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    Shell Script Basics

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    joshihimanshu358

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Shell Script Basics

    Uploaded by

    joshihimanshu358
    1 views5 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views5 pages

    Shell Script Basics

    Uploaded by

    joshihimanshu358

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    Shell Script Basics

    1. What is a Shell Script?

     A shell script is a text file containing a series of commands that are


    executed by a shell interpreter.
     Common shell interpreters include Bash, sh, zsh, etc.

    2. Creating a Shell Script

    1. Open a text editor (e.g., nano, vim, or a GUI editor).


    2. Write your script, starting with the shebang line:

    bash
    Copy code
    #!/bin/bash

    3. Save the file with a .sh extension (e.g., script.sh).

    3. Running a Shell Script

     Method 1: Directly execute it (requires execution permissions):

    bash
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    chmod +x script.sh # Make it executable
    ./script.sh # Run the script

     Method 2: Run with the interpreter explicitly:

    bash
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    bash script.sh

    Key Features and Syntax

    1. Comments

     Use # to add comments. Comments are ignored by the interpreter.

    bash
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    # This is a comment
    echo "Hello, World!"

    2. Variables

     Assign values to variables without spaces.


    bash
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    name="John"
    echo "Hello, $name"

     Use $ to access a variable’s value.

    3. Input and Output

     Input: Use the read command.

    bash
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    echo "Enter your name:"
    read name
    echo "Welcome, $name!"

     Output: Use the echo command.

    bash
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    echo "This is a message"

    4. Control Structures

    a. If Statements

    bash
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    if [ condition ]; then
    # Code to execute if condition is true
    else
    # Code to execute if condition is false
    fi

    Example:

    bash
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    if [ "$name" == "Alice" ]; then
    echo "Hello, Alice!"
    else
    echo "You're not Alice."
    fi

    b. Loops

     For Loop:
    bash
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    for i in 1 2 3; do
    echo "Number: $i"
    done

     While Loop:

    bash
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    count=1
    while [ $count -le 5 ]; do
    echo "Count: $count"
    count=$((count + 1))
    done

    5. Functions

    Define reusable blocks of code:

    bash
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    my_function() {
    echo "This is a function."
    }

    my_function # Call the function

    6. Command Substitution

    Run a command and use its output:

    bash
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    current_date=$(date)
    echo "Current date: $current_date"

    7. File Operations

     Check if a file exists:

    bash
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    if [ -f "file.txt" ]; then
    echo "File exists."
    else
    echo "File does not exist."
    fi
     Create a file:

    bash
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    touch newfile.txt

    8. Redirection

     Redirect output to a file:

    bash
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    echo "Hello" > output.txt # Overwrites the file
    echo "World" >> output.txt # Appends to the file

     Redirect input from a file:

    bash
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    wc -l < input.txt # Count lines in the file

     Redirect errors:

    bash
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    ls nonexistentfile 2> error.txt # Write errors to error.txt

    Useful Commands

    Command Description
    pwd Print the current directory
    ls List files in the directory
    cd Change directory
    cp Copy files
    mv Move/rename files
    rm Remove files/directories
    echo Print messages
    cat Display file contents
    grep Search text in files
    chmod Change file permissions
    date Display current date/time

    Example Shell Script


    bash
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    #!/bin/bash
    # A simple script to display system info

    echo "Welcome, $(whoami)!"


    echo "Current Date and Time: $(date)"
    echo "Your Current Directory: $(pwd)"
    echo "System Uptime: $(uptime)"

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