Unit 1

Lengua inglesa 3 Unit 1 © Sofia Luz Montaner
UNIT 1: OUR PEOPLE
1. GRAMMAR
1.1. VERB FORMS TO TALK ABOUT THE PAST
A) Past simple:
The past simple is used to describe:
 An action that happened or a state that existed at a specific time in
the past.
 An action that lasted for a period of time in the past, but is now finished.
 A habitual action over a specific period in the past.
 Actions which happened one after the other.
B) Past continuous:
It is used to describe:
 An activity which started and continued until an event in the past.
 Activity which started in the past and continued after an event in the
past.
 A situation which was temporary at a time in the past.
 Something that frequently happened with always, forever, often to
express amusement of irritation.
Statives verbs: these verbs are not usually in the continuous tense; they are
mostly used with past simple. These verbs are:
 Verbs that express feelings, opinions or knowledge.

 Verbs that describe appearance.
 Verbs that describe senses.
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C) The present perfect tenses:

The present perfect tense is used:
 To describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past
up to now.
 To describe a past action when the emphasis is on the result in the
present.
 With time adverbs that connect the past to the present: just, already,
lately, so far, up to now, yet, today (when it is still the same day), the
morning (when it is still the same morning).
 With for and since to describe an activity of state had started in the past
and is still continuing in the present.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Emphasizes the result. Emphasizes the activity.
Often describes an action that is now Shows that an activity has continued
completed. for a period of time and may mean
that it is still continuing.
Says how much has been completed Says how long an activity has been
or how often something has been happening.
done.
May indicate a more permanent May indicate a temporary situation.
situation.
D) The past perfect tenses:

The past perfect simple tense is used:
 Indicate that we are talking about an action which took place, or a state
which existed, before another activity or situation in the past, which
is described in the past simple.
 With time expressions like when, as soon as, after, before, it was the first
time, etc.
The past perfect continuous time is used:
 To focus on the length of time.
 To say how long something happened up to point in the past.
E) Would and used to:

Would + infinitive and used to + infinitive are used to talk about things which
happened repeatedly in the past, but do not happen now.
 Use used to: to talk about past states that do no longer exist.
 Used to only exists in the past, it has no other tenses. The negative is
didn’t use to.
2. VOCABULARY
2.1. COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE AND GIVE
COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE COLLOCATIONS WITH GIVE

make an effort give me a call/ring
make inquiries give me an assurance / your word
make an offer gives you the right / the idea
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make a point give me the impression

make difference give you trouble.
make provision give for that car
make way gave way under weight
make an impression to leave/give up this
make time gave birth last week.
2.2. PEOPLE: CHARACTER AND BEHAVIOR (VERB + NOUN
COLLOCATIONS)
COLLOCATION COMMENT
Play a joke/trick Not make a joke
Take a joke = don’t mind a joke being played on
her
Swallow your pride = did it even though it was
embarrassing
Throw a tantrum = behave in a very uncontrolled
manner
Lose your patience = lose your temper, become angry
Come to terms with = accept something psychologically
Reveal your true character Opposite to hide your true character
2.3. EXPRESSIONS ABOUT FAMILY RELATIONS
 Being named after

 Being the spitting image of = to look exactly the same as
 The black sheep of the family = completely different to everyone else in
the family
 Fall out with = to argue or fight with someone
 Follow in your parents footsteps = do the same job as your parents
 Blood is thicker than water = family is the most important thing
 Run in the family = when a characteristic is passed down through many
generations
 Take after = to inherit personality/appearance from a parent
 Get on like a house on fire = to argue/fight with
 The breadwinner/bring home the bacon = the one who supports the family
financially
 Like two peas in a pod = extremely similar in personality
 Like chalk and cheese = completely different

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Lengua inglesa 3 Unit 1 © Sofia Luz Montaner

UNIT 1: OUR PEOPLE

1.1. VERB FORMS TO TALK ABOUT THE PAST

 Verbs that express feelings, opinions or knowledge.

C) The present perfect tenses:

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

D) The past perfect tenses:

E) Would and used to:

2.1. COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE AND GIVE

COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE COLLOCATIONS WITH GIVE

make a point give me the impression

2.3. EXPRESSIONS ABOUT FAMILY RELATIONS

 Being named after

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