Riaz Ali Khan- Polytechnic Mathematic Series Vol I & II,
Majeed Sons, Faisalabad
4.Prof. Sana Ullah Bhatti - Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Punjab
Text Book Board, Lahore.
66
Math-223 APPLIED MATHEMATICS
1.USE THE CONCEPT OF FUNCTIONS AND THEIR LIMITS IN SOLVING SIMPLE

PROBLEMS.
1.1Define a function.
1.2List all type of functions.
1.3Explain the concept of limit and limit of a function.
1.4Explain fundamental theorems on limits.
1.5Derive some important limits.
1.6solve problems on limits.
2.UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF DIFFERENTIAL COEFFICIENT

2.1Derive mathematical expression for a differential coefficient.
2.2Explain geometrical interpretation of differential coefficient.
2.3Differentiate a constant, a constant associated with a variable
and the sum of finite number of functions.
2.4Solve related problems.
3.USE RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION TO SOLVE PROBLEMS OF ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS.
3.1Differentiate ab-initio xn and (ax+b)n.
3.2Derive product, quotient and chain rules.
3.3Find derivatives of implicit functions and explicit functions.
3.4Differentiate parametric forms, functions w.r.t another function
and by rationalization.
3.5Solve problems using these formulas.
4.USE RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION TO SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS.
4.1Differentiate from first principle sin x,Cos x,tan x.
4.2Derive formula Derivatives of Sec x, Cosec x, Cot x.
4.3Find differential coefficients of inverse trigonometric
functions
4.3Solve problems based on these formulas.
5.USE RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION TO LOGARITHMIC AND EXPONENTIAL

FUNCTIONS.
5.1Derive formulas for differential coefficient of Logarithmic and
exponential functions.
5.2Solve problems using these formulas.
6.UNDERSTAND RATE OF CHANGE OF ONE VARIABLE WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER.
67
6.1Derive formula for velocity, acceleration and slope ofa line.
6.2Define an increasing and a decreasing function, maxima and minima
values, point of inflexion.
6.3Explain criteria for maxima and minima values of a function.
6.4Solve problems involving rate of change of variables.
7.USE RULES OF INTEGRATION IN SOLVING RELEVANT PROBLEMS.

7.1Explain the concept of integration.
7.2State basic theorems of integration.
7.3List some important rules of integration.
7.4Derive fundamental formulas of integration.
7.5Solve problems of integration based on these rules/formulas.
8.UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT METHODS OF INTEGRATION

8.1List standard formulas of Integration.
8.2Integrate a function by substitution method.
8.3Find integrals by the method of integration by parts.
8.4Solve problems using these methods.
9.UNDERSTAND METHODS OF SOLVING DEFINITE INTEGRALS.

9.1Define definite integral.
9.2List properties of definite integrals.
9.3Find areas under the curves using definite integrals.
9.4Solve problems of definite integrals.
10.USE DIFFERENT METHODS OF INTEGRATION TO SOLVE DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS
10.1Define a differential equation, its degree and order
10.2Explain method of separation of variables to solve differential
equation of first order and first degree.
10.3Solve differential equations of first order and first degree
11.UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY.

11.1Explain the rectangular coordinate system.
11.2Locate points in different quadrants.
11.3Derive distance formula.
11.4Prove section formulas.
11.5Derive Slope Formula
11.6Solve problem using these formulas.
12.USE EQUATIONS OF STRAIGHT LINE IN SOLVING PROBLEMS.

12.1Define a straight line.
12.2Write general form of equation of a straight line.
12.3Derive slope intercept and intercept forms of equations of a
68
straight line.
12.4Derive expression for angle between two straight lines.
12.5Derive conditions of perpendicularity and parallelism of two
straight lines.
12.6Solve problems involving these equations/formulas.
13.SOLVE TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS USING EQUATIONS OF CIRCLE.

13.1Define a circle.
13.2Describe standard, central and general forms of the
equation of a circle.
13.3Convert general form to the central form of equation of a circle.
13.4Derive formula for the radius and the coordinates of the center
of a circle from the general form.
13.5Derive equation of the circle passing through three given
points.
13.6Solve problems involving these equations.
14.UNDERSTAND THE BASIC CONCEPT OF STATISTICS.

14.1Define mean, median and mode
14.2Explain standard deviation
14.3State laws of probability
14.4Calculate the above mentioned quantities using the proper
formula.
69
Mgm-211 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
T P C
1 0 1
Total contact hours
Theory 32 Hrs.
Prerequisites:The students shall already be familiar with the

language concerned.
AIMSThe course has been designed to enable the students to.

1. Develop communication skills.
2.Understand basic principles of good and effective business
writing in commercial and industrial fields.
3.Develop knowledge and skill to write technical report with
confidence and accuracy.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. COMMUNICATION PROCESS. 6 Hours

1.1 Purposes of communication
1.2 Communication process
1.3 Distortions in communication
1.4 Consolidation of communique
1.5 Communication flow
1.6 Communication for self development
2. ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS. 6 Hours

2.1 Significance of speaking.
2.2 Verbal and non-verbal messages.
2.3 Strategic steps of speaking.
2.4 Characteristics of effective oral messages.
2.5 Communication Trafficking.
2.6 Oral presentation.
3. QUESTIONING SKILLS. 3 Hours

3.1 Nature of question.
3.2 Types of questions.
3.3 Characteristics of a good question.
3.4 Questioning strategy
4. LISTENING SKILLS. 5 Hours

4.1 Principles of active listening.
70
4.2 Skills of active listening.
4.3 Barriers to listening.
4.4 Reasons of poor listening.
4.5 Giving Feedback.
5. INTERVIEWING SKILLS. 3 Hours

5.1 Significance of interviews.
5.2 Characteristics of interviews.
5.3 Activities in an interviewing situation
5.4 Types of interviews.
5.5 Interviewing strategy.
6. REPORT WRITING. 3 Hours

6.1 Goals of report writing
6.2 Report format.
6.3 Types of reports.
6.4 Report writing strategy.
7. READING COMPREHENSION. 2 Hours

7.1 Reading problems.
7.2 Four Reading skills.
8. GROUP COMMUNICATION. 4 Hours

8.1 Purposes of conducting meetings.
8.2 Planning a meeting.
8.3 Types of meetings.
8.4 Selection f a group for meeting.
8.5 Group leadership skills.
8.6 Running a successful meeting.
8.7 Active participation techniques.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Sh. Ata-ur-Rehman Effective Business Communication & Report
Writing.
2. Ulman J.N. Could JR. Technical Reporting.
71
Mgm-211 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION.
1.UNDERSTAND THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS.

1.1 State the benefits of two way communication.
1.2 Describe a model of communication process.
1.3 Explain the major communication methods used in organization.
1.4 Identify the barriers to communication and methods of overcoming these barriers.
1.5 Identify misconceptions about communication.
2. UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF ORAL.

2.1 Identify speaking situations with other peoples.
2.2 Identify the strategy steps of speaking.
2.3 Identify the characteristics of effective speaking.
2.4 State the principles of one-way communication.
2.5 State the principles of two-way communication.
2.6 Identify the elements of oral presentation skills.
2.7 Determine the impact of non-verbal communication on oral communication.
3.DETERMINE THE USES OF QUESTIONING SKILLS TO GATHER AND CLARIFY

INFORMATION IN THE ORAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS.
3.1 Identify different types of questions.
3.2 Determine the purpose of each type of question and its application.
3.3 Identify the hazards to be avoided when asking questions.
3.4 Demonstrate questioning skills.
4.DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF ACTIVE LISTENING SKILL IN THE ORAL

COMMUNICATION PROCESS.
4.1 State the principles of active listening.
4.2 Identify skills of active listening.
4.3 Identify barriers to active listening.
4.4 State the benefits of active listening.
4.5 Demonstrate listening skills.
4.6 Explain the importance of giving and receiving feed back.
5.Determine the appropriate interview type for the specific work-related situation and conduct
a work-related interview.
5.1 State the significance of interviews.
5.2 State the characteristics of interviews.
5.3 Explain the activities in an interviewing situation.
5.4 Describe the types of interviews.
72
5.5 Explain the interviewing strategy.
5.6 Prepare instrument for a structured interview.
6.PREPARE A REPORT OUT-LINE, BASED ON SUBJECT MATTER AND AUDIENCE.

6.1 Identify the different types of reports.
6.2 Determine when to use an informal or formal report presentation.
6.3 Identify the stages of planning a report.
6.4Identify the parts of a report and choose the parts appropriate for each type of report.
6.5 Draft a report outline.
7. DEMONSTRATE READING COMPREHENSION.

7.1 Identify major reading problems.
7.2 Identify basic reading skills.
7.3 State methods of previewing written material.
7.4 Identify methods of concentration when reading.
7.5 Demonstrate reading comprehension.
8. UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLES OF GROUP COMMUNICATIONS.

8.1 State the purpose and characteristics of major types of meeting.
8.2 Explain responsibilities of a meeting/committee.
8.3Identify problems likely to be faced at meeting and means to overcome these problems.
8.4 Distinguish between content and process at meetings.
8.5 Explain the key characteristics of a good group facilitator.
73
Mgm 221BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
Total Contact Hours

Theory 32 T P C
Practical 0 1 0 1
AIMSThe students will be able to develop management skills, get acquainted the learner with the
principles of management and economic relations and develop commercial/economic
approach to solve the problems in the industrial set-up.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. ECONOMICS 2 Hours
1.1 Definition: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Prof. Robins.
1.2 Nature and scope
1.3 Importance for technicians.
2. BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS 1 Hour

2.1 Utility
2.2 Income
2.3 Wealth
2.4 Saving
2.5 Investment
2.6 Value.
3. DEMAND AND SUPPLY. 2 Hours

3.1 Definition of demand.
3.2 Law of demand.
3.3 Definition of supply.
3.4 Law of supply.
4. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION. 2 Hours

4.1 Land
4.2 Labour
4.3 Capital
4.4 Organization.
5. BUSINESS ORGANIZATION. 3 Hours

5.1 Sole proprietorship.
5.2 Partnership
5.3 Joint stock company.
74
6.ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS 4 Hours
6.1Preparing, planning, establishing, managing, operating and evaluating relevant resources
in small business.
6.2Business opportunities, goal setting.
6.3Organizing, evaluating and analyzing opportunity and risk tasks.
7. SCALE OF PRODUCTION. 2 Hours

7.1 Meaning and its determination.
7.2 Large scale production.
7.3 Small scale production.
8. ECONOMIC SYSTEM 3 Hours

8.1 Free economic system.
8.2 Centrally planned economy.
8.3 Mixed economic system.
9. MONEY. 1 Hour
9.1 Barter system and its inconveniences.
9.2 Definition of money and its functions.
10. BANK. 1 Hour

10.1 Definition
10.2 Functions of a commercial bank.
10.3 Central bank and its functions.
11. CHEQUE 1 Hour

11.1 Definition
11.2 Characteristics and kinds of cheque.
11.3 Dishonour of cheque.
12. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 2 Hours

12.1 IMF
12.2 IDBP
12.3 PIDC
13. TRADE UNION 2 Hours

13.1 Introduction and brief history.
13.2 Objectives, merits and demerits.
13.3 Problems of industrial labour.
14. INTERNATIONAL TRADE. 2 Hours

14.1 Introduction
75
14.2 Advantages and disadvantages.
15. MANAGEMENT 1 Hour

15.1 Meaning
15.2 Functions
16. ADVERTISEMENT 2 Hours

16.1 The concept, benefits and draw-backs.
16.2 Principal media used in business world.
17. ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN 1 Hour

17.1 Introduction
17.2 Economic problems and remedies.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1.Nisar-ud-Din, Business Organization, Aziz Publisher, Lahore
2.M. Saeed Nasir,Introduction to Business, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore.
3. S.M. Akhtar, An Introduction to Modern Economics, United Limited, Lahore.
76
Mgm-221 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS.
1.UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMICS.

1.1State definition of economics given by Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall and Professor Robins.
1.2 Explain nature and scope of economics.
1.3 Describe importance of study of economics for technicians.
2.UNDERSTAND BASIC TERMS USED IN ECONOMICS.

2.1Define basic terms, utility, income, wealth, saving, investment and value.
2.2Explain the basic terms with examples
3. UNDERSTAND LAW OF DEMAND AND LAW OF SUPPLY.

3.1 Define Demand.
3.2 Explain law of demand with the help of schedule and diagram.
3.3 State assumptions and limitation of law of demand.
3.4 Define Supply.
3.5 Explain law of Supply with the help of schedule and diagram.
3.6 State assumptions and limitation of law of supply.
4.UNDERSTAND THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Define the four factors of production.
4.2 Explain labour and its features.
4.3 Describe capital and its peculiarities.
5. UNDERSTAND FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION.

5.1 Describe sole proprietorship, its merits and demerits.
5.2 Explain partnership, its advantages and disadvantages.
5.3 Describe joint stock company, its merits and demerits.
5.4 Distinguish public limited company and private limited company.
6.UNDERSTAND ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS

6.1Explain preparing, planning, establishing and managing small business set up
6.2Explain evaluating all relevant resources
6.3Describe organizing analyzing and innovation of risk of task
7. UNDERSTAND SCALE OF PRODUCTION.

7.1 Explain scale of production and its determination.
7.2 Describe large scale production and it merits.
7.3 Explain small scale of production and its advantages and disadvantages.
8. UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS.

8.1 Describe free economic system and its characteristics.
8.2 Explain centrally planned economic system, its merits and demerits.
77
8.3 State mixed economic system and its features.
9. UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MONEY

9.1 Define money
9.2Explain barter system and its inconveniences.
9.3 Explain functions of money.
10. UNDERSTAND BANK AND ITS FUNCTIONS.

10.1 Define bank.
10.2 Describe commercial bank and its functions.
10.3 State central bank and its functions.
11. UNDERSTAND CHEQUE AND DISHONOR OF CHEQUE.

11.1 Define cheque.
11.2 Enlist the characteristics of cheque.
11.3 Identify the kinds of cheque.
11.4 Describe the causes of dishonor of a cheque.
12. UNDERSTAND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

12.1 Explain IMF and its objectives.
12.2 Explain organisational set up and objectives of IDBP.
12.3 Explain organisational set up and objectives of PIDC.
13. UNDERSTAND TRADE UNION, ITS BACKGROUND AND FUNCTIONS.

13.1 Describe brief history of trade union.
13.2 State functions of trade union.
13.3 Explain objectives, merits and demerits of trade unions.
13.4 Enlist problems of industrial labour.
14. UNDERSTAND INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

14.1 Explain international trade.
14.2 Enlist its merits and demerits.
15. UNDERSTAND MANAGEMENT

15.1 Explain meaning of management.
15.2 Describe functions of management.
15.3 Identify the problems of business management.
16. UNDERSTAND ADVERTISEMENT.

16.1 Explain the concept of advertisement.
16.2 Enlist benefits and drawbacks of advertisement.
16.3 Describe principal media of advertisement used in business world.
17. UNDERSTAND THE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN.

17.1 Describe economy of Pakistan.
78
17.2 Explain economic problems of Pakistan
17.3Explain remedial measures for economic problems of Pakistan.
measure.
79
CHT 244 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
T P C
2 6 4
Total contact hours:
Theory 64
Practical 192
OBJECTIVES.
1. Understand the basic principles of organic chemistry.
2.Apply basic principle of organic chemistry in the labortory work.
COURSE CONTENTS.
1.DEFINITION OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORGANIC AND

IN-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH EXAMPLES.
1.1 Sourse of organic compounds and applications
1.2Classification of organic compounds with their general formula and functional groups.
0
2. TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTION.
2.1 i) Substitution reactions with examples.
ii) Addition reaction with examples.
2.2 Elimination reaction with examples.
Rearrangements reactions with examples.
3. ISOMERISM DEFINITION AND TYPES.

3.1 Types of Isomerism with examples.
3.2Hydrocarbons - Definition and classification with examples and general formula.
3.3 Homologous Series.
3.4 Nomenclature of organic compounds according to IUPAC system
3.5 Nomenclature of various organic compounds according to IUPAC ststem.
4. ALKANE, METHOD OF PREPARATION

4.1 General chemical properties (Reaction) of alkane.
5. ALKENES, METHODS OF PREPARATION.

5.1 General chemical properties of alkenes.
6 ALKYNES, METHODS OF PREPARATION.

6.1 General chemical properties of alkynes.
7. ALKYL HALIDES, TYPES OF ALKYL HALIDES.

7.1 Method of preparation.
7.2 General chemical properties of RX
7.3 Organometallic compounds, Definition preparation of Rmgx (Grignard reagent)
7.4 Properties (chemical & physical) of Rmgx
7.5 Properties of Rmgx.
80
8 ALCONALS, CLASSIFICATION, GENERAL METHODS OF
8.1 Preparation of alcohol.
8.2 General reaction of alcohol.
9 ETHER, METHODS OF PREPARATION.

9.1 Properties of Ether (chemical reaction).
10 ALDEHYDE, DEFINITION.
10.1 Preparation of aldehyde.
10.2 Chemical properties of aldehyde.
11 KETONE, DEFINITION.
11.1 Preparation of ketone.
11.2 Chemical properties of ketone.
12 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, DEFINITION.

12.1 Classification
12.2 Preparation of Carboxylic acid.
12.3 General Chemical properties of Carboxylic acid.
13. DERIVATIVES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS.

13.1 Preparation of acid chlorides along with chemical properties.
13.2 General methods of preparation of acid an-hydrides.
13.3 Chemical properties of acid an-hydrides.
14 GENERAL METHODS OF PREPARATION OF AMIDE.

14.1 Chemical properties.
15 GENERAL METHODS OF PREPARATION OF ESTER.

15.1 Chemical properties of esters.
16 AMINES, DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION.

16.1 Preparation of all types of amines.
16.2 General reaction of Amines.
17 AROMATIC HYDRO CARBONS, CLASSIFICATION.

17.1 Methods of preparation of Benzene.
17.2 Chemical properties of Benzene.
18 PHENOLS, THEIR CLASSIFICATION.

18.1 General methods of preparation.
18.2 General reaction of phenols.
19 CARBOHYDRATES, CLASSIFICATION.
19.1 Preparation of glucose.
81
19.2 Reaction of glucose.
19.3 Fructose, methods of preparation and reaction of furtose.
19.4 Comparison between glucose and fructose.
20 PROTEINS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

20.1 Chenical composition, molecular shape.
20.2 Chemical properties and colour reaction of protiens.
21 NATURAL PRODUCTS LIKE "VITAMINS" A, B, C, D "ENZYMES"
22 ALKALOIDES LIKE "PIPERINE", "NICOTINE", "QUININE"
RECOMMANDED BOOKS
1 Mannual on Organic Chemistry -I,II (Polytechnic manual series)

2 Chemistry part -II (for f.sc students) by Dr.KMibne Rasa, Dr M.A.
Afzal
3 Organic Chemistry for B.Sc students by B.S Bahl
82
CHT 244 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1.1 Student will be able to understand organic chemistry. 2.HRS
1.1.1 Define organic chemistry
1.1.2 Diffrentiate between organic and inorganic compounds
1.1.3 Give the application of organic chemistry daily life
1.2 Understand the general formula and functional groups of 2 Hrs
organic compounds
1.2.1 Give general classification of organic compounds
1.2.2Write general formula for each class of organic compounds
1.2.3 Write the functional group for each class of organic compounds
2. TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTIONS 4. HRS

2.1 Understand the types of organic reactions
2.1.1 Enlist the types of organic reactions
2.1.2 Explain substitution reaction
2.1.3 Explain addition reaction
2.1.4 Explain Elimination reaction
2.1.5 Explain rearrangement reaction
2.1.6 Give examples of different types of reaction
3. ISOMERISM 2. HRS
3.1 Understand isomerism
3.1.1 Define isomerism
3.1.2 Give types of isomerism in organic compounds
3.1.3 Explain different isomeric forms
3.1.4 Give examples of different isomeric forms
4. HYDROCARBONS 4. HRS
4.1 Understand the Hydrocarbons
4.1.1 Define hydrocarbon
4.1.2 Give classification of hydrocarbons
4.1.3 Write general formula for hydrocarbons
4.1.4 Explain homologous series
4.2 Understand the Nomenclature of organic compounds 2. HRS
4.2.1 Explain conventional method of raming organic
compounds
4.2.2 Explain IUPAC system for raming organic compounds
4.2.3 Write names of organic compounds according IUPAC
system
4.3 Understand the concept of alkans 3. HRS
4.3.1 Define alkanes
4.3.2 Write general furmula for alkanes and alkyl
Radicals
4.3.3 Name alkanas and alkyl radicals
4.3.4 Explain general methods of preparation of alkanes
83
4.3.5 Explain general properties of alkanes
4.4 Understand the concept of alkenes 3. HRS

4.4.1 Define alkenes
4.4.2 Name alkenes
4.4.3 Explain general methods of preparation of alkenes
4.4.5 Enlist the uses of ethere
4.5 Understand the concept of alkynes 3. HRS

4.5.1 Define alkynes
4.5.2 Enlist different types of alkynes
4.5.3 Explain the methods of preparation of acetylene
4.5.4 Explain the properties of acetylene
4.5.5 Give the uses of C2H2
5. ALKYL HALIDES
5.1 Understand the concept of alkyl halides 2. HRS
5.1.1 Define alkyl halide
5.1.2 Give the type of alkyl halides
5.1.3 Name different alkyl halides
5.1.4Explain general methods of preparaction of Aikyl Halides
5.1.5 Explain gerneral properties of Ailyl Halides
5.1.6 Enlist uses of Ailyl Halides
6. ORGANOMETALIC COMPOUNDS
6.1 Understand the concept of organometalic compounds 2. HRS
6.1.1 Define organometalic compounds
6.1.2 Explain the methods of preparation of Grignard Reagent (R-Mg-X)
6.1.3 Explain the properties of R-MG-X
7. ALCOHOLS
7.1 Understand the concept of alcohols 2. HRS
7.1.1 Define alcohol
7.1.2 Give classification of alcohols
7.1.3 Explain general methods of preparation of alcohols
7.1.4 Explain general properties of alcohols
7.1.5 Explain the methods of preparation of ethylalcohal
7.1.6 Enlist the uses of ethyl alcohol
8. ETHERS
8.1 Understand the concept of ethers. 2. HRS
8.1.1 Define ether
8.1.2 Give general formula of ethers
8.1.3 Explain general methods of preparation of ethers.
8.1.4 Explain general properties of ethers.
9. ALDEHYDES.
9.1 Understand the concept of aldehydes.
9.1.1 Define aldehyde
9.1.2 Name different aldehyes.
84
9.1.3 Explain general methods of preparation ofaldehydes.
9.1.4 Explain general properties of aldehydes.
9.1.5 Enlist the uses of aldehydes.
10. KETONES 2. HRS

10.1 Understand the concept of ketones.
10.1.1 Define ketone
10.1.2 Name different
10.1.3 Explain methods of preparatijon of acetone
10.1.4 Explain the preperties o;f acetone
10.1.5 Enlist the uses of acctone
11 CARLOXYLIC ACIDS 3. HRS

11.1 Understand the concept of carboxylic acids
11.1.2 Name different carboxylic acids
11.1.3 Give the types of carboxylic acids
11.1.4 Explain the general methods of preparation of mono carboxylic acids
11.1.5 Explain the preparties of mone carboxylic acids
11.1.6 Enlist the uses of carboxylic acids
12 ACID DENVATIVES 3. HRS

12.1 Understnad the concept acid chlorides
12.1.1 Define acid chlorides
12.1.2 Name acid chlorides
12.1.3Explain general methods of preparation of acid chlorides
12.1.4 Explain general preoperties of acid chlorides
12.2 Understand the concerpt of acid anhydrides 3. HRS
12.2.1 Define acid anhydride
12.2.2 Name acid anhydride
12.2.3give general mehtods of preparation of acetic anhydride
12.2.4 Give properties of acetic anhydride
12.2.5 Enlist the uses of acetic anhydride
12.3 Understand the concept of acid amide 2. HRS
12.3.1 Define acidamide
12.3.2 Name acid amides
12.3.3 Explain general methods of preparation fo acidamides
12.3.4 Explain the properties of acid amides
13 ESTERS
13.1 Understant the concept of esters 2. HRS
13.1.1 Define esters
13.1.2 Name esters
13.1.3 give general methods of preparation of esters
13.1.4 give general properties of esters
14 AMINES
14.1 Understnad the concept of amines 3. HRS
14.1.1 Define amine
14.1.2 Give classification of amines
14.1.3 Name different types of amines
85
14.1.4 Explain the method of preparation of primery amines
14.1.5 Explain the method of preparation of secondary amine
Explain the method of preparation of tertiary amine
Explain the general prepoerties of amines
15 AROMATIC HYDROCABONS
15.1 Understand the concept of aromatic hydrocarbons 3. HRS
15.1.1 Define aromatic hydrocarbons
15.1.2Differentiate between open chain(aliphatic) and close chain (aromatic) compoundns
15.1.3 Give classification of aromatic compounds
15.1.4 Explain the nomenclature of aromatic comoounds
15.1.5 Explain the methods of preparation of benzene
15.1.6 Explain the properties of benzene
15.2 Understnad the concept of phenol 2. HRS
15.2.1 Define phenol
15.2.2 Explain the nomenclature of phenol
15.1.3 Explain general methods of preparation of phebnol
15.2.4 Explain general properties of phenols
16 CARBOHYDRATES
16.1 Understand carbohydrates 3. HRS
16.1.1 Define carbohydrate
16.1.2 give classification of carbohydrates
16.1.3 Write structure formula of glucose and fructose
16.1.4 Explain the method of preparation of glucose
16.1.5 Explain the preoperties of glucose
16.1.6 Explain the method of preparation of fructose
16.1.7 Explain the properties of fructose
16.1.8 Give comparison betwenn glucose and fructose
17 PROTEINS
0 17.1 Understnad the concept of proteins 3. HRS
17.1.1 Define protein
Give classification of proteins
Explain general properties of proteins
86
CHT 244 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
1.Detection of Sulphur, Nitrogen and halogens in the organic compounds.

2. Preparation and properties of methane.
3. Preparation and properties of Acetylene.
4. Preparation of iodoform from alconal
5. Preparation and properties of Acetic acid.
6. Preparation of Acetamide.
7. Preparation of Ethyle ether.
8. Preparation of Nitrobenzene.
9. Preparation of Acetone.
10 Chemical test of aldehyde.
11 Chemical test of Ketone.
12 Preparation of Urea from Ammonium cyanate
13 Preparation of oxalic acid from cane sugar.
14 Preparation of Acetadehyde.
15 Preparation and properties of methyl orange.
16 Preparation of aqueous fermic acid.
17 Preparation of Acetic Anhydride.
18 Preparation of Acetyle chloride.
19 Preparation of Ethyl Amine
20 Preparation of Ethyle benzene
21 Color reactions of protiens
22 Preparation of Ethyl bromide
23 Preparation of Ethyl Acetate
24 Preparation of chloroform from Acetone.
25 Determination of Amino Acids in Proteins.
26 Preparation of Aniline
27 Purification of organic substance by Scxhlet appratus.
28 Reaction and test of Saccharide.
NOTE:- (Each experiment will be conducted in two consective periods)
87
CHT 254 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS -I
T P C
3 3 4
OBJECTICES.
1.Understand manufacturuing procedure employed by modern chemical industries.
2.Understand the operation of the equipment necessary to carry out the chemical reaction on
industrial scale.
3. Prepare the flow sheet diagram of chemical Industries.
4.To present each chemcial industry from the veiw point of statistics of production, consumption
and location in Pakistan.
COURSE CONTENTS.
1. INTRODUCTION (INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS)

1.1Unit operation and unit process, examples Batch process, continious process.
1.2 Flow charts.
2SOFT WATER, HARD WATER, CHEMICALS REPONSIBLE FOR THE HARDNESS OF

WATER.
2.1 Water conditioning
Softening, purification and clarification (definition)
2.2 Ion method
2.3 Sodium cation exchange process
2.4 Mixed bed resins.
2.5 Hydrogen cation exchange process
2.6 Soda lime process (cold soda lime, Hot soda lime process)
2.7 Deaeration of water and its importance.
2.8 Demineralization and desalting of water.
3 CHLORO ALKALI INDUSTRIES.

3.1 Introduction
3.2Manufacture of Soda ash, Raw material, Treatment of raw materials
3.3 Flow chart of solary process
3.4 Unit operations and unit processes.
3.5 Manufacture of Sodium Bicarbonate.
3.6 Flow sheet, unit operations and processes.
3.7 Uses of Sodium carbonate and Sodium bicarbonate.
3.8Manufacture of caustic soda byelectrolysis of NaCl, Pretreatment of NaCl solution.
3.9 Diaphragm cell method.
3.10 Mercury cell method
3.11 Memberane cell method.
3.12 Comparison of the three cell methods.
3.13 By-products of caustic soda manufacture.
3.14 Uses of chlorine and Hydrogen.
3.15 Manufacure of bleaching Powder.
88
3.16 Manufacture of Calcium hypochlorite.
3.17 Manufacture of Sodium hypochlorite
3.18Manufacture of HCl as the by-products of chlorr-alkali industry
3.19 Unit operation and unit process involved.
3.20 Uses of HCl
4 SULPHURIC ACID.
4.1 Formula, uses and importance in industrial developments
4.2 Raw materials
4.3 Brief introduction of Lead Chamber Process.
4.4 Manufacture by contact process. Flow sheet.
4.5 Unit operation and unit process.
4.6 Treatment of vent gass of contact process
4.7 Energy requirements
5 AMMONIA
5.1 Ammonia, uses, economics.
5.2 Manufacture of Ammonia from Natural gas.
5.3Steam natural gas reforming, Primary reforming, Secondary refoming.
5.4 Shift conversion.
5.5 CO2 absorbtion and separation
5.6 Removal of Carbon mono oxide.
5.7 Compression of N2 and H2
5.8 Ammonia synthesis, Ammonia converter (equipment)
5.9 Flow chart
5.11 Liquifaction of Ammonia.
5.12 Storage of Ammonia
5.13 Manufacture of Nitric Acid from Ammonia, flow sheet
6 AMMONIA NITRATE.
6.1 Manufacture of Ammonium Nitrate, Raw material, Flow sheet
6.2 Unit operation and unit processes
6.3 Uses of Ammonium Nitrate, storage.
7 MANUFACTURE OF UREA
7.1 Formula uses, Raw material.
7.2 Flow sheet, Multi-sheet compression.
7.3 Unit operation and unit process.e
7.4 Prilling Tower and Prilling of Urea.
8 MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE

8.1 Uses, Raw material
8.2 Flow sheet
89
9 PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS.
9.1 MAP, DAP formula, uses.
9.2 Raw materials, Processing of phosphate rock
9.3 Flow diagram
10 PORTLAND CEMENT
10.1 Types of portland cement
10.2 Raw material
10.3 Manufacture method, Dry process, wet process
10.4 Flow sheet (wet process)
10.6 Kilra (living and heating zones) reactions.
10.7 Setting and Harding of cement
10.8 Energy requirement of wet and dry process
10.9 Slag cement.
11 LIME
11.1 Lime, formula, uses.
11.2 Calculation of lime stone, unit operation and unit process.
11.3 Slacked lime manufacture.
12 GYPSUM
12.1 Formula, uses, processing of Rock
12.2 Calculation of gypsum, chemical reaction.
12.3 Uses of plaster of paris.
12.4 Harding of plaster
13 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, INTRODUCTION.

13.1 Constituents of petroleum
13.2 Natural gas.
13.3 Liquified Petroleum gas (LPG)
14 REFINING OF PETROLEUM
14.1 Products of refining
14.2 Conversion process, cracking or pyrolysis
14.3 Reforming, catalytic reforming
14.4 Polymerization
14.5 Alkylation.
14.6 Isomenization.
RECOMMANDED BOOK
Chemical process Industries by Shreve
90
CHT 254 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS -I
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 understand unit process
1.1.1 Define unit process
1.1.2 Give examples of nit process
1.1.3 Distinguish unit operation and unit process
1.1.4 Explain continuous process with examdples.
1.1.5 Explain batch process with examples
1.2 Undertstand flow charts
1.2.1 Name types of flow charts.
1.2.2Distinguish between block diagram and symbolic diagram.
1.2.3 Read different flow charts.
2. WATER
2.1 Understand water conditioning
2.1.1 Enlist impurities of water.
2.1.2 Name salts responsible for water hardness
8 2.1.3 Give water softening methods.
2.1.4 Explain water purification
2.1.5 Describe clarifications
2.2 Understand Ion exchange methods
2.2.1 Enlist rasins used for ion exchange method
2.2.2 Describe ion exchange method
2.2.3 Explain regenration of resirs
2.2.4 Give reactions involved in ion exchangje method.
2.3 Understand sodium cation exchange
2.3.1 Enlist uses of soft water.
2.3.2Describe water softening by sodium cation exchange process
2.4 Understand mixed bad resins.
2.4.1 Name mixed bed resins
2.4.2 Explain mixed bed resins refining of water.
2.5 Understand hydrogen cation exchange process
2.5.1 Give formula of hydrogen cation exchange
2.5.2Draw flow sheet diagram for hydrogen-cation exchange process.
2.5.3 Explain hydrogen cation exchange process
2.6 Understand soda lime process and phosphate conditioning
2.6.1 Describe soda line process
2.6.2 Explain cold soda line process
2.6.3 Explain phosphate conditioning.
2.7 Understand de-airation of water.
2.7.1 Define term de-airation
2.7.2 Give the importance of de-airation for boiler water
2.7.3 Explain de-airation methods.
2.8 understand demineraization and de-slating
2.8.1 Enlist minerals in water
91
2.8.2 Describe demineralization
2.8.3 Explain de-salting.
3. CHLORALKALI INDUSTRIES
3.1 Chloralkali industries.
3.1.1 Define chloralkali
3.1.2 Enlist the produts of chloralkali industries.
3.1.3 Enlist the cchloroalkali industries in Pakistan
3.2 understand soda assh manufacture
3.2.1 Name the process of soda ash manufacture
3.2.2Givke raw materials used for soda ash manufacture by solvay process
3.2.3 Define brine solution
3.2.4 Explain purification of brine solution
3.3 Draw flow sheet.
3.2.1Draw flow sheet of solvay process for manufafture of soda ash.
3.2.2 Enlist unit operations of soda ah manufacture.
3.2.3 Explain unit process of soda ah manufacture
3.2.4 Give uses of soda ash.
3.4 Understand sodium bi carbonate manufacture
3.4.1 Give commercial name of sodium bi carbonate
3.4.2Give raw material used for sodium bi carbonate manufacture
3.4.3 Draw flow sheet of sodium bicarbonate manufacture
3.4.4 Enlist unit operation and unit processess
3.4.5Explain unit process of sodium bi carbonate manufacture.
3.4.6 Enlist uses of sodium kbi carbonate
3.5 Caustic soda manufacture.
3.5.1 Give chemical name of caustic soda
3.5.2 name methods of caustic soda manufactiure
3.5.3 Name cells used for caustic soda manufacture
3.5.4 Draw diagram of diaphragm cell
3.5.5Draw flow sheet for the manufacturte of caustic soda using diaphragm cell
3.5.6Name unit operations for caustic soda manufacture by diaphragm cell
3.5.7Explain unit processes for caustic soda manufacture by diaphragm cell
3.5.8 Draw diagram of mercury cell
3.5.9Draw flow sheet for the manufacture of caustic soda by mercury cell
3.5.10Enlist unit operation for manafacture of caustic soda by mercury cell
3.5.11Describe unit processes for manufacture of caustisoda by mercury cell
3.5.12 Draw diagram of membrane cell
3.5.13Draw flow sheet for the manufacture of caustic soda by membran cell
3.5.14Name unit operations for the manufacture of caustic soda by membrane cell
3.5.15Describe nit process for manufacture of caustic soda by mercury cell
3.5.16Give the comparision of the three cells used for caustic soda mamufacture.
3.5.17 Give the by products of caustic soda manufacture.
3.5.18 Illustrate uses of chlorine
3.5.19 Give uses of hydrogan
3.6 Understand bleaching power manufacture
3.6.1Enlist raw materials for bleaching powder manufacture.
3.6.2 Draw flow sheet for dbleaching powder manufacture.
3.6.3 Explain bleaching power manufacture
3.6.4 Name unit operations of bleaching powder manufacture
92
3.6.4Name unit operations of bleaching powder manufacture.
3.6.5 Give uses of bleaching power manufacture.
3.7 Understand clacium hypochlorite manufacture.
3.7.1Describe raw material for the calcium hypochlorite manufacture
3.7.2Draw flow sheet for calcium hyprochylorite manfuacture
3.7.3 Explain calcium bypochlorite manufacture.
3.7.4Give unit operation for calcium hypochlorite manufacture.
3.7.5 Enlist uses of calcium hypochlorite.
3.8 Understand sodium hypochlorite manufacute
3.8.1Give raw materials for soda hypochlorite manufacture.
3.8.2Draw flow sheet for the manufacture of sodium hypochlorite
3.8.3Enlist unit operations for sod hypochlorite manufacture.
3.8.4 Enlsit uses of sod hypochlorite.
3.9 Understad hydrochloric acid manufacture
3.9.1 Define muriatic acid (H cl)
3.9.2 Enlis t methods of manufacture of hhdrochloric aciD
3.9.3Draw flow sheet for hydrochloric acid manufacture by synthesis process.
3.9.4Enlist unit operation for hydrochloric acid manufactiure by symthesis
3.9.5Explain unit process for hydrochlioric acid manufacture by synthesis
3.9.6 Enlist uses of hydrochloric acid
4. SULPHURIC ACID
4.1 understand suplhuric acid manufacture.
4.1.1 Define oil of vitriol (H2SO4)
4.1.2 Give formula of Sulphuric Acid
4.1.3 Give formula of Sulphuric Acid
4.1.4 Enlist uses of sulphuric acid
4.1.5Illustriate importance of suplhuric acid in industrial development
4.1.6 Enlist raw materials for suplhuric acid manufacture
4.1.7 Name methods for sulphuric acid manufacture.
4.1.8Draw flow sheet diagram for suplhuric acid manufacturic manufacture by lead
chamber process.
4.1.9 Enlist unit operations for lead chamber process
4.1.10 Describe unit processof lead camber process.
4.1.11Draw flow sheet for suplhuric acid manufacture by contact process
4.1.12 Enlist unit operation for contact process
4.1.13 Explain unit processes for contact process.
4.1.14 Enlist vent gases of contact process
4.1.15 Illustrate ventgases treatment of contact process.
4.1.16 Give energy requirments for conact process.
5. AMONIA
5.1 Understand amonia and nitric acid manufacture.
5.1.1 Enlist uses of ammonia
5.1.2 Name method used for ammonia manufacture.
5.1.3Give raw materials for Ammonia manufacture by synthesis process.
5.1.4Enlist the steps involved in the manufacture of Ammonia from naltural gas.
5.1.5 Define reforming of naltural gas.
5.1.6 Describe primery reforming
5.1.7 Explain secondary reforming
93
5.1.8 Explain shift conversion
5.1.9 Describe carbon di oxide absoption
5.1.10 Illustrate sepration of carbon di oxide
5.1.11Describe removal of carbon mono oxide before ammonia manufacture.
5.1.14 Draw diagram of Ammonia convertor
5.1.15 Describe unit process of Ammonia convertor
5.1.16Draw flow sheet for Ammonia manufacture from natural process.
5.1.17Describe unit processes involved in ammonia manufacute.
5.1.18 Illustrate liquification of ammonia
5.1.19 Describe storage of liquid ammonia
5.1.10Name the method used for the manufacture of nitiric acid from ammonia.
5.1.21Draw flow sheet for manufacture of nitric acid from ammonia
5.1.22Explain unit operation invloved in nitric acid manufacture.
5.1.23Explain unit processes involved in nitric acid manufacture.
6. AMONIUM NITRIATE.
6.1 Understand ammonium nitrate manufacture
6.1.1Describe raw materials for ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.2 Draw flow sheet for ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.3Enlist unit operations invloved in ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.4Explain unit processes involved in ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.5 Give uses of ammonium nitrate
6.1.6 Explain storage of ammonium nitrate.
7. UREA.
7.1 Understand urea manufacture.
7.1.1 Write formula of urea
7.1.2 Enlist uses of urea
7.1.3 Draw flow sheet for urea manufacture
7.1.4Describe unit operations involved in urea manufacture
7.1.5 Explain unit proccesses involved in urea manufacture
7.1.6 Explain prilling of urea
8 AMONIUM SULPHATE
8.1 Understand amonium sulphate
8.1.1 Enlist uses of ammonium sulphate
8.1.2 Name raw materials for ammonium sulphate manufacture
8.1.3 Draw flow sheet for ammonium sulphate manufacture
8.1.4Give unit operations involved in ammonium sulphate manufacture
8.1.5Describe unit processes involved in ammonium sulphate
9 PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER
9.1 Understand mono ammonium phosphate and di-ammonium phosphate
9.1.1 Gvie formula of mmonoammonium phosphate
9.1.2 Write formula of diammonium phosphate
9.1.3 Enlist uses of ammonium phosphate
9.1.4 Enlist raw materials of ammonium phosphate
9.1.5 Discribe benefication of phosphate rock
9.1.6Draw flow sheet for manufacture of ammonium phosphate
9.1.7Describe unit oprations involved in ammonium phasphate manufacture
94
9.1.8Explain unit process involved in amonium phosphate manufacture
95
10 PORT LAND CEMENT
10.1 Understand portland cement manufacture
10.1.1 Define portland cement
10.1.2 Enlist uses of cement
10.1.3 Enlist raw materials
10.1.4 Name methods of cement manufacture
10.1.5Draw flow sheet for cement manufacture by dry process
10.1.6Describe unit operatons involved in cement manufacture by dry process
10.1.7 Give different zone in rotary kiln
10.1.8Enlist unit operation involved in cement manufacture by wet process
10.1.9Enlist unit operation involved in cement manufacture by semi wet process
10.1.10Distinguish between rotary kiln for dry process and wet process
10.1.11 Illustrate physical properties of clinkers
10.1.12 Explain briefly the function of gypsum in cement
10.1.13 Describe hardening of cement
10.1.14 Name various types of cement
10.1.15 Describe various type of cement
11 LINE
11.1 Understand lime processing
11.1.1 Write formula for lime
11.1.2 Enlist uses of lime
11.1.3 Enlsit unit operation involved in lime processing
11.1.4 Describe Unit processes involved in lime processing
12 GYPSUM.
12.1 Understand gypsum processing
12.1.1 Write formula of gypsum
12.1.2 Enlist uses of gyprum
12.1.3 Describe calcination of gypsum
12.1.4 Enlist uses of plaster
12.1.5 Describe hardening of plaster
13 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
13.1 Understand petroleum industry, ii) Understand L.P.G.
13.1.1 Enlist constituents of petroleum
13.1.2 Give composition of natural gas
0 13.1.3Describe unit operaion and unit processes for processing of natural gas
13.1.4 Define L.P.G.
13.1.5 Draw flow sheet for L.P.G manufacture
13.1.6 Explain steps involved in L.P.G. manufacture
13.1.7 Enlist uses of natural gas
13.1.8 Define refining
13.1.9 Explain refining of petroleum
13.1.10 Enlist petroleum refining produets
96
14 UNIT PROCESSES IN PETROLEIUM
14.1 Understand unit processes involved in petroleum processing
14.1.1 Explain cracking or pyrolysis
14.1.2 Give examples of pyrobysis
14.1.3 Explain reforming
14.1.4 Explain catalytic reforming
14.1.5 Explain pollymenzation
14.1.6 Give examples of polymenzation
14.1.7 Give examples of alleylation
14.1.8 Explain isomenization
14.1.9 Give examples of isomenzation
97
CHT-254 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS-I
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
1. Detection of soft and hard water.

2. Determination of hardness of water.
3. Determination of dissolved oxygen in water.
4. Determination of total chlorides in water.
5. Determination of sulphates contents in water.
6. Determination of carbonates in water.
7. Determination of bicarbonates in water.
8. Determination of iron contents in water.
9. Determination of calcium contents in water.
10. Preparation of Ammonium Nitrate in lab.
11. Preparation of Amminium Sulphate in lab.
12. Purification by crystallization.
13. PH value determination.
14. Preparation of lime by the calcination of lime stone
15 Preparation of plaster of paris from gypsum.
16 Demineralization of water.
98
CHT 263 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
T P C
1 6 3
COURSE CONTENTS.
1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1 Defination Importance in daily life.
Industrial importance.
1.2Types of analysis, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, Volumetric analysis, Gravimetric
analysis.
1.3Instrumental method of analysis, conventional methods of analysis.
2. SAMPLING.
2.1 Sampling techniques for liquid, solid and gas samples.
2.2 Storage of sample.
3. ERRORS IN ANALYSIS.
3.1 Personal errors.
3.2 Determinate errors.
3.3 Interminate errors.
3.4 Detection of errors.
4. ANALYSIS OPERATION.
4.1 Weighing of sample.
4.2 Volume measurement of sample.
4.3 Preparation of sample solution.
4.4 Titration.
4.5 Precipetation.
4.6 Filtration.
4.7 Drying
4.8 Ignition.
5 PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTION.

5.1 Primary standard, secondary standard.
5.2 Standard solution.
5.3 Methods of expression of cencentration.
5.4 Equivalent weight, Molecular weight.
5.5 Calculation of equivalant weight of acids.
Calculation of equivalant weight of bases.
Calculation of equivalant weight of oxidising compounds.
Calculation of equivalant weight of reducing compounds.
5.6 Normal solution and normaltiy
5.7 Molar solution and molarity
5.8 Molal solution ans molality
5.9 Preparation of solutions of different normolities.
Preparation of solution of different molalities.
6MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION FOR THE PREPARATION OF ABOVE SOLUTION

INDICATOR.
6.1 Internal indicator.
99
6.2 External indicator.
6.3 Universal indicator.
6.4Behaviour of different indicators in acidic sols and in basic sols.
6.5Preparation of indicator solution.
(phenolphalein, methvi orange, methyl red, methyl blue, litmus solution, starch
solution, siphenyle amine).
7 VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS.
7.1 Types of volumetric analysis (on the bases of reagent used).
7.2 Acidmetry - alkalimetry.
7.3 Redox - titration.
7.4 Iodometry.
7.5 Iodimetry
7.6 Argentometry.
7.7 Apperatus for volumetric analysis.
7.8Mathematical calculations based on N1V1 = N2V2 and amount per litre =
Normality * eq.wt.
8. GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS.
8.1 Apparatus for gravimatric analysis.
8.2Free water contents, combined water contents (water of crystallization)
8.3 Determination of free and combined water gravimetrically.
8.4 Desicants and use of desicator.
8.5 Gravimetric determination of silver.
8.6 Gravimetric determination of magnesium.
8.7 Gravimetric determination of calcium.
8.8 Gravimetric determination of silica.
8.9 Gravimetric analysis of cement.
9 REPORTING OF ANALYSIS RESULTS.

Percentage.
Gram per liter.
Parts per million (PPM)
Parts per billion (PPM)
100
CHT 263 QUANTITIATIVE ANALYSIS.
1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1 Understand quantitative analysis.
1.1.1 Define quantitiative analysis.
1.1.2 Illustrate importance of quantitative analysis.
1.1.3Distinguish qualitiative analysis and quantitiative analysis.
1.1.4 Explain valumeteric analysis.
1.1.5 Describe gravimeteric analysis.
1.1.6 Define instrumental methods of analysis.
2. SOMPLING.
2.1 Understand sampling.
2.1.1 Define sampling.
2.1.2 Describe methods of sampling.
2.1.3Explain sampling of liquids for liquid, solid and gas liquids.
2.1.4 Illustrate storage of samples.
3 ENRORS IN ANALYSIS.
3.1 Understand errors in analysis.
3.1.1 Enlist errors in analysis.
3.1.2 Explain personal error.
3.1.3 Describe determinate error.
3.1.4 Illustrate indeterminate error.
3.1.5 Detect different errors.
4 ANALYSIS OPERATION.
4.1 Understand analysis operation.
4.1.1 Describe working principle of electric blance.
4.1.2 Explain weighing operation.
4.1.3 illustrate measurement of valume using burette,
pipette and measuring flask.
4.1.4 Prepare sample solution.
4.1.5 Explain Titration.
4.1.6 Describe precipitation.
4.1.7 Explain filteration.
4.1.8 Illustrate drying.
4.1.9 Explain ignition.
5 PREPARATION OF STANDRAD SOLUTION.

5.1 Understand preparation of standrad solution.
5.1.1 Define frimery strandrad.
5.1.2 Define secondary standrad.
5.1.3 Define equivalent weight.
101
5.1.4 Describe standrad solution.
5.1.5 Enlist methods of expression of solution
concentration.
5.1.6 Calculate equivalent weight of different
compounds.
5.1.7 Explain Normal solution.
5.1.8 Explain terms of solution concentration like
normality, molarity and formality.
5.1.9 Prepare solution of different normalities.
5.1.10 Prepare solution of different inolarities.
5.1.11 Calculate normality and inolarity.
6 INDICATOR.
6.1 Understand indicator.
6.1.1 Define indicator.
6.1.2 Distinguish internal indicator.
6.1.3 Describe universal indicator.
6.1.4 Illustrate behaviour of different indicators in
acidic/basic solutions.
6.1.5 Prepare different indicators (like phen
ophthalein, mehtyle orange, starch, litmus
solution and diphenyleamine).
7 VOLUINETERIC ANALYSIS.
7.1 Understand Volumeteric analysis.
7.1.1 Define volumeteric analysis.
7.1.2 Enlist type of reagent based voluineteric
analysis.
7.1.3 Describe acidimetery, alkalyinetery.
7.1.4 Explain redox titrations.
7.1.5 Distinguish Iodoinetery and iodinetery.
7.1.6 Explain argentometery.
7.1.7 Solve problems based on N,V,=N V.
7.1.8 Solve problems based on
Amount/litre=NormalityxEquiralent weight.
8 GRAVIMETERIC ANALYSIS.
8.1 Understand gravimeteric analysis.
8.1.1 Define gravimeteric analysis.
8.1.2 Describe gravimeteric analysis apparatus.
8.1.3 Calculate free water content.
8.1.4 Calculate water of crystallization.
8.1.5 Explain descator.
8.1.6 Enlist desicants.
8.1.7 Determine.silver from given sample.
8.1.8 Determine magnesium from given sample.
102
9.1.9 Determine calcum from given sample.
9.1.10 Determine silica from given sample.
8.1.11 Analyse cement.
9 REPORTING OF ANALYSIS RESULTS.

9.1 Know analysis results reporting.
9.1.1 Define percentage.
9.1.2 Define gram per liter.
9.1.3 Describe parts per million.
9.1.4 Tell parts per billion.
CHT 263 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS.
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
1. Calibration of
i. Burette
ii. Meacuring cylinder.
iii. Measuring flask
iv. Pipette.
2. Weighing practice on analitical balance.
3. Weighing practice on digital balance.
4.Preparation of N/10 solution nof primary standard Na2CO3, Oxalic Acid)
5Calculation method for preparation of N/10 (approximate) SOl of secondary standard (NaOH, H2SO4).
6.Determination of normality of approximatly prepared solution by titrating against some standard solution.
HCl, H2SO4 and Nowlt sol.
7. Preparation of indicator solution.
i. Phenolphthalene solution.
ii. Methyl orange solution.
iii. Litmus solution.
iv. Starch solution.
v. Dephenyle amine.
8. Determination of equivalent wieht if an egainci acid (oxalic acid)
9. Determination of acetic acid in venger.
10. Determination of oljaline value of soda ash.
11.Determination of percentage of NaOH and Na2CO3 in the mixture of two base.
12. Preparation of (approx) M/20 KMnO4 solution.
13. Standarizing the M/20 KMnO4 solution
14. Determination of iron contents in iron wire.
15. Determination of Fe+2 and Ve=3 in the iron salt.
16. Redoxtitration using external indicator.
17. Redoxtitration using internal indicator.
18. Standarization of 0.1 N iodine solution with Na2S2O3 sol.
19. Standarization of Ba2S2O3 sol versas a known iodine sol.
103
20. Determination of antimory in antimory salt.
21. Determination of available chlorine in bleaching powder.
22. Determination of chlorine in soluble salt by volhards, method.
23.Estimation of chloride in a given sample of nael by AgNO3 by using moters methods.
24.Gravimetric determination of free water (moisture contents) and combined water (water crystallization)
25. Analysis of cement.
i. Determination of percentage loss on igrition.
ii. Determination of percentage of total silica.
iii. Determination of percentage of insoluble residue.
iv. Determination of percentage of moisture contents.
v. Determination of percentage of calcium contents.
vi. Determination of percentage magresium contents.
26. Analysis of copper.
27. Analysis of tin
28. Analysis of lead.
104
CHT 271 SAFETY PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE.
T P C
1 0 1
OBJECTIVES.
1.To acquant students with causes of accidents in industry and instruct them how to eliminate
hazards.
2.To train students in a fundamentals of fire protection.
3.To introduce students to the fundamentals of first aid.
4.To promote in students and understanding of value of plants layout for safe performance.
5.To provide the students ready reference of outstanding accepted safe standards, codes and
technical aids.
COURSE CONTENTS.
1. Introduction to safety and its place in industry.
2. Accidents and accident costs.
3. Analyzing causes of accidents.
4. Fundamentals of accident prevention.
5.Industrial noise nad its controll, illumination for safety and comfort.
6. Industrial negieneand planad sanitation.
7. Personnel protective equipment.
8. Types of firehazards and causes.
9. Fire fighting equipments with identification symbols.
10. Plant layout for fire safety
11. Importance of plant maintenance and house keeping safety.
12. Plant inspection and safety inventory.
13. Accidents and their prevention in:
i. Mines Coal and salt mines.
ii. Petrolium industry.
iii. Paint industry and paint shops.
iv. Paper and board mills.
v. Prining industry.
vi. Food processing industry.
vii. Vegitable oil and soap industry.
viii Acid industry. (H2SO4, HNO3, Hcl)
ix. Caustic alkali industry.
x. Fertilizers (Ammonia, Urea, Nitrate) industry.
14 Plastic and fiber industry.
15. Power plants.
16. Antidotes od different chemicals.
17. First aid, Extended medical services.
18.Employees training in safe practices, methods of promoting safety. With special attention on
women and employees.
19. Accident investigation, Record and report.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED.
1. Industrial Accident prevention.
105
2. Pakistan Labour.
106
CHT 271 SAFETY PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Understand safety in chemical industry.
1.2 Understand philosophy of accidents.
1.1.1 Define accident
1.1.2 Enlist various types of accidents.
1.1.3 Explain accident analysis
1.1.4Explain master sheet and work sheet of accident analysis.
1.1.5 Name remedial/prevention measures.
1.1.6 Explain facts in selection preventions
1.1.7 Describe causes of attach
1.1.8Explain preventive measures in chemical industries, like
petroleum, paints, paper and board printing industries.
Food processing
Vegetable oils and Ghee
Acid and ackali industry
Fertilizers urea, Ammonia Ammonium Nitrate
Plastics and Fibre Industry
Power plants
2 ACCIDENT COST
2.1 Understand Accident cost.
4 0ious types of accidents in various chemical industry.
2.1.3 Explain laws of the cost of accidents
2.1.4 Describe location where accident has occurred, like
At work place
Running machinery
Reaction vessab/Roactors
2.1.5 Explain management role of reliance
2.1.60Differentiate the responsibility of safety engineer and supervisor.
2.1.7 Explain degree of responsibility.
2.1.8Explain the use of Gloves, Apron, Goggles and masks in health hazardous
atmosphere(Antidotes of chemical)
2.1.9 Calculate cost of lost of time of (n) used employee.
2.1.10Commute in terms of money cost of time lost by other employees who stop work
2.1.11Calculate the cost of time spent by first aid attendant and hospital department staff.
2.1.12 Explain Insurance rules for various injuries like
Loss of nail of a finger
Cuts on hands and face
Slips and falls
Handling of toxic material
Miscellaneous operations and calculate compensation medical cost on the vasis of
set formula
3 EMPLOYEES TRAINING
3.1 Understand training of employees.
3.1.1 Define training and education of an employee.
107
3.2.2 Explain safety educational method
3.3.3 Enlist various methods of training and education.
3.4.4 Describe planned training with examples.
3.5.5Differentiate between, education training and supervision of an employee.
3.6.6Explain safety organization(Industry) as educational medium to avoid accidents for
women workers.
4 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RECORD AND REPORT

4.1Understand Accident Investigation terminology and maintain record of reports.
4.1.1 Define accident investigation.
4.1.2Describe the accident fully, whether the injured person fell or was struck
4.1.3 Narrate various factors of accident
4.1.4Name the machine, tool, appliance, gas, liquid involved in accident
4.1.5 State of motors, pulley's gears etc.
4.1.6Enlist total number of such accidents occurred in an year.
4.1.7Specify remedial measures in the form of a report such as
Better illumiuation needed.
Better ventilation.
Providing goggles.
Enforcing instruction especially to women/men who work on plant operations.
4.1.8 Explain the importance of training of an employee.
5 INDUSTRIAL NOISE AND CONTROL

5.1 Understand Industrial noise and control.
5.1.1 Define Industrial noise.
5.1.2 Enlist types of noise with frequency.
5.1.3Explain the complexity of noise on worker in a chemical industry.
5.1.4 Describe causes of noise.
5.1.5Explain the relationship of noise to accident and prevention.
5.1.6 Explain noise standards.
5.1.7Describe medical view point on noise and its control.
5.1.8 Explain control medium of noise.
6 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND PLANT SANITATION

6.1 Understand Industrial Hygiene and sanitation.
6.1.1 Define Industrial Hygiene and sanitation.
6.1.2 Name various Hygiene and sanitation methods.
6.1.3Explain all methods and its effect upon accident prevention.
7 FIRE PREVENTION HAZARDS

7.1 Understand fire hazards and prevention.
7.1.1 Define fire hazards.
7.2.2 Enlist types of fires in a chemical Industry.
7.2.3 Name fire fighting and extinguishing equipments.
7.2.4 Explain origin of the fire.
7.2.5Describe fire resistive designs and construction/equipments.
7.2.6 Explain method of fire prevention.
7.2.7Explain the use of fire extinguish and the chemicals it contains.
7.2.8Describe the use of chemical to avoid accidents due to fire.
108
CHT 283 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY T P C
2 3 3
OBJECTIVES.
1.Understand the scientific methods as applied to the development of the laws of chemistry and
physics.
2.Techniques for the control of chemical phenomnon from the study of laws of chemistry and
physics.
3. Acquire the techniques used in analystical methods.
COURSE CONTENTS.
1. THERMOCHEMISTRY.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Exothermic and endothermic reaction.
1.3 Heat of Reaction.
1.4 Factor affecting heat of reaction
1.5 Heat of formation.
1.6 Heat of combustion.
1.7 Application of heat of combustion.
1.8 Heat of Neutralization.
1.9 Hess's law of constant heat sumnation.
2. THERMODYNAMICS.
2.1 First law of thermodynamics.
2.2 Heat changes at constant pressure and at constant volume.
3. SOLUTION.
3.1 Solution, types of solutions.
3.2 Concentration.
3.3 Normality, Normal solution.
3.4 Molarity, Molar solution Molality.
3.5 Percentage composition.
3.6 Properties of solution.
3.7 Electrolytes.
3.8 Definition of solubility.
3.9 Effect of temprature and pressure on solubility.
3.10 Elecvation of boiling point and its applications.
3.11 Depression of freezing point and its applications.
4. COLLOIDAL STATE.
4.1 Preparation of colloidal solutions.
4.2 Properties of coilordat solutions.
4.3 Applicaiton of colloidal chemistry in industry.
5. PHOTOCHEMISTRY.
5.1 Sources of photochemical reactions.
5.2 Photochemical reaction.
109
5.3 Laws of photochemistry.
5.4 Measurement of intensity of Radiation.
5.5 Photosensitisation.
5.6 Photosynthsis.
5.7 Photophysical phenomena.
Luminesense
Phosphorsence.
5.8 Application of photochemistry.
6. ELECTROCHEMISTRY.
6.1 Electrolytes and electrolysis.
6.2 Electrolytes and Ohm's Law.
6.3 Conductivity of electrolytes.
6.4 Faraday's Law of electrolytes.
6.5 Effect of dilution on conductivity.
6.6 Measurement of conductivity.
7. RADIOACTIVITY.
7.1 Natural radioactivity.
7.2 Artifical radioactivity.
7.3 Properties of A-ray.
7.4 Properties of B-rays.
7.5 Properties of R-rays.
7.6 Protons, neutrons omega emmision
7.7 Positrons and other particles discovered.
7.8 Detection and measurement of Radioactivity.
7.9 Nuclear fission and its application.
7.10 Nuclear fussion and its applications.
7.11 Radioactive disintegration series.
7.12 Isotopes with examples.
7.13 Isobars with examples.
8. CHEMICAL KINETICS.
8.1 Velocity of a chemcial reaction.
8.2 Reaction rate and velocity constant.
8.3 Factors which affect reaction ratio
9. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM.
9.1 Law of mass action.
9.2 Equilibrium mixtures and measurement of equilibrium content.
9.3 Hydrolysis of bicarbonates.
9.4Reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol reaction between hydrogen and lodine.
9.5 Applicaiton of equilibrium constant.
9.6 Effect of temprature, pressure, concentration and cataljst.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS.
1. Chemistry for Class XI
Published by Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.
2. Essentials of Physical Chemistry by B.S. Bhal, G.D.Tuli.
110
CHT 283 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1.1 Understand chemis0try
1.1.1 Define thermo chemistry
1.1.2 Distinguish exothermic and endothermic reactions.
1.1.3Give examples of exothermic and endo thermic reactions.
1.1.4 Explain heat of reaction
1.1.5 Enlist factors affecting heat of reaction
1.1.6 Describe heat of formation
1.1.7 Illustrate heat of combustion
1.1.8 Enlist heat of combustion application
1.1.9 Describe heat of nentralization
1.1.10 State Hess's law of constant heat summation
1.1.11 Solve problems based on Hess's law
2 THERMODYNAMICS
2.1 Understand thermodynamics
2.1.1 State first law of thermodynamics
2.1.2 Calculate heat changes at constant volume
2.1.3 Calculate heat change at constant pressure
3 SOLUTION
3.1 Understand solution
3.1.1 Define solution
3.1.2 Give examples of types of solution
3.1.3 Define concentration
3.1.4 Explain normality
3.1.5 Describe molarity
3.1.6 Explain percentage composition
3.1.7 Illustrate properties of solution
3.1.8 Explain electrolysis
3.1.9 Define solubility
3.1.10Describe effect of temprature and pressure on solubility
3.1.11 Explain elevation of boiling point
3.1.12 Enlist elevation of boiling point applicaion
3.1.13 Explain depression of freezing point
3.1.14 Enlist depression of freezing point applications
4 COLLOIDAL STATE
4.1 Understand collidal state
4.1.1 Explain colloidal state
4.1.2 Prepare diifferent colloidal solutions
4.1.3 Describe properties of colloidal solutions
4.1.4 Enlist colloidal chemiistry applicaion in industry
5 PHOTO CHEMISTRY
5.1 Understand photo chemistry
111
5.1.1 Enlist sources of photo chemical radiations
5.1.2 Describe photo chemical reactions
5.1.3 State different laws of photo chemistry
5.1.4Enlist different instruments used to measure intensity of radiations
5.1.5 Describe photos sensitisation
5.1.6 Define photo synthesis
5.1.7 Define luminesence
5.1.8 Explain briefly flouresence
5.1.9 Define phosphoresence
5.1.10 Enlist applications of photo chemistry
6 UNDERSTAND ELECTRO CHEMISTRY

6.1 Describe electrolytes
6.2 State ohm's law
6.3 Describe conductivity of electrolytes
6.4 State faraday's laws of electrolysis
6.5 Explain effect of dilution on conductivity
6.6 Enlist instruments used to measure the conductivity
7 UNDERSTAND RADIOACTIVITY
7.1 Define natural radioactivity
7.2 Define artificial radioactivity
7.3 Enlist properties of alphorays, Beta rays, gamma rays
7.4 Describe particles of atom like proton, neutron, positron
7.5 Explain the method, for radio activity measurement
7.6 Define nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
7.7 Enlist nuclear fission and nuclear fusion application
7.8 Explain radioactive disintegration series
7.9 Give examples of Isobars and Isotopes
8 UNDERSTAND CHEMICAL KINETICS

8.1 Calculate velocity of chemiical kinetics
8.2 Explain reaction rate
8.3 Describe velocity constant
8.4 Enlist factors which effect reaction rate
9 UNDERSTAND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

9.1.1 State law of mass action
9.1.2 Define equiliibrium mixtures
9.1.3 Measure equilibrium constant
9.1.4 Explain hydrolysis of Bicl
9.1.5 Describe reaction between on organic acied and an alcohol
9.1.6 Illustrate reaction between hydrogen and Iodine
9.1.7 Enlist equilibrium constant application
9.1.8Describe effect of temprature, pressure, concentration and catalyst on equilibrium constant
112
CHT 283 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
No. of
Practicals.
1.To weigh the chemicals on an analytical balance (use of sensitive analytical balance) 03
2. To determine the melting point of a given organic compounds. 01
3. To determine the boiling point of a given liquid. 01
4. Determine the specific gravity of the given liquid. 02
5. Determine the viscovity by viscometer (ostwalds viscometer) 02
6. Determine of solubility of common salt at room temperature. 01
7. To separate the mixture by sublimation. 02
8.To obtain alcohol from a mixture of alcohol and water by distillation. 02
9.To determine the equivalent weight of magnescium (To verify the law of constant composition) 02
10.Preparation of standard solution of alkalies and acids e.g NaOH, KOH, ocalic acid
and succinic acid. 04
11.Prepare approximate solution of H2SO4 and determine its exact mormility by titrating
it against standard N/10 NaoH. 02
12. Detemination of surface tension by stalgo meter. 02
-Determination of surfacetension of liquid by using torsion balance.
-Preparation of collodial solution and study the properties of colliodal solution.
-Determination of equilibrium constant and rate of reaction (Ist degree reaction and 2nd degree
reaction).
- Preparation of Neon signs.
113
CHT 293 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - I.
T P C
2 3 3
OBJECTIVES.
1.Apply teh principles of unit operation in chemical engineessing.
2.To apply principales of unit operation in the laboratary work.
3.Know the construction of working of chemical process of equipment related to different
industrial operations, its uses and applications.
COURSE CONTENTS.
1 UNIT OPERATIONS OF CHEMCIAL ENGINEERING

1.1 Flow of fluids,types of fluids.
1.2 Fluids statics, fluds dynamics.
1.3 Mechranisum of fluids flow.
1.4 Reynold's number, significance of Reynold number
1.5 Manometers, types
1.6 `U' tube manometers.
1.7 Inclined and well type manometers.
1.8 Viscosity, units of viscosity.
1.9 Bernouli's theorem.
1.10 Fluids Heads,friction losses
1.11 Friction in pipes, sudden enlargement and contraction losses in fittings
Module
2. MEASUREMENT OF FLUIDS;
2.1 Venturi-meter, orificemeter.
2.2 Rotameters, Pitot tubes & weirs.
2.3 Displacement meters.(i) Disc meter
2.4 (ii) Current mater
3. PUMPS
3.1 Pumps types of pumps.
3.2Pump's terminology i.e. capacity velocity head, suction heads and net positive suction Head,
cavitation
3.3 Centrifergal pumps, types, construction and working
3.4 Construction and working of rotary pumps.
3.5Constrcction and operation of reciprocating pumps i.e. Piston pumps
3.6Plunger Pump, Simplex type, their construction and working principles..
3.7 Theory of compression, compressor selection.
3.8 Construction and working of reciprocating compressor.
3.9 Construction and working of centrifugal compressor.
4. HEAT TRANSFER
4.1 Modes of Heat transfer, fourier law.
4.2 Thermal conductivity, pipe insulation.
114
4.3 Film Coefficient
4.4 Overall heat transfer coefficient.
4.5 Factors affacting heat transfer coefficient.
4.6 Classification of heat exchange equipments.
4.7 Double pipe heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger.
4.8 Floating head heat excangers
4.9 Extended surface heat exchangers and condensers.
5. EVAPORATION.
5.1 Basic principles of evaporation.
5.2 Types of evaporators.
5.3 Construction and operation of
i) Short tube evaporatar
ii) Long tube vertical evaporator.
5.4 Forced circulation upward flow (climbing film) evaporator.
5.6 Constriction and working of.
i) Falling film evaporators.
ii) Agitated film evaporator.
5.7 Eveporator accassor ies.
5.8 Surface condenser, contact condonsers.
5.9 Multiple evaporators.
5.10 Principle economy and capacity.
5.11 Effect o0f boilingpoint elevation.
5.12 Methods of feeding.
5.13 Removal of non-condensed gases
5.14 Removal of condensates, salt removal
6. EVAPORATOR PROBLEMS
6.1 Scale formation and its removal
6.2 Steam table and their use, choice of steam pressure
6.3 Trouble shootings in operation of evaporators, remedies
RECOMMENDED BOOKS.
1.I. M. Coulson and J. H. Richardson Introduction to Chemical Engineering
2. A. H. Perry Chemical Engineering Hand Book
115
CHT 293 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - I
T P C
2 3 3
1.1 THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE UNIT OPERATIONS

1.1.1 Define unit operation and unit process
1.1.2 Give exammples of unit operatios
1.1.3 Give examples of unit process
1.1.4 Explain basic laws (law of material balance law of energy balance ) of chemical energy
1.1.5Differentiate between steady state and non stesdy state systems
2.1 UNDERSTAND THE FLUID

2.1.1 Define fluid
2.1.2 Give types of fluid
2.1.3 differentiate between newtonion and non newtonian fluids
2.1.4 Give examples of the two types of fluids
2.2 UNDERSTAND THE FLUID PRESSURE

2.2.1 Define fluid statics
2.2.2 Develop a relatinship to calculate the pressure exerted by liquid column
2.3 UNDERSTAND THE MANOMETER

2.3.1 Define manometer
2.3.2 Give the types of manometers
2.3.3 Explain the construction and working of simple manometer(u-tube manometer)
2.3.4 Explain the construction and working of differential
manometer
2.3.5 Explain the construction and working of inclined tube
manometer
2.3.6 Calculate pressune drop from manometer readings
2.4 UNDERSTAND THE FLUID DYNAMICS

2.4.1 Define fluid dyamics
2.4.2 Explain the mechanism of fluid flow by Reynold experiment
2.4.3 Differentiate between laminar flow and turbulent flow
2.4.4 Explain Renolds number
2.4.6 Differentiate between point velocity, maximum volocity and mean velocity of the flowing fluid
2.5 UNDERSTAND THE VISCOSITY

2.5.1 Define viscosity
2.5.2 Explain the units of viscosity
2.5.3 Calculate the viscosity of fluids by using hagen poiscuille equation
2.6 UNDERSTAND BERBOULLI'S THEOREM

2.6.1 Explain bernoulli's theorem
116
2.6.2 Develop a mathematical equation for bernoulli's theorem
2.6.3 Explain fluid heads
2.6.4 Calculate the H.P of the pump required to pump the liquid from station A & B , by using
bernoull's equatoin
2.7 UNDERSTAND FIRCTION LOSSES

2.7.1 Enlist different kinds of fiction losses
2.7.2 Calculate the head loss due firction in pipes
2.7.3 Calculate the head loss due to sudden enlengement
2.7.4 Calculate the head loss due to sudden contraction
2.7.5 Explain the losses in fittings in terms of equivalent pipe length
2.8 UNDERSTAND THE MEASUREMENT OF DISCHARGE OF FLUIDS

2.8.1 Enlist the equipments used for the measurement of flow rate of fluids
2.8.2 Explain the construction and working of orifice meter
2.8.3 Explain the methods of installation of an orifcie meter
2.8.4 Explain athe construction and working of venturimeter
2.8.5 Give comparison between orifice meter and venturimeter
2.8.6 Explain the construction and working of pilot take
2.8.7 Explain the construction and working of rotameter
2.8.8 Explain the construcion and working of weirs
3.1 UNDERSTAND THE TERMINOLOGY OF PUMPS

3.1.1 Define pump
3.1.2 Define pump capacity
3.1.3 Explain suction head
3.1.4 Explain net positive suction head
3.1.5 Explain discharge head
3.1.6 Explain velocity head
3.1.7 Explain pump efficiency
3.2 UNDERSTAND THE TYPES OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

3.2.1 Define positive displacement pump
3.2.2 Explain the classification of positive displacement pumps
3.2.3 Explain the construcion and working of a reciprocating pump (piston pump)
3.2.4 Explain the constructon and working of a plunger pump
3.2.5 Explain the construction and working of diaphragm pump
3.2.6 Explain the construction and working of a gear pump
3.2.7 Explain the construction and working of cycloidal pump
3.3UNDERSTAND THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF

CENTIFUGAL PUMPS
3.3.1 Define centifugal pump
3.3.2 Give the classification of centifugal pumps
3.3.3 Explain the construcion and working of a volute pump
3.3.4 Explain consitation in a c.f pump
117
3.3.5 Explain priming of a c. f pump
3.3.6 Explain and thrust in a c. f pump
3.3.7 Explain the construction of a turbine pump
3.4 UNDERSTAND THE SELECTION METHOD OF A PUMP

3.4.1 Enlist the facors that are to be considered in the selection of a pump
3.4.2Give comparision between centifugal pump and reciprocating pump
3.4.3 Enlist the pump loses
4.1 UNDERSTAND THE BLOWERS

4.1.1 Define blower
4.1.2 Explain the construction and working of cycloidal blower
4.1.3 Explain the construction and working of nash hytor
4.1.4 Explain the construction and working of centifugal blower
4.2 UNDERSTAND THE COMPRESSAS

4.2.1 Define compressor
4.2.2 Explain the working principle of reciprocating compressor
4.2.3 Explain the working principle of centrifugal compressor
4.2.4 Enlist the factors one should consider while selecting a compressur
5.1 UNDERSTAND MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER

5.1.1 Define heat
5.1.2 Enlist modes of heat transfer
5.1.3 Explain conduction
5.1.4 Explain convection
5.1.5 Explain radiation
5.1.6 Give examples of the three cmodes of heat transfer
5.2 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO CONDUCTION

5.2.1 State fouriers law of heat conduction
5.2.2 Give mathematical form of fouriers law
5.2.3 Explain thermal conductivity
5.2.4 Give units of thermal conductivity
5.2.5 Explain the effect of thermal conductivity
5.2.6 Develop a formula to calculate heat flow through compound resistance in flat wall
5.2.7 Develop a formula to calculate heat flow through
cylinderical wall
5.2.8 Calculate heat loss through a flat furnace wall
5.2.9 Calculate heat loss through a cylinderical furnace wall
5.2.10 Calculate the thickness of insulation layer on a hot pipe
5.3 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO CONVECTION

5.3.1 State newtons law of heat convection
5.3.2 Explain film co-efficients
5.3.3 Develop an equation for overall heat transfer co efficent by combining film co-efficients
118
5.3.4 Give the factors effecting overall heat transfer co-
efficient
5.3.5 Calculate the overall heat transfer co-efficient when film co-efficients are given
5.4 UNDERSTNAD TEMPERATURE DROP IN FLOWING FLUIDS

5.4.1 Differentiate between co-current flow and counter current
flow
5.4.2 Calculate temperature in parallel flow
5.4.3 Calculate temperature drop in counter current flows
5.4.4 Calculate mean temperature difference
5.4.5 Calculate log meam temperature difference
5.5 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO CONDUCTION

5.5.1 State stefan boltzman law of heat radiation
5.5.2 Explain black body
5.5.3 Explain grey body
5.5.4 calculate the heat transfere by radiation
5.6 UNDERSTAND HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENTS

5.6.1 Define heater
5.6.2 Define heat exchanger
5.6.3 Give the classification of heat exchangers
5.6.4 Explain the construction and working of pipe heat exchanger
5.6.5 Explain the construction and working of tubular (shell and tube) heat exchanger
5.6.6 Explain the constuction and working of floating head heat exchanger
5.6.7 Explain the finned tubes heater
6.1 UNDERSTNAD DIFFERENT TYPES OF EVAPORATORS

6.1.1 Define evaporation
6.1.2 Enlist types of evaporators
6.1.3 Explain construction and working of horizontal tube
evaporator
6.1.4 Explain construction and working of short tubesevaporator
6.1.5 Explain construction and working of long tubes evaporator
6.1.6 Explain construction and working of climbing film
evoporator
6.1.7 Explain consturcion and working of falling film evaporator
6.2 UNDERSTAND EVAPORATOR ACCESSORIES

6.2.1 Define evaporator accessories
6.2.2 Enlist evaporator accessories
6.2.3 Enlist different types of condenser
6.2.4 Explain the working of a contact condenser
6.2.5 Explain the construction and working of a steam ejector
6.2.6Explain the construction and working of an entrainment separator
119
6.3 UNDERSTNAD MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR
6.3.1 Explain basic principle of multiple effect evaporation
Expain construction and working of a tiple effect
evaporator
Enlist the methods of feeding
Explain forward feeding method
Explain backward feeding method
Explain mixed feeding method
Explain economy and capacity of a multiple effect
evaporator
6.4 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO EVAPORATOR

6.4.1 Explain the use of steam table
6.4.2Calculate the amount of steam required for evaporating a given feecd to a desired
concentration in a single effect evaporator
6.5 UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEMS OF EVAPORATORS

6.5.1 Explain the effect of noncondensed gases and their removal
Explain scale formation, its effects and removal
Explain trouble shootings in the operation of evaporator
and their remedies
120
CHT 293 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - I.
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
1. Introduction to the unit operation laboratory.

2.Study the operating characteristics and performance of a centrifugal type pump. Dismental and
assemble centrifugal pump.
3.Caliberate a storage tank to obtain weight and volume relationship per unit height and study of
important values used in chemical industry.
4.Prepare a graph of co-efficient of discharge of an orifice vs Reynold number.
5. Make flow measurement by venturimeter.
6. Measurement of friction in pipes.
7. Determine the efficiency if a boiler.
8.Determine overall heat transfer co-efficient from hot gases and to note the effect of stirring on overall
heat transfer co-efficient.
9.Determine the heat boxes from a steam pipe and observe the effect of lagging.
9.To determine the overall heat transfer and efficiency of equipment examplified by the preheater and
condenzer of a climbing and falling film type evaporator when
a) Feed rate is constant.
b) Steam pressure is constant.
121
Third Year
Mgm-311 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RELATIONS.
Total Contact Hours T P C

Theory 32 1 0 1
AIMSThe study of this subject will enable the student to develop the management skill, acquaint
him with the principles of management and human relations and develop psychological
approach to solve the labour problems.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY. 2 Hours

1.1 History and definition.
1.2 Nature and scope.
2. LEADERSHIP 1 Hour
2.1 Definition and types.
2.3 Qualities of a good leader.
3. MOTIVATION 2 Hours
3.1 Definition.
3.2 Types (Financial and non financial motives).
3.3 Conflict of motives.
4. MORALE 1 Hour
4.1 Importance.
4.2 Development.
4.3 Measurement.
5. HUMAN ENGINEERING. 1 Hour

5.1 Importance of human factor in industry.
5.2 Man-machine system.
5.3 Strategy for making allocation decisions.
6. INDUSTRIAL FATIGUE AND BOREDOM. 2 Hours

6.1 Definition and distinction.
6.2 Psychological causes.
6.3 Objective causes.
6.4 Prevention
122
7. INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 2 Hours
7.1 Psychological causes.
7.2 Objective causes.
7.3 Prevention
8. INDUSTRIAL PREJUDICE 2 Hours

8.1 Causes
8.2 Remedies
9. PUBLIC RELATIONS. 2 Hours

9.1 Importance
9.2 Functions
10. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 2 Hours

10.1 Importance
10.2 Choice of job.
10.3 During service.
11. JOB EVALUATION 2 Hours

11.1 Importance
11.2 Methods
11.3 Job satisfaction
11.4 Work simplification.
12. INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT 2 Hours

12.1 Introduction
12.2 Functions of management.
12.3 Subdivisions of management
12.4 Objectives of industrial management.
13. PERSONNEL SELECTION. 2 Hours

13.1 Recruitment of employees.
13.2 Training.
13.3 Effects of training on production and product cost.
14. WORKING CONDITIONS. 2 Hours

14.1 Importance and consideration.
14.2 Effects on efficiency and per unit cost.
15. TIME AND MOTION STUDY. 3 Hours

15.1 Concept and importance.
15.2 Sequence of motion study.
123
15.3 Principles of motion study.
15.4 Steps to time study.
15.5 Determination of operations time.
16. QUALITY CONTROL. 2 Hours

16.1 Concept and advantages
16.2 Methods.
124
17. ROLE OF FOREMAN IN MANAGEMENT. 2 Hours
17.1 Foreman's abilities.
17.2 Duties and functions.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1C.S. Meyers, Industrial Psychology, Oxford University Press, London.
2. Smith Wakley, Psychology of Industrial Behaviors, Mc-Graw Hill, New York.
3. Ghulam Hussain, Nizamat-e-Sanaat Aur Insani Rawabat, Ilmi Kitab
Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
4. Andrew R. Megill, The Process of Management William M New Man.
5. Richard N Omen, Management of Industrial Enterprises.
125
Mgm-311 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RELATIONS.
At the completion of this course, the students will be able to:
1. KNOW INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY.

1.1 Describe brief history if industrial psychology.
1.2 Describe in detail definition of industrial psychology.
1.3 State nature and scope of industrial psychology.
2. KNOW LEADERSHIP.
2.1 Define leadership.
2.2 Describe types of leadership.
2.3 State qualities of a good leader.
3. UNDERSTAND MOTIVATION.
3.1 Define motivation.
3.2 Describe financial and non financial motives.
3.3 Explain conflict of motives.
4. KNOW MORALE.
4.1 State importance of morale.
4.2 Describe development of morale.
4.3 State the method of measurement of morale.
5. UNDERSTAND HUMAN ENGINEERING.

5.1 Explain importance of human engineering in the industry.
5.2 Explain man-machine system.
5.3 Explain strategy for making allocation decisions.
6. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL FATIGUE AND BOREDOM.

6.1Define fatigue and boredom.
6.2 Describe psychological causes of fatigue and boredom.
6.3 Describe objective causes of fatigue and boredom.
6.4 Explain measures to prevent fatigue and boredom.
7. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS.

7.1 Explain psychological causes of industrial accidents.
7.2 Explain objective causes of industrial accidents.
7.3 Explain measures to prevent industrial accidents.
126
8. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL PREJUDICE.
8.1Define prejudice
8.2 Explain causes of industrial prejudice.
8.3 Explain remedies of industrial prejudice.
9. UNDERSTAND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS.

9.1 Explain importance of public relations.
9.2 Explain functions of public relations.
10. UNDERSTAND THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING.

10.1 State importance of guidance and counselling.
10.2 Explain the role of guidance and counselling in choosing the job.
10.3Describe help of guidance and counselling during service.
11. UNDERSTAND JOB EVALUATION.

11.1 Explain importance of job evaluation.
11.2 Explain methods of job evaluation.
11.3 Explain job satisfaction.
11.4 Explain work simplification.
12. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT.

12.1 Define management.
12.2 State functions of management.
12.3 Enlist subdivision of management.
12.4 Explain objectives of industrial management.
13. UNDERSTAND TRAINING AND ITS EFFECTS.

13.1 Describe the recruitment procedure of employees in an industrial concern.
13.2 Explain training.
13.3 Identify the kinds of training.
13.4 Explain the effects of training on production and product cost.
14. UNDERSTAND THE EFFECT OF WORKING CONDITION ON EFFICIENCY.

15.1 Explain importance of working condition.
15.2 Describe air-conditioning, ventilation, lighting and noise.
15.3 State the effects of good working conditions on efficiency
and per unit cost.
15. UNDERSTAND TIME AND MOTION STUDY.

15.1 Explain the concept.
15.2 Describe the importance of work study.
15.3 Explain the sequence of motion study.
127
15.4 State the principles of motion study.
15.5 Describe the steps for carrying out time study.
15.6 Explain the method of determination of operations time.
128
16. UNDERSTAND THE METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL.
16.1 Define quality control
16.2State the advantages of quality control.
16.2Explain methods of quality control.
17.UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF FOREMAN IN AN INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKING.

17.1 Explain ability of the foreman.
17.2 Enlist duties of foreman.
17.3 Describe functions of foreman as middle management.
129
CHT 314 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS.
T P C
2 6 4
COURSE CONTENTS.
1. INTRODUCTION. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS.

1.1 Light and its properties.
1.2 Radiant energy.
1.3 Mathematical calculation by E=Lc/t
1.4 Numerical.
2. COLORIMETRY.
2.1 Fundamental law of colorimetry.
2.2 Bouger's Law , Bear's Law.
2.3 Failures of Bouger, Bear's Law.
2.4 Photo electric colorimetry.
2.5 Barrier layer cell construction and working.
2.6 Photo emissive tube construction and working.
2.7 Photo meter.
2.8 Single beam photo meter. Construction and working.
2.9 Double beam photo meter. Construction and working.
2.10 Bouger, Bear's law applied to photo electric calorimetry.
3. FLORESCENCE, PHOTO SCENES (DEFINITION, APPLICATION.)

3.1 Fluorescence methods for the Fluorescence development.
3.2 Relationship between florescent intensity and concentration.
3.3 Filter flourometer.
3.4 Construction, operating parts and working.
4. TURBIDIMETRY AND NEPHELOMETRY.

4.1 Application.
4.2 Nephelometer
4.3 Construction and working.
4.4 Tubidimeter, its construction and working.
5. SPECTOR PHOTO METRY.

5.1 Spectrum of light, visible spectra.
5.2 Ultra violet spectra.
5.3 Infrared spectra.
5.4 Absorption spectra, emission spectra.
5.5 Molecular structure, origin of spectra.
5.6 Specto photo meter.
130
5.7 Construction and working of a spectro photo meter.
5.8 Ultra violet spectro photo meter.
5.9 Construction and working parts.
5.10 Infrared spectro photo meter.
5.11 Construction and working parts.
6. FLAME PHOTO METRY.

6.1 Definition, application.
6.2 Flame photo meter.
6.3 Parts of flame photo meter.
6.4 Flow meter.
6.5 Atomise Burner.
6.6 Parts of flame photo meter (continued).
6.7 Optical system.
6.8 Photo sensitive detector.
6.9 Recording equipment.
6.10 Commercial flame photo meter.
6.11 Construction and working.
7. REFRACTIVE INDEX AND REFRACTOMETERY.

7.1 Effect of temperature.
7.2 Application.
7.3 Refractometer.
7.4 Abbe's refracto meter, construction and working.
7.5 Fishen refractometer, construction and working.
8. POLARIMETRY.
8.1 Optical active material, optical activity.
8.2 Phase polarized light.
8.3 Low rotatory dextro rotatory.
8.4 Calculation of optical rotation.
8.5 Specific rotation.
8.6 Polarimeter, construction and working.
8.7 Construction of analyzer and polarizer prisms.
9. ANEMOMETER: METHODOLOGY:
9.1 Amperometer, construction and working.
9.2 Metal Micro Electrode.
10. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY.

10.1 Definition.
10.2 Principle of gas chromotography.
131
10.3 Study of gas Ghromotography instrument (gas chromotography)
essential parts.
11. POTENTIOMETRY: ELECTRODE POTENTIAL

11.1 E.M.F. of a cell.
11.2 Indicating electodes, reference.
11.3 Elecrode colomel, electrode.
11.4 Glass electrode, hydrogen electrode.
12. PH VALUE: P,OH VALUE.

12.1 Application of PH measurement
12.2 PH meter.
12.3 Construction working.
12.4 Buffer solution.
12.5 Properties of buffer solution.
12.6 Buffer capacity, Dilution value.
12.7 Standard Buffer solution.
12.8 Preparation of standard buffer solution.s
12.9 Measurement of PH value.
12.10 Colorimetric determination of PH value.
12.11 Ph paper methods, indicator method.
12.13 By direct reading PH meter.
13. ELECTROLYSIS, APPLICATIONS.

13.1 Equipment for electrolysis.
13.2 Electrolysis, analyzer and its parts.
13.3 Reactios on anode and cathode.
13.4 Separation of metals by electrolysis (Procedure).
13.5 Faraday's Laws of electrolysis.
13.6 Numericals.
14. CONDUCTIVITY AND CONDUCTOMETRY.

14.1 Conductivity cell, cell constant.
14.2 Conductivity bridge.
14.3 Measurement of sp.cond equivalent cond.
14.4 Mol. conductivity.
RECOMMENDED BOOK:
1. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by, Willand, H.N. Meriit and
Dean J.A.
132
CHT 314 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Student will be able to understand the instrumental method
of analysis
1.1.1 Define instrumental method of analysis
1.1.2 give 4 merits of I.M.A.
1.1.3 Enlist the demerits of I.M.A.
1.1.4 Name different I.M.A.
2 LIGHT
2.1 Understand light
2.1.1 Define light
2.1.2 Enlist different properties of light
2.1.3 Explain different properties of light
2.2 Understand radiant energy
2.2.1 Define radient energy
2.2.2Give different units for the measurement of wave length
2.2.3 Calculate radient energy by using the formula E=hc
3 COLORIMETRY
3.1 Understand colorimetry
3.1.1 Define colorimetry
3.1.2 Define transmittance and absorbance
Enlist photometric laws
Define bouge's law
Define beer's law
Give conditions for which bouger-Beer's law hold Give
conditions in which bough beer's law fail
3.2 Understand photo electric coloumetry
3.2.1 Define photo electric coloumetry
Enlist different photo decteetors
Explain the construction and working of photo call
(Barrier layer cell)
Explain the construction and working of photo tube
3.3 Understand photo meter
3.3.1 Define photometer
Explain the working of single beam photometer
Explain the working of double beam photometer
Give compansion of the two photometers
Calculate the concentration of sample sol from photometer readings by using
bouger-Beer's law equation
4 PHOTO LUMINISEENCE
4.1 Understand photo lumini sence
4.1.1 Define photo luminiseence
4.1.2 Give examples of photo luminiscence
133
4.1.3 Differentiate between Flourescence and luminisence.
4.1.4 Explain the methods of making Flourescence spectum
4.1.5Develop a relationship between Flourescence intensity and concentration
4.2 Understand Flourometer
4.2.1 Define Flourometer
4.2.2 Draw working diagram of filter Flourometer
4.2.3 Draw working diagram of specto flourometer
4.2.4Explain the function of operating parts of flourometer
5 TURLIDIMETRY AND NEPHLOMETRY

5.1 Understand turbidimetry and Nephlometry
5.1.1 Define turbidihmetry
5.1.2 Define Nephlometry
5.1.3 Give industrial applications of turbidimetry
5.1.4 Explain the construction and working of turbidimeter
5.1.5 Explain the construction and working of Nephlometer
6 SPECTRO PHOTOMETRY
6.1 Understand spectro photometry
6.1.1 Define spectrophotometry
6.1.2 Define dispersion of light
6.1.3 Explain spectrum of light
6.1.4 Explain visible spectra UV-spectra IR-spectra
6.1.5Explain Absolition spectra, emission spectra, molecular spectra and origin
of spectra
6.2 Understand spectro photometer
6.2.1 Enlist essential parts of spectro photometer
6.2.2 Draw working diagram of spectro-photometer
6.2.3 Explain the working of spectro-photometer
6.2.4Explain construction and working of UV-spectro photometer
6.2.5Explain construction and working of IR-spectro photometer
7 FLAME PHOTOMETRY
7.1 Understand flame photometry
7.1.1 Define flame photometry
7.1.2 Give applications of flame photometry
7.1.3 Enlist essencial parts of flame photometer
7.1.4Explain construction and working of a commercial flame photometer
8 REFRACTOMETRY
8.1 Understand ref4ractometry
8.1E.1 Explain refraction of light
Explain refractive index
Explain the effect of temperature on refractive index
Define refractometry
Give applications of refractometry
Explain the construction and working of Abbe's refractameter
Explain the construction and working of fisher refractometer
9 POLARIMETRY
134
9.1 Understand polarimetry
9.1.1 define plane polarised light
9.1.2 Define optical active material and optical activity
9.1.3Define levo rotatory material and dextro rotatory material
9.1.4 Give examples of optical active materials
9.1.5Calculate specific rotation by using the formula [x]=100x
9.1.6 Draw working diagram of polarimeter
9.1.7 Enlist parts of a polarimeter
9.1.8Explain the function of different parts of polarimeter
10 AMPEROMETRY
10.1 Understand amperometry
10.1.1 Define amperometry
10.1.2 Explain methodology of amperometry
10.1.3 Explain the construction and working of amperometer
10.1.4Explain the construction and working of metal micro electrode
11 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
11.1 Understand gas chromatography
11.1.1 Define gas chromatography
11.1.2 Explain principle of gas chromatography
11.1.3 Draw working diagram of gas
11.1.4 Chromatograph
11.1.5 Enlist essential parts of gas chrometograph
11.1.6 Enlost different delectors used
11.1.7 Explain the construction and working of detectors
(a) Conductivity detctor
(b) Thermal conductivity detechtor
(c) Flame conijation detctor
(d) Density box detector
12 POTENTIOMETRY
12.1 Understand potentiometry
12.1.1 Define potentiometry
Explain electrode polential
Explain e.m.f. of a cell
Calculate e.m.f. of a cell
Differentiate between indicating electrode and refrence electrode
Enlist different refrence electrodes
Explain the construction and working of
(a) hydrogen electrode
(b) Glass electrode
(c) Calomal electrode
(d) Antimony electrode
13 PH-VALVE AND BUFFER SOLUTION

13.1 Understand PH-Valve
13.1.1 Define PH-Valve
Define POH-Volve
Enlist applications of PH-measurement
135
13.2 Understand Buffer solution
13.2.1 Define Buffer solution
13.2.2 Give properties of Buffer solution
13.2.3 Explain Buffer capacity Buffering valve
13.2.4 Explain dilution valve
13.2.5 Explain the preparation of standard Buffer
solution
13.3 Understand measurement of PH-Valve
13.3.1 Explain colorimetric dela mination of PH-Valve
(a) PH-paper method
(b) Indicator method
(c) Pocket comparator method
13.3.2Explain the construction and working of direct reading PH-metic
14 UNDERSTAND ELECTROLYSIS
14.1 Define electrobyte
Define Electrolysis
Give applications of electrolysis
Draw a sketch to show the essential parts of
electrolytic analyzer
Explain the reaction at anode
Explain the reaction at cathode
Explain the procedure of separation of metals by electrolysis
Explain faradoys laws of electrolysis
Calculate the amount of material deposited by electrolysis(1st law based calculations)
Calculate the chemical eqivalent of given material by electrolytic method(2nd law based
calculations)
15 UNDERSTAND CONDUCTOMETRY
15.1.1 Define Resistance and conductivity
Define specific resistance
Define specific cond, equivalent cond and mobcular conductance
Give the units of resistance and of conductance
Explain the construction of conductivity cell
Calculate cell constent
Explain the construction and working of conductivity bridge
Describe the measurement of conductivity
136
CHT 314 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS.
LIST OF PRACTICALS.
1.Study of reflection, refraction, dispersion of light.

2.Determination of Ammonia in water by Nessler reagent in colorimetry.
3. Determination of chlorine in water by visual colorimeter.
4.Determination of concentration of CUSO4 sample by visual colorimeter.
5.Determination the absorbance of transmittance for different concentration of coloured
solution.
6.Study the effect of wave length on the absorption of light by coloured solution.
7. Draw a concentration and absorption curve for colured solutions.
8.Colorimetric determination of Nickel with Dimethyloxime (Nephlometry).
9. Determination of PO4 and SO4 contents by using Nephlometer.
10.Determination of Manganese in steel by using spectonoic 21 (auto-recording).
11. Study and operaion of flame photometer.
12. Setting of flame by using controlling instruments.
13.Measurement of refractive index of various liquid by using Abbe Refractometer and Fisher
Refractometer.
14. Determination of calcium, sodium Potassium by using Photometer.
16. Determination of specific rotation of optical active materials.
17.Determination of concentration of sourse solution by using polarimeter.
18. Determination of Ph value of industrial samples by:
i. Indicating method.
ii. PH paper method.
iii. Pocket comperator method.
iv. PH meter (Director reading).
19. Electrplating.
20. Verification of faraday law.
21.Measurement of cell constant, sp. conductivity, equivalent conductivity, molecular
conductivity by using conductivity bridge.
22. Analysis of flue gases by using orset apparatus.
23. Study of gas chromatography.
24. Study of U-V spectro photometer.
Note: Class teacher can change the Practicals in accordance with the National and Industrial
need and the availability of instruments . In this connection he will get guidance
from head of department.
137
CHT 324 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS II
T P C
3 3 4
OBJECTIVES
1.Understand important manufacturing proccdure employed by modern chemicl Industries.

2.Use the equipments necessary to carry out chemical reaction on industrial scale.
3. To give to the students of the flow sheet diagram.
4.Understanding Chemical industry from the viewpoint of statistics of producation consumption and
location in Pakistan
COURSE CONTENTS.
1. OILS FATS AND WAXAS.

1.1 Vegetable oils. (name origion and uses)
1.2Linseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil,palm oil, Peanut oil,tung oil castor oil sunflower
oil, colton seed oil soybean oil.
1.3 Extraction of oils.
1.4 Compression method for colton seed oil.(Introducation only)
1.5 solvent extraction method for soybeen oil/sun flower oil
1.6 Flow sheet. unit operations involved
1.7Enegy requirments by products of solvent extraction. their uses.
1.8 Processing of vegetableoils
1.9 Refining, Bleaching.
1.10 Hydrogenration
1.11 Deodarization, Vitaminization.
1.12 Flowsheet
1.13 Unit operations andunit process involved
2. WAXES NAME, ORIGIN AND USES.

2.1 Bees wax, carnaube wax, spermacet.
2.2 Ozocerite, Paraffin wax, mortion wax.
condellilla wax, synthetic wax.
3. SOAP.
3.1 Soap chemical formul. raw materials.
3.2 Manufacture of soap by ketlle process.
3.3 Manufacture of soapand fatty acid by continuous process.
3.4 Flow sheets.
3.5 unit operations and unit processes by products.
3.6 By products.
3.7 Typical soaps.
138
3.8 Toilet soap industrial soap.
3.9 shaving soapmillad toilet soap.
3.10 Medicated soap transperant soap.
4. GLYCERIN USES FORMULA.

4.1 Manufacture of glycerine asby product ofsoap plant.
4.2 Flowsheet.
4.3. Unit operations and unit processinvolved.
4.4 Energy requirments
4.5 synthetic glyecrine.
4.6 Raw materias.
4.7 Chemical reaction.
4.8 Manufacture of glycerine by the Hydrolysis of oil/fat.
4.9 Flow sheet
4.10 Unit operations and unit process.
5. DETERGEN, SURFACTANTS.
5.1 Classification ofdetergent.
5.2 Anionics, Cationics, Non liric, Amphoteric.
5.3 suds regulators.
5.4 Builders and Additives.
5.5 Biodegrodalility.
5.6 Manufactureofdetergent (ABS)
5.7 Flow sheet.
5.8 Unitoperations and unit processes.
5.9 Detergent action.
6. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRIAL

6.1 Raw materials. Preparation of Raw meterials (cleancinge)
6.2 Types of pulps(mechanical, semi chemical, chemical pulp)
6.3 kraft pulping
6.4 Flow sheet
6.5 Unit operations and engey requirments.
6.6 Recovery of Black liquer (kraft Pulping)
6.7 Sodda pulping.
6.8 Sulphite pulping.
6.9 Flow sheet.
6.10 unit operationsandenegy requirments.
6.11 Recoveryof Black liquer.
6.12 comparison of the three pulps.
6.13 Manufacture of paper.
6.14 Beatingand refiningofpulp. fillers.
139
6.15 Conical refiner of a jordan engine.
6.16 Emerson claflin refiner.
6.17 Fourdinier machine for paper manufacture.
6.18 Cylinder machine for heavy paper/card board manafacture
6.19 Structural Boards.
7. SUGAR INDUSTRY.
7.1 Raw materials.
7.2 Manufacture of cane sugar.
7.3 flow sheet.
7.4 unit operations and unit processes.
7.5 Manufacture of Beet suger
7.6 unitoperationsandunit processes.
7.7 By products of suger industries/their uses.
8. FERMENTALTION INDUSTRIES.
8.1 Industrial Alcohol uses.
8.2 Manufacture of industrial alcohal by fermentation.
8.3 Flow sheet.
8.4 unit operations and unit processes involved.
8.5 Preparation of Absolute alcohol from industrial alcohol.
8.6 Preparation of Acetone and Butanol from molasses/corn.
8.7 Flow sheet unit operations and unit processes.
8.8 Preparation of citric acid from molasses.
9. SYNTHATIC FIBER.
9.1 Classification, uses.
9.2 Manufacture of polyester fiber. Flow sheet.
9.3 Chemical process and unit operations.
9.4 Manufacture of Nylon-6 fiber. Flow sheet.
9.5 Unit operations
9.6 Unit processes.
10. Nuclear industries
10.1 Introducation,nuclear reactions (Fusion and Fission)
10.2 Uraniun and thorium fission
10.3 Uranium as enagy source.
10.4 Sources and reserves of nuclear fuels in Pakistan
10.5 Mining and milling.ore
10.6 Refining of ore.
10.7 Refining of ore.
10.8 flow sheet.
10.9 Iso tops enrichment.
140
10.10 Conversion of UF6 to UO2 flow sheet.
10.11 Unit operations and unit processes.
10.12 Nuclear fuels selection.
10.13 Isotopes and isotope separation.
10.14 Protection from radioactivity.
10.15 Waste disposal of nuclear waste.
TEXT BOOK
Shseves chemical process industries fifth edition george T. Austia
141
CHT-324 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS - II
1. UNDERSTAND OILS AND FATS.

1.1 Define oils and Fats.
1.2 Enlist various types of oils.
1.3 Distinguish between oils and fats.
1.4Explain solvanr extraction method for cotton seed, and soy-been.
1.5 Describe expression method for cotton seed.
1.6 Explain refining, Bleaching and hydrogeneration.
1.7 Name catalyst and explain its validity.
1.8 Draw a neat flowsheet diagram for solvant extraction method.
2. UNDERSTAND WAXES.
2.1 Define waxes.
2.2 Enlist various types of waxes.
2.3 Defferentiate between natural and synthatic waxes with examples.
2.4 Explain uses of both types of waxes.
3. UNDERSTAND SOAPS
3.1 Define soaps.
3.2 Name Raw-materials
3.3 Write formula.
3.4 Explain continuous process for soap manufacturing.
3.5 Draw a neat and labelled diagram of continous proces.
3.6Explain unit process and operations involved in soap manufacturing.
3.7 Describe typical soaps and their By-products.
3.8 Explain energy requirements.
4. UNDERSTAND GLYCERIN.
4.1 Define Glyerrin.
4.2 Name Raw materials.
4.3 Differntiate between synthatic and natural glycerin.
4.4 Write chemical reaction.
4.5Explain manufacture of glycerin by the hydrolysis of oil and fats.
4.6 Draw a neat flow diagram.
4.7 Explain unit operation and unit proces
4.8 Enlist uses.
5. UNDERSTAND DETERGENTS/SURFACTANTS.
5.1 Define detergent.
142
5.2 Identify soaps and detergents.
5.3 Explain manufacture of different (Alkyl - Benzene) sulphates.
5.4 Draw a neat flow sheet diagram.
5.5 Explain detergents action.
5.6 Enlist various types of detergents.
5.7 Name Builders and additives.
5.8 Enlist uses.
6. UNDERSTAND PULP AND PAPER.

6.1 Enlist Raw material
6.2 Name various types of pulps.
6.3Explain the manufacture of Mechancial, pulp, kraft and chemical pulp,
sulphate/sulphite pulp.
6.4 Draw flow sheet diagram for each of above types.
6.5 Explain manufacture of paper by jordan engine.
6.6 Enlist fillers and sizing elements.
6.7Explain manufacturing methods for heavy paper/car-board and structural boards.
7. UNDERSTAND SUGAR INDUSTRY.

7.1 Name Raw materials.
7.2 Explain the manufacture of sugar from cane.
7.3Explain the Unit process and operation involved i sugar manufacturing.
7.4 Explain manufacture of sugar from beet.
7.5 Enlist by-products of sugar industry.
7.6 Describe the uses of By-products of sugar industry.
8. UNDERSTAND FERMENTATION.
8.1 Define fermentation.
8.2 Enlist fermenting agents.
8.3 Name the products of "Mollasses" after fermentation.
8.4 Explaun the manufacture of industrial alcohal by fermentation.
8.5Describe the manufacture of absolute alcohal from industrial alcohal
8.6Explain the manufacture of acetic acid, citric acid and acetone.
8.7 Draw a flow sheet diagram for each one of the above.
8.8Enlist the unit operation and process involved in the manufacture of acetic acid,
citric acid.
8.9 Explain the energy requirement for 8.8
8.10Explain the uses of industrial alcohol, acetic and citric acid.
9. UNDERSTAND SYNTHATIC FIBER.

9.1 Define synthatic fiber.
9.2 Enlist various types of fibre.
143
9.3Explain the manufacture of polyester fiber with flow sheet diagram.
9.4 Explain the manufacturing procedures of Nylon-6
9.5 Draw a neat flow diagram for 9.4
9.6 Explain the unit process and operation involved in nylon-6
9.7 Name the uses of polyester.
10. NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES.

10.1 Define nuclear and fission reaction.
10.2 Enlist various radio active elements.
10.3 Explain the characteristic of alpha, beta and gama rays.
10.4 Distiguish between nuclear and fission reaction.
10.5 Locate the position of nuclear fuels and sourse in Pakistan.
10.6 Describe mining operations of the Uranium ore.
10.7 Explain the refining of Uranium ore.
10.8 Draw a flowsheet diagram for 10.7
10.9 Enlsit uses of radio-active elements.
10.10 Explain enrichment techniques of radio-active elements.
10.11 Identify nuclear fuels according to their uses.
10.12 Describe isotope seperation techniques.
10.13 Name protective devices from radio active elements.
10.14 Explain the use of waste disposal of nuclear waste.
144
CHT 324 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS - II
LIST OF PRACTICALS
(One Practical Period Per Week)
1. Determination of F.F.A of vagetabde oils/Fats. 3

2. Determination of coloum index of oil/fatsby 3
tento meter.
3. Determination of Acid-value of oil/Fats. 2
4. Determination of iodine-valur of oil/Fats. 2
5. Determination of melting point of Fats. (ghee) 4
6. Determination of sponification value of oil/Fat. 2
7. Vitamin testfor ghee. 2
8. Extraction of oil by soxlet apparatus. 4
9. Preparation of soayabeen oil in the laboratory. 2
Preparation of soapfyon Asid (stearic Asid ) in the 2
laboratory.
10. Preparation of Medicated Soap. 2
F.F.A= Free fatty acids.
145
CHT 335 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING -II
(UNIT OPERATION-II)
T P C
3 6 5
OBJECTIVES
1. To apply principles of unit operations in the

labortory work
2 Chemical production equipment related to these operations.
CONTENTS.
1. CRYSTALLIZATION, IMPORTANCE, TYPES OF CRYTALS, CRYSTAL,

FORMS
1.1 Principle of crystallization
1.2 Supersatuation, Nucleation
1.3 Miscellaneous crystillization techniques
1.4 Classification of crytallization
1.5 Crystallization, Agitatad batch crytallization
1.6 Swenon walker crystallizer
1.7Vacuum crystallizer, vacuum crystallizer with recirculation, crystal crystallizer
1.8 Crystallizer produce large crystals
2. FILTRATION, CLASSIFICATION OF FILTERS

2.1 Filter media, filter aids
2.2 sand filter, chamber press
2.3 Plate and frame press, leaf filter, pressure filter
2.4 Rotary drum filter
2.5 washing of filter cakes
3. CENTRIFUGES
3.1 Batch top driven centrifuges
3.2 Batch under driven centrifuges
4. INTRODUCTION TO DRYING
4.1 Bound unbound and free water, equilibrium moisture content
4.2 Classification of dryers
4.3 Compartment and tunnel dryers
4.4 Rotary dryer (construction and working)
4.5 Festorn dryer
4.6 Factors affecting rate of drying
4.7 Drying rate curve
5. SIZE REDUCTION
5.1 Classification of crushing and grinding machinery
5.2 Jaw crusher
5.3 Gyratory crusher
146
5.4 Roll crushers
5.5 Single roll crusher
5.6 Fine grinders
5.7 Roller mills
5.8 Ball and tube mill
5.9 ultra fine grinders
5.10 Closed circuit grinder
6. DISTILLATION
6.1 Theory of Distillation
6.2 Raoult,s Law, Relative volatility
6.3 Henry's Law, constant boiling mixtures
6.4 Differential disttllation
6.5 Equilibrium distillation
6.6 Rectification and vacuum distillation
6.7 Construction of rectifying columns
6.8 Sieve plate and packed columns
6.9 Bubble capfractionating columns
6.10 Fractionating column calculations
6.11 Heat and material balances
6.12 Plate to plate calculations
6.13 Mecabe Thiele method
6.14 Types of trays Bubble cap
6.15 Sieve trays, flexitrays, disc and daughnut trays
6.16 Types of down commers
6.17 Towers operating corditions
6.18Pressure vacuum tower top temperature reboiler temperature temperature gradient
6.19 Types of feed effect of feed temperature, reflux ratio
6.20 Tower operating troubles
6.21 Overloading, flooding, entrainment
6.22 Coring, weeping, inproper reflux rate
6.23 Steam distillation, extractive distillation
6.24 Azeotropic distillation, petroleum distillation
7. EXTRACTION
7.1 Extraction, classification of extraction equipments
7.2 Oil seed extraction plant
7.3 Continuous diffusion batteries
7.4 the Dorr agitator, dorr thickner
7.5 Counter current decantation system
7.6 Counter current extraction with filters
7.7 Liquid liquid extraction towers
7.8Baffle plate towers spray towers, pulse towers Agitated operation towers
7.9 Centinfugal type extractors
8. ABSORPTION
8.1 Theory of Gas absorption
8.2 Construction and working of Gas absorber
8.3 Types and properties of packings
147
9. HUMIDITY
9.1 Air water vapour contact theory
9.2 Humidity, Retative and % age humidity
9.3 Humid heat, saturated of humid volume
9.4 Dew point, wet bulb temperature
9.5 Use of humidity chart
9.6 Humidification methods
9.7 Construction and operating principles of cooling towers
9.8 Atmosphine draft cooling towers
9.9 Mechanical draft cooling towers
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to chemical engineering By Wall.L.Badger &

Julins T.Banchero Mc Graw Hill book co New york
2. Chemical Engineering Hand Book By J.H Perry (Editor) Mc Graw
Hill Book co. in New York
148
CHT 335 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING II
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1.Study the working and construction of bubble cap fractionating column.

2.Separation of abinary mixture by fractinal distillation in a bubble cap distillation
tower
3.To study the principle of extraction by using solvent extractor
4.Determination of Humidity of air water vapour system by using dew point method
5.To determine the humidity ,% age humidity humid heat specsfic and surturated
volume of an air water vapour system by psychometric method
6.To study the Construction and working principle of an air conditioner
7.To study the construction and working principle of an absorption column
8. To study the effect of the rate of distillation
9.The practicals in unit operation should include a considerable amount of installing and
dismentling the equipments whichever is feasible
LIST OF PRACTICALS
UNIT OPERATION-11
1.Study the effect of temperature, concentration and agitation on crystallization

2.Study the theory and operation of filter press, filtering, washing, cleaning of press,
by filtering various industrially important slurries
3.Study the effect of flow rate on the efficiency of a filter press
4.Study the operation of a portable mixer by use of various industrially important
materials
5.Determination of house power required and rate of mixing for the miting of
definite quantitie, of materials (such as salt and sand) in dry and wet states
6.Determination of the number of revolutions and time required for mixing of two
materials per unit weight and calculation of the efficiency of the mixer
7.Determination of rate of drying for a fibrous, and granular material.
8.Study the operation of a sieve shaker through the use of a variety of crushed solids
(Alternately, a mannal sieve screen analysis way be carried out)
9.Study the operation of a pulverizer by using a variety of materials analyse the
efficiency and purpose of the machine by sieve screen analysis
10.Study the operation of various mills by grinding several materials analysis of
efficiency and purpose of the machines by sieve screen analysis
11. Study the operation of jaw crusher
12.Determine the horse power required for crushing a definite material e.g red bricks
13.Determine the horse power required for grinding a definite quentity of a material to
100 mesh in a will. Also calculate the work index for such a grinding operation.
14.Prepare a graph relating perticle diameter to time in sample grinder
149
CHT 335:- CHEMICAL ENGINEERING-II
(UNIT OPERATION-II)
1 CRYSTALLIZATION
1.1 Understand crystallization
1.1.1 Define crystallization
1.1.2 Give the importance of crystallization
1.1.3 Enlist the types of crystals
1.1.4 Give the crystal forms
1.1.5 Explain the principle of crystallization
1.1.6 Explain super-saturation
1.1.7 Explain Nucleation
1.1.8 Enlist crystallization techniques
1.1.9 Explain different crystallization techniques
1.2 Understand crystallizers
1.2.1 Give classification of crystallizers
1.2.2 Explain construction and working of
(a) Tank crystallizer
(b) Agitated batch crystallizer
(c) Swenson walker crystallizer
(d) Vacuum crystallizer
(e) Vacuum crystallizer with recirculation
(f) Krystal crystallizer
(g) Crystallizer to produce large crystal
2 FILTRATION
2.1 Understand filtration
2.1.1 Define filtration
2.1.2 Enlist filter medias
2.1.3 Define filter aid
2.1.4 Give examples of filter aid
2.2 Understand filters
2.2.1 Give classification of filters
2.2.2 Explain construction and working of
(a) Sand filter
(b) Chamber filter
(c) Plate and frame filter
(d) Leaf filter
(e) Pressure filter
(f) Rotary drum filter
2.2.3 Explain the washing of filter cake
3 CENTRIFUGE
3.1 Understand centrifuge
3.1.1 Explain the working principle of centrifuge
3.1.2 Give types of centrifuges
3.1.3Explain the working of batch type top driven centrifuge
3.1.4 Explain the working of batch under drivan centrifuge
150
4 DRYING
4.1 Understand drying
4.1.1 define drying
4.1.2 Define bound, unbound and free water
4.1.3 Explain equilibrium moisture content
4.1.4 Explain drying rate
4.1.5 Enlist factors affecting rate of drying
4.1.6 Draw drying rate curve
4.2 Understand dryers
4.2.1 Define dryer
4.2.2. Give the classification of dryers
4.2.3 Explain the construction and working of
(a) Compartment dryer
(b) Tunnel dryer
(c) Rotary dryer
(d) Festoon dryer
5 SIZE REDUCTION
5.1 Understand size reduction
5.1.1 Define size reduction(crushing and grinding)
5.1.2 Give classification of crushing and grinding
machinery
5.1.3 Differentiate between inter mediate grinding, fine
grinding and ultra fine grinding.
5.1.4 Explainconstruction and working of
(a) Jaw crusher
Gyratory crusher
Roll crusher
Ball mill
Tube mill
5.1.5 Explain the construction and working of ultrafine
grinder(pulvenizer)
Explain closed circuit grinding
6 DISTILLATION
6.1 Understand distillation
6.1.1 Define distillation
6.1.2 Explain theory of distillation
6.1.3 Explain raoults law
6.1.4 Explain Henevy's law
6.1.5 Explain relative volatility
6.1.6 Give examples of constant boiling mixtures
6.2 Understand types of distillation
6.2.1 Enlist types of distillation
6.2.2 Define differential distillation
6.2.3 Define equiliberium distillation
6.2.4 Define ractification
6.2.5 Define vaccum distillation
6.2.6 Explain steam distillation
151
6.2.7 Explain extractive distillation
6.2.8 Explain Azeotropic distillation
6.2.9 Explain petroleum distillation
6.3 Understand the Rectifying Columns
(a) Packed column
(b) Sieve plate column
(c) Bubble cap column
6.3.2 Enlist the types of trays
Explain the merits of each type of tray
Explain the types of down commers
6.4 Understand fractionating column calculation
6.4.1 Make heat balance
Make material balance
Make plate to plate calculations by using mecabe-
thiele method
6.5 Understand tower's operating conditions
6.5.1 Enlist the factors which affect the tower's
operating conditions
6.5.2 Explain the effect of pressure and vacuum
6.5.3 Explain the effect of tower top temp
6.5.4 Explain the effect of reboiler temp
6.5.5 Explain the effect of feed temp
6.5.6 Explain the effect of reflux ratio
6.6 Understand tower operating troubles
6.6.1 Explain over loading and flooding
Explain entrainment coning
Explain weeping
Explain the effect of improper reflux rate
7 EXTRACTION
7.1 Understand extraction
7.1.1 Define extraction
7.1.2 Give the examples of solid liquid extraction
7.1.3 Give the examples of liquid-liquid extraction
7.2 Understand the extraction equipments
7.2.1 Give the classification of extraction equipments
7.2.2 Explain the oil seedextraction plant
(a) Continuous diffusion batteries.
(b) Dorragitator
(c) Dorr thickner
7.2.4 Explain counter current decantation system
7.2.5 Explain counter current extraction with filters
7.2.6 Explain the construction and working of liquid
liquid extraction towers like:
(a) Baffle plate tower
(b) Spray tower
(c) Pulse tower
(d) Agitated extration tower
152
7.2.7 Explain the construction and working of the
centrifuge type extractor
8 ABSORPTION
8.1 Understand absorption
8.1.1 Explain theory of gas absorption
8.1.2 Explain the construction and working of gas
absorber
8.1.3 Give the types of packing materials
8.1.4 Enlist the properties of packing materials
9 HUMIDITY
9.1 Understand humidity
9.1.1 State air-water vapour contact theory
Define humidity
Give mathematical form of relative humidity
Give formula for percentage humidity
Define humid heat and humid volume
Explain dew point
Differentiate between dry bulb and wet bulb
temperature
Use humidity chart to calculate different terms
9.2 Understand humidification methods
9.2.1 Defined humidification
9.2.2 Enlist humidification methods
9.2.3 Explain humidification methods
9.3 Understand cooling towers
9.3.1 Enlist types of cooling towers
Explain construction and working of atmospheric
draft coooling tower
Explain construction and working of mechanical
draft cooling towers
153
CHT 342 PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL.
T P C
2 0 2
OBJECTIVES:-
1 Understand the mechanism of various control instruments used in various chemical
industries.
2Explain the function and working of control instruments used for different process
variables. after going through the curriculum.
1. INRODUCTION.
1.1 Importance of process instrumentation in Chemical
industry.
1.2 How measurement are made.
1.3 Introduction to important process variables.
1.4 Temperature : Pressure
1.5 Flow : Level
2 BASIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION.

2.1 Pascal's law.
2.2 Bernaulli's theorem.
2.3 Hook's law.
2.4 Thermoelectric effects.
2.5 Whetstone Bridge circuit
2.6 Capacitance, Resistance, Inductance imperence.
3 TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

3.1 Thermometers.
3.2 Liquid-filled thermometer.
3.3 Hg-filled thermometer.
3.4 Bi-metallic thermometers.
3.5 Pressure spring thermometers.
3.6 Thermocouples.
3.7 Resistance thermometers
3.8 Pyrometers (Optical radiation)
3.9 Pneumatic Temperature transmitters.
4 PRESSURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
4.1 U -tube manometer.
4.2 Inclined manometer
4.3 Well type manometer
4.4 Inverted bell type manometer
4.5 Bourdon tube
4.6 (a) Spiral
4.7 (b) Helix
4.8 Bellows
4.9 Pneumatic Pressure transmitters.
4.10 Transducer
4.11 Definition of transducer
154
4.12 Electrical transducer
4.13 Mechanical transducer
4.14 The Pirani gange.
5 INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

5.1 Differential pressure measuring instruments.
5.2 U-tube manometer
5.3 Well-type manometer
5.4 Inclined tube manometer
5.5 Differential pressure bellows
5.6 Bell differential pressure gauge
5.7 Differential pressure transmitter
6 FLOW MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

6.1 Head meters
6.2 (a) Orifice meter
6.3 (b) Venturi meter
6.4 (c) Flow nozzles
6.5 Variable area meters (Rotameters)
6.6 Magnetic flow meters
6.7 Open channel flow measuring instruments
7 LIQUID LEVEL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

7.1 Direct liquid level measuring instruments.
7.2 Bob and tape
7.3 Sight glass
7.4 Floats
7.5 Probe type level detector.
7.6 Indirect liquid level measuring instruments
7.7 Pressure gage.
7.8 Purge or bubbler systems.
7.9 Control loop
7.10 Pneumatic control valve
7.11 On-Off control.
7.12 Proportional control.
7.13 Proportional derivative control
7.14 Proportional integral derivative control.
REFERENCES
1Industrial Instrumentation fundamentals by Austin E Fribance McGraw-Hill Book

company
2Instrumentation by Franklyn .W Kirk and Nicholas.Rinbo American Technical society
Chicage, Illinois
155
CHT-342 PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
1. UNDERSTAND IMPORTANCE OF CONTROL INSTRUMENTS

1.1 Name various process variable used in chemical industry
1.2 Explain each variable
a-Temprature
b-Pressure
c-Flow
d-Level
1.3Explain the basic principles involved in process instrucmentation
1.4 Define pascal's Law
1.5 Explain pascal lsw with examples
1.6 Explain bernauli's theorm
1.7 Enlist uses of bernaulis' theorm
1.8 Define thermoelectric effect
1.9 Draw neat sketch of wheat stone bridge circuit and explain it
1.10 Define each one of the followings
a-Capacitance
b-Resistance
c-Inductance
d-Impedence
1.11 Explain each one of no 10
2. KNOW TEMPRATURE
2.1 Define temprature
2.2 Distinguish between heat and temprature
2.3 Enlist various temprature scale
2.4 Read temprature on celscious scale
2.5 Read temprature on fahrenheit scale
3 KNOWS THERMAMETRY
3.1 Describes liquid filled thermo-meter
3.2 Explain mercury filled thermometer(with diagram)
3.3 Explain bi mctallic thermameter.
3.4 Explain pressure spring therma meter
4 UNDERSTAND THERMOCOUPLES
4.1 Define thermocouple
4.2 Explain the primer of thermocouple
4.3 Enlist various types of thermocouples
4.4 Explain iron constanton thermocouple
4.5 Explain chromicum/Al thermo couples
4.6 Describe pt/rh-pt thermocouple
4.7Identify the use of each thermocouples for different temprature ranges
5 UNDERSTAND RESISTANCE THERMOMETER

5.1 Define resistance thermometer
5.2 Explain the principle of resistance thermometer
156
5.3Draw the diagram of wheat stone bridge circuit and label its parts.
5.4 Describe the operation of the resistance thermometer
6 UNDERSTAND PYROMETERY AND PYROMETERS

6.1 Define pyrometer.
6.2 Enlist types of pyrometers
6.3 Draw a neat0 sketch of the radiatian pyrometer
6.4 Describe the functioning of radiation pyrometer.
6.5 Draw the diagram of optical pyrometer
6.6 Explain the function and operation of the pyrometers
6.7 Identify the pyrometmer onthe basis of temperature range and electrical circuit
7 UNDERSTAND TEMPRATURE TRANSMITTER

7.1 Define temprature transmitter
7.2 Enlist types of temprature transmitters
7.3 Explain the principle of temperature transmitter.
7.4 Draw the diagram
7.5 Explain the electrical operation of the transmitter
7.6Identify the transmitters electronic on the bases of their operation and temprature
change
8 UNDERSTAND PRESSURE
8.1 Define pressure
8.2 Enlist various pressure measuring instrument
8.3 Describe U-tube manometer
8.4 Explain well type mano meter
8.5 Explain well type meter
8.6 Draw the neat shetch of a
a-Bourdon guage
b-bellows
8.7 Explain bourdon guage
8.8 Explan the principle of differential pressure instruments
8.9 Describe differential pressure instruments
8.10 Differentiate between differcutial pressure and direct pressure measuring instruments
8.11 List the uses of d/p measuring instrument
8.12Differentiate between precematic and electronoc pressure transmitters
9 UNDERSTAND TRANSDUCERS
9.1 Define transducers
9.2 Enlist types of transducers
9.3 Draw diagrams of transducers.
9.4 Explain the mechanical/electrical transducer
9.5 Differentiate between mechanical and electrical transducer
9.6Enlist five advantages of electrical transducer and there disadvantages of mechanical
transducer
9.7 Explain piirani gauge
10 UNDERSTAND FLOW MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

10.1 Describe flow of the fluid
157
10.2 Name type of flow
10.3 Enlist flow measuring instruments
10.4 Describe orifice meter
10.5 Explain venturi-meter
10.6 Explain flow nozzle
10.7 Explain Rota meter
10.8 Explain magnatic flow meter
10.9 Explain pitot tube
10.10 Draw diagram of flow meter
10.11 Differentiate between
a-orifice meter & venturimeter
b-Rotameter and pitot tube
10.12 Enlist characteristics of each flow meter
11 UNDERSTAND LEVEL MEASSURING INSTRUMENTS

11.1 Define level of the fluids
11.2 Name type of level meter.
11.3 Enlist level mearuring instruments
11.4Explain the principle of electrical level measuring instruments
11.5 Draw diagram of the level measuring instrument
11.6 Describe sight glass
11.7 Describe flood method
11.8Explain the use of pressure gauge for in direct level measuremtns
11.9 Explain radio active system of level measurement
11.10 Explain the sonic principle
11.11Explain the ultra sonic method for liquid level measurement
11.12 Explain liquid level measurement by load cell
11.13 Enlist four uses of electrical level measuring instrument
12 UNDERSTAND CONTROL SYSTEM
12.1 Define control system

12.2 Explain control loop with its working principle
12.3 Names various type of controllers
12.4 Explain proportional controller
12.5 Describe propertional derivative controller
12.6 Explain propertial integral derivative controller
12.7 Explain pnevmatic control valve
12.8 Explain on-off control system
12.9 List uses of each controller
158
CH. 352 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE. T P
C
0 6 2
Total contact hours:
Theory:- Nil.
Practical 192
OBJECTIVES
1.To acquaint the students with all the practicals skill, they need to develop/use in
heavy light chemical Industries.
2.A project to a group of students will be allocated which will be completely the co-
ordination of industry.
3.A close liaison will be established between the institution and industry to achieve the
institutional objectives.
4.Objective No. 3 will help in facilitating the placement of the students in industries.
The time allocation will depend on the Project assigned, by the working teacher and the
Industrial Management.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION, SIGNIFICANCE IN INDUSTRIES

1.1Preparation of flow diagram of typical chemical industries showing process
conditions and products at different sections e.g Fertilizers, Sugar, Cement,
Petroleum and petrochemicals, acid alkali industries
1.2Preparation of standard solutions of various normalities of different chemicals.
1.3Sampling, precipitation, digestion, ignition, filtration and distillation techniques
2. VOLUMETIC ANALYSIS
2.1 Neutralization titration, Redox titration
2.2 Iodomentery, Iodimetery and argentometery
3. GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
3.1 Use of oven, furnaces, disectors etc.
4.DETAILED DESCRIPTION REPORT ABOUT THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL

INDUSTRIES, BY DEPUTING DIFFERENT GROUPS OF STUDENTS ( 6 NO)
AT DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL UNITS. THE STUDENTS WILL
GET TRAINING AT THEIR RESPECTIVE SECTIONS ONCE A WEEK.
FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES
4.1 Reforming Section
159
4.2 NH3 Synthesis
4.3 Compressor Section
4.4 NH3 Storage
4.5 HNO3 manufacturing unit
4.6 Urea plant
4.7 Utility section
4.8 Laboratory
5. VEGETABLE GHEE INDUSTRIES

5.1 H2 gas plant
5.2 Refining Section
5.3 Hardening and Filling Section
5.4 Laboratory/lab techniques
6. SOAP AND SODIUM

6.1 Soap and Silicate manufacturing units
6.2 Solvent extraction plant
7. INDUSTRIAL GASES
7.1 CO2 plants
7.2 O2 plants
8. BEVERAGES
8.1 Water Softening and water treatment
8.2 Beverage manufacturing unit
8.3 Laboratory
9. CERAMICS AND BLUE POTTERY

9.1 Raw materials and flow diagram
10. LABORATORY TESTS PERTAINING TO DIFFERENT CHEMICAL

INDUSTRIES.
10.1 Water Analysis (Municipal and Boiler water)
10.2 Vegetable Ghee analysis
10.3 Sugar tests
i)Sucrose percentage test using a) Indicator
b) Polarimeter
ii) Determination of specific gravity by Hydrometer
10.4 Ferrous, non ferrous alloys analysis
160
CHT 362 ENERGY CONSERVATION & ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.
T P C
1 3 2
OBJECTIVES
1. Know about energy and energy conservation in industry.

2. Know the uses of basic instruments to measure Energy
3.To apply his knowledge to conserve energy in chemical
industries. Calculate energy losses.
CONTENTS.
ENERGY CONSERVATION.
1.Introduction to energy & energy conservation, sources of
energy
1.1 Types of energy
Heat energy. Mechanical energy
Potential energy Kinetic energy
Electrical energy Chemical energy.
2. First and 2nd Laws of thermodynamics and application
3.Heat recovery in internal combustion engines and steam

turbines
4. Types of fuels, primary fuels

4.1 (solid fuels) Secondary fuels
4.2 (liquid fuels) Tertiary fuels
4.3(Gaseous fuels) Incomplete combustion and its effects on
energy recovery
5. Selection of equipment for process energy recovery such as.

Hydraulic Turbines, wheel or runner gas expansion units etc
6. Energy Management systems

6.1 energy monitoring
6.2 Measuring instruments and techniques
7. Heat recovery in process plants

7.1 Steam generation
7.2 Pre-heating boiler's feed water
7.3Application for heat recovery, economics of heat
recovery
8. Energy recovery in petro-chemical industry

8.1 Process and equipments
8.2 Steam and electric energy generation
8.3 Refrigeration, heat gain.
161
9. Emerging energy saving trends in sugar industry
162
Reference:
1.Process energy conervation by Richard Green & Staff of
chemical Engineering Published by Mc Graw Hill
publishing co, New York
2.Energy eduction for Pakistan enercon 86-11 Ministry of

planning and development Govt of Pakistan March 1987
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.
1. INTRODUCTION.
Definition, types of pollution, atmospheric pollution, land
pollution, noise pollution, and waste water pollution.
2 ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION.
2.1 Definition.
2.2 Methods of control
2.3 Its effects on human health.
3. WATER POLLUTION
3.1 Definition, methods of control.
4. NOISE POLLUTION.
4.1Definition, sources of pollution, sound characteristics,
controlling measures.
5. LAND POLLUTION.
5.1 Types, controlling techniques.
6. POLLUTION CONTROL IN FERTILIZERS.

6.1Ammonia, Urea pollution, blled gases, effect on human
health, use of gas masks, controlling techniques.
7 PAPER AND PULP POLLUTION.

7.1Chemicals used, elimination of poisonous gases,
controlling methods.
8. A PETROLEUM POLLUTION.
B SUGAR POLLUTION.
8.1 Poisonous chemicals in petroleum
8.2 Their effects upon human health.
8.3 Bleaching chemicals used in sugar industry.
8.4 Pollution controlling techniques.
REFERENCES BOOKS.
1.Environmental pollution Atmosphere, Land, Water and Noise
by H.M. Dix published by John Wiley and Sons.
2.Pollution control in process industries by S.P. Mahajan
Tata Mc Graw Hill publishing company.
163
164
CHT 362- ENERGY CONSERVATION & ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.
ENERGY CONSERVATION.
1. UNDERSTAND ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION.

1.1 Define Energy and Energy conservation.
1.2 Enlist sources of Energy.
1.3 Name various types of Energy.
1.4 Explain all types of Energy.
1.5Differentiate different Energy on the basis of their
heat contents.
2. UNDERSTAND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS.

2.1 Define first-Law of thermodynamics.
2.2 Define second Law of thermodynamics.
2.3 Derive relationships for kinetic and potential Energy.
2.4 Prove K.E = 1/2 MV2.
2.5 Prove P.E.= mZ.
2.6 Explain their application in conserving Energy.
3. UNDERSTAND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND TURBINES.

3.1 Define internal combustion engines.
3.2 Name various types of turbines.
3.3Explain the merits of rotary turbine over reciprocating
Engines.
3.4Explain methods of heat recovery from internal
combustion Engine and rotary turbines.
4 UNDERSTAND FUELS AND COMBUSTION PROCESS.

4.1 Define solid Liquid and gasseous Fuels.
4.2 Enlist types of solid Fuels.
4.3 Enlist types of Liquid and gasseous Fuels.
4.4 Explain merits of gaseous Fuels over solid and Liquid
Fuels.
4.5 Define combustion.
4.6Explain the methods of heat recovery by the combustion
of Liquid and gaseous Fuels.
4.7 Calculate waste heat.
4.8Describe an effective and efficient method of heat
recovery and its re-cycle.
5. SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESS ENERGY RECOVERY.

5.1 Enlist equipment
5.2 Describe working and use of equipment for energy
recovery.
6. ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.

6.1 Definition
165
6.2 List of types of systems.
6.3 Explain different energy management systems.
7 HEAT RECOVERY IN PROCESS PLANTS.

7.1 Steam turbine
7.2 Gas Expansion unit.

7.3 Explain managing energy techniques.
7.4 Describe Energy monitoring system.
7.5Name the process variables required for energy
measurement and control.
7.6Explain the process variable relevant for energy
conservation.
8 UNDERSTAND PETRO-CHEMICAL PROCESS PLANTS.

8.1 Define process plants.
8.2 Enlist various process plants such as glass-plastics,
petroleum-sugar etc.
8.3 Name methods for heat recovery from such plants.
8.4 Describe pre-heating system in steam power plant.
8.5 Explain the method of steam production.
8.6 Describe per-heating system in steam power plant.
8.7 Describe method how heats conserved in such a plant.
8.8 Explain the use of heat recovered in others as an
energy
sources.
8.9 Explain economic impact, of heat recovery in terms of
saving
money
8.10 Explain the heat recovery system in petrochemical
plant.
8.11 Describe fractianating column and recovery of heat as
waste
heat from the vapour-Liquid phase.
8.12 Calculate heat recovered mathematically and the amount
saved
in Pakistani Rupees.
8.13 Name the equipment used for heat recovery in the
plant.
8.14 Describe heat generation system from water, both as a
steam
power plant and Electricity generation plant.
8.15Explain the use of law pressure and light pressure
steam in refrigeration system thought sudden
enlargement and T.
9: UNDERSTAND SUGAR MANUFACTURING TRENDS.

9.1 Explain cane crushing process
9.2 Name the tallest type of sharp knife edge crushers.
9.3 Calculate energy used and conserve in the above system
166
9.4 Define evaporation.
9.5 Enlist various types of evaporators.
9.6 Explain the use of multiple effect eveporator and heat
saved.
9.7 Calculate the energy saved in terms of money.
9.8 Identify between various types of eveporators on the
basis of
9.8.1 Heat conserved
9.8.2 Re-use both from cane sugar and beet sugar
juice.
POLLUTION
1 UNDERSTAND POLLUTION.
1.1 Define pollution
1.2Enlist types of pollution such as atmospheric pollution
land pollution, land pollution, noise and waste water
pollution.
1.3 Define noise pollution.
1.4 Describes its effect upon human health.
1.5 Explain damages caused by above types of pollution.
1.6Identify various types of pollution on the basis of
their damages caused, effect on environment and human
health.
1.7 Explain control methods.
2. UNDERSTAND AIR/ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

2.1 Define atmospheric pollution
2.2 Enlist various types of gases present in atmosphere.
2.3 Explain methods to control air pollution.
2.4 Explain the effects of atmospheric pollution on human
health.
2.5 Explain physical and chemical treatment to control.
2.6Explain neuterlisation and precipitation, oxidation-
reduction method to control.
3 UNDERSTAND WATER POLLUTION

3.1 Define water pollution.
3.2 Name water polluants.
3.3 Explain the oxidation effect on bacteria's present in
water.
3.4 Define chemical nutrients.
3.5 Explain 10 exchange method to control waste water
disposal.
3.6Explain filtration techniques to control and check water
affluent in sewage and industrial waste water.
4 UNDERSTAND NOISE POLLUTION

4.1 Define noise pollution.
167
4.2 Name sources of noise pollution.
4.3Define sound characteristics of high pitch which affects
worker health and public health.
4.4 Name units of intensity of sound.
4.5 Explain the effect of sound of 80-150 dbs on human
ear.
4.6 Explain ear plug system to control.
5 UNDERSTAND LAND POLLUTION.

5.1 Define land pollution.
5.2 Enlist types of land pollution.
5.3 Explain control methods
(i) Precipitation
(ii) adsorption
(iii) Ion exchange
6 UNDERSTAND AMMONIA/UREA MANUFACTURING

6.1 Define ammonia equilibrium.
6.2 Define equilibrium Constant
6.3 Enlist bleed gases
6.4 Explain the effect of gases upon human health
6.5 Name quality catalyst
6.6 Explain the absorption system of gases.
6.7 Explain the use of gas mask on ammonia plant/urea
plant
6.8 Explain reaction between CO2 & NH3
6.9 Explain the damage caused by bi-uret on the plant
6.10Explain how pollution can be controlled by latest
stripping techniques.
7 UNDERSTAND PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES.

7.1 Enlist chemicals used
7.1 Explain the toxicity of chemicals
7.2Describe the elimination techniques of SO2 and NO2's by
chemical methods
7.3 Name method of removal by ordination
7.4Explain the meeting process for the removal of organic
compound which produce harmful gases.
8 UNDERSTAND PETROLEUM REFINING
UNDERSTAND SUGAR MANUFACTURING
8.1Enlist various abnoscious chemicals present in petroleum
8.2Explain tetra-ethyle lead use and its effect upon engine
and human healths
8.3 Explain the method of removal of sulpher from gasoline
8.4 Explain the use of additives in petroleum product
8.5Explain the formation of alkylates and re-formations to
overcome pollution.
8.6 Enlist various refining and decolourising agents
8.7 Explain the use of SO2 in bleaching
168
8.8 Describe method to eleminate sulphur
8.9Explain the use of diocta-decyl dimethyle ammonium
chloride
8.10Name in-organic salt which are problomatic for
environment
8.11Explain Ion-exchange method to overcome encironmental
pollution
8.12Explain method to eleminate fromation of CO2 during
burning of baggasse as a fuel.
169
CHT. 372 INDUSTRIAL STOICHIOLETERY
T P C
2 0 2
COURSE CONTENTS.
1. UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

1.1 Definition
1.2 Conversion of units in English/metric system
1.3 Calculation based on unit conversion
2. BEHAVIOUR OF GAS
2.1 Ideal gas laws
2.2 Boyel's law
2.3 Charle's law
2.4 Gas equation
2.5 Absolute Temperature
2.6 Absolute Zero
2.7 Absolute temperature scales
2.8 Standard conditions
2.9 Value of gas constant `R' in different systems
2.10 Calculation based on gas equation
2.11 Dalton's law of partial pressure
2.12 Amagats law of partial volume
2.13 Avogadro's number
2.14 Mole fraction and percent
2.15 Pressure fraction and percent
2.16 Mass fraction and percent
2.17 Volume fraction and percent
2.18 Mole percent and percent
2.19 Prove Mole percent = volume percent = pressure percent
2.20Calculation based on percentage and fractions for
gaseous mixtures
2.21 Vander Waal's equation
3. CHEMICAL EQUATION
3.1 Limiting reactant
3.2 Excess reactant
3.3 Theoretically required amount of reactant
3.4 Percent excess of reactant
3.5 Degree of completion of reaction
3.6 Percent conversion of reactant
3.7 Percent yield
3.8 Calculation based on chemical equation
4. MATERIAL BALANCE
4.1 Law of material balance
4.2 Steps involved in making material balance calculation
4.3 Tie component
4.4 Material balance without chemical change
4.5 Material balance involving chemical change
170
4.6 Calculation based on simultaneous equation
4.7 Calculation based on combustion problems
5. ENERGY BALANCE
5.1 Energy unit
5.2 Law of Energy Balance
5.3 Specific heat at constant volume
5.4 Specific heat at constant pressure
5.5 Latent heat
5.6 Enthalpy
6. THERMO CHEMISTRY
6.1 Heat of Reaction
6.2 Heat of Formation
6.3 Heat of Combustion
6.4 Hesis law of Heat Submission
7. THERMODYNAMICS
7.1 First law of Thermodynamics
7.2 Heating at constant volume
7.3 Heating at constant pressure
TEXT BOOKS
1.Manual on Stoichiomety (Chemical Technology) Polytechnic

Manual pens
2. An Introduction to Chemical Engg. by Charles E. Little
John
171
CHT 372 INDUSTRIAL STOICHIOMETERY
1 UNIT AND DIMENSION

1.1 Understand unit and dimension
1.1.1 Explain unit and dimension
1.1.2 Enumerate the system of units
1.1.3 Define English system, metric system and S.I
system
1.1.4 Explain derived units
2 BEHAVIOUR OF GAS
2.1 Understand behaviour of gases
2.1.1 Explain facts and observation about gases
2.1.2 Enlist the gas laws
2.1.3 Define ideal gas law
2.1.4 State boyle's law
2.1.5 State charle's law
2.1.6 Derive general gas equation
2.1.7 Describe Absolute temperature
2.1.8 Define Absolute Zero
2.1.9 Define Absolute temperature scale
2.1.10Define the standard conditions of temp
pressure(STP or NTP)
2.1.11 Calculate valve of R in different system
2.1.12 Solve problems based on gas equation
2.1.13 Explain dalton's law of partial pressure
2.1.14 Define amagats law
2.1.15 Explain the Application of problems
2.1.16 Describe avogadro's number
2.1.17 Explain mole fraction and percent
2.1.18Illustrate pressure fraction, mass fraction,
volume fraction
2.1.19 Prove mole percent=volume percent=pressure
percent
2.1.20Solve problems of gaseous mixture based on %age
and fraction
2.1.21 Derive vander wall's equation
2.1.22 Solve problems based on vanders wall's
equation
3 CHEMICAL EQUATION
3.1 Understand chemical equation
3.1.1 Define limiting reactant
3.1.2 Define excess reactant
3.1.3 Calculate theoretical required amount of
reactant
3.1.4 Calculate excess of reactant
3.1.5 Define degree of competition reaction
172
3.1.6 Describe percent conversion of reaction
3.1.7 Describe percent field
3.1.8 Solve problems based on chemical equation
4 MATERIAL BALANCE
4.1 Understand material balance
4.1.1Enlist the steps involved in making material
balance calculation
4.1.2 Define the components
4.1.3 Describe material balance with out chemical
change
4.1.4 Explain material balance involving chemical
change
4.1.5 Solve problems based on simultaneous
equation
4.1.6 Solve problems based on combustion process
5 ENERGY BALANCE
5.1 Understand energy balance
5.1.1 Define energy unit
5.1.2 State law of energy balance
5.1.3Explain specific heat at constant volume and
constant pressure
5.1.4 Define latent heat
5.1.5 Explain enthalpy
6 THERMO CHEMISTRY
6.1 Understand thermo chemistry
6.1.1Define heat of reaction, heat of formation and
heat of combustion
6.1.2 State Hess's law of heat summation
6.1.3 Calculate heat of combustion of gases/ fuels
6.1.4Calculate heat of reaction applying Hess's law
7 THERMODYNAMICS
7.1 Understand thermodynamics
7.1.1 State first law of thermodynamics
7.1.2Calculate specific heat at constant volume and at
constant pressure
173

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Eng-112ENGLISH

Total contact hours

ENGLISH PAPER "A"

2 CLOZE TEST 4 hours

ENGLISH PAPER "B"

1. DEMONSTRATE BETTER READING, COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY

2. UNDERSTAND FACTS OF THE TEXT

3. APPLY THE RULES OF GRAMMAR IN WRITING AND SPEAKING

4.APPLY THE CONCEPTS OF COMPOSITION WRITING TO PRACTICAL

5. APPLIES RULES OF TRANSLATION

Pre-requisite:Must have completed a course of Elective Mathematics at Matric level.

AIMS: After completing the course the students will be able to

1. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 6 Hours

2. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES. 3 Hours

3. GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES. 3 Hours

4. BINOMIAL THEOREM 6 Hours

5. PARTIAL FRACTIONS 6 Hours

6. FUNDAMENTALS OF TRIGONOMETRY 6 Hours

7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND RATIOS 6 Hours

8. GENERAL IDENTITIES 6 Hours

9. SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES 6 Hours

10. MENSURATION OF SOLIDS 30 Hours

11. VECTORS 9 Hours

12. MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 9 Hours

1.USE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS.

2.UNDERSTAND APPLY CONCEPT OF ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES.

3. UNDERSTAND GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES.

4. EXPAND AND EXTRACT ROOTS OF A BINOMIAL.

6. UNDERSTAND SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES.

7.APPLY BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS.

8.USE TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES IN SOLVING TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.

9.USE CONCEPTS, PROPERTIES AND LAWS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

10.USE PRINCIPLES OF MENSURATION IN FINDING SURFACES, VOLUMES AND

11.USE THE CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF VECTORS IN SOLVING

12.USE THE CONCEPT OF MATRICES & DETERMINANTS IN SOLVING

Total Contact Hours

2SCALARS AND VECTORS. 4 Hours.

4TORQUE, EQUILIBRIUM AND ROTATIONAL INERTIA. 4 Hours.

5WAVE MOTION. 5 Hours

8OPTICAL FIBER. 2 Hours

12TRANSFER OF HEAT. 5 Hours

13ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. 3 Hours

14ATOMIC NUCLEUS. 5 Hours

15NUCLEAR RADIATIONS. 5 Hours

16ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES. 2 Hours

17MAGNETIC MATERIALS. 2 Hours

18SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIALS. 2 Hours

1 USE CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT TO PRACTICAL SITUATIONS AND

2 USE CONCEPTS OF SCALARS AND VECTORS IN SOLVING PROBLEMS

3 USE THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM AND CONCEPTS OF

4USE CONCEPTS OF TORQUE, EQUILIBRIUM AND ROTATIONAL INERTIA TO

5USE CONCEPTS OF WAVE MOTION IN SOLVING RELEVANT PROBLEMS.

6UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS OF SOUND.

7USE THE CONCEPTS OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS TO MIRRORS and LENSES.

8UNDERSTAND WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT

9UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE, WORKING AND USES OF OPTICAL FIBER.

10UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE, WORKING AND USES OF LASERS.

11UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS OF HEAT.

13 UNDERSTAND LAWS OF ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND EMISSION OF

14 UNDERSTAND NATURE, TYPES, GENERATION AND SPECTRUM OF